Saccharomyces boulardii Tht 500101 changes gut microbiota and ameliorates hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and liver inflammation in streptozotocin-diabetic mice.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disorder resulting from chronic autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic ß-cells, lack of insulin production and hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that streptozotocin-diabetic mice treated with Saccharomyces boulardii THT 500101 strain present improvement of glucose and triglycerides metabolism, reduction of liver inflammation concomitant with a beneficial impact in the gut microbiota profile. C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned into three groups: Control, Diabetes, Diabetes+Probiotic, and were euthanised 8 weeks after probiotic chronic administration. Mice submitted to treatment presented reduced glycemia in comparison with the diabetic group, which was correlated with an increase in C-peptide level and in hepatic glycogen content. Fat metabolism was significantly altered in streptozotocin-induced diabetic group, and S. boulardii treatment regulated it, leading to a decrease in serum triglycerides secretion, increase in hepatic triglycerides storage and modulation of inflammatory profile. The phenotypic changes seen from chronic S. boulardii treatment were found to be broadly associated with the changes in microbioma of diabetic animals, with increased proportion in Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Deferribacteres, and a decreased proportion of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phylum. Thus, the data presented here show up a novel potential therapeutic role of S. boulardii for the treatment and attenuation of diabetes-induced complications.

Influência da administração de eritropoietina humana recombinante sobre o desempenho físico: estudo de revisão / Influencia de administración de eritropoyetina humana recombinante en el rendimiento físico: un estudio de revisión / Effects of administration of human recombinant erythropoietin on physical performance: study review

Objetivo. Discutir os resultados acerca dos efeitos do uso da eritropoietina humana recombinante (rHuEPO) sobre o desempenho físico, bem como relatar os efeitos adversos decorrentes desta prática, correlacionando os achados de estudos experimentais e clínicos. Métodos. Foram selecionados artigos científicos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, no período de 1985‐2013, utilizando as seguintes palavras‐chaves: eritropoietina/erythropoietin, desempenho atlético/athletic performance, resistência física/physical endurance, efeitos adversos/adverse effects e doping nos esportes/doping in sports. Resultados. Todos os estudos (n = 10) encontraram melhora nas variáveis de consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) e tempo de exaustão em humanos, utilizando diferentes protocolos de dosagens, que podem variar de 50‐60 UI/kg nas primeiras semanas, com redução ao longo do tratamento. Dentre as reações adversas mais frequentes estão os acidentes trombovasculares, deficiência de ferro e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Conclusão. O tratamento com rHuEPO em diferentes doses e períodos pode potencializar o desempenho físico de humanos, em virtude dos diferentes efeitos gerados, incluindo aumento no transporte de O2, redução das concentrações de lactato sanguíneo, aumento das concentrações de ácidos graxos livres no sangue e do glicogênio muscular (AU)

Objetivo. Discutir los resultados relativos a los efectos del uso de la eritropoyetina humana recombinante (rHuEPO), sobre el rendimiento físico, así como los efectos adversos de su uso, así como la relación de los resultados de estudios experimentales y clínicos. Métodos. Se seleccionaron los artículos científicos publicados en revistas incluidas en PubMed y SciELO, en el período de 1985‐2013, usando las siguientes palabras clave: eritropoietina/erythropoietin, desempenho atlético/athletic performance, resistência física/physical endurance, efeitos adversos/adverse effects e doping nos esportes/doping in sports. Resultados. Todos los artículos (n = 10), en relación con la influencia del tratamiento con rHuEPO en el rendimiento deportivo, mostraron una mejoría en las variables de consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) y el tiempo hasta el agotamiento en seres humanos, utilizando diferentes protocolos de dosis, que oscilan desde 50‐60 UI/kg en las primeras semanas con reducción progresiva durante el tratamiento. Entre los efectos adversos más frecuentes se encuentran los accidentes vasculares trombóticos, la ferropenia y la hipertensión arterial. Conclusión. El tratamiento con dosis de rHuEPO y en diferentes períodos puede mejorar el rendimiento físico en los seres humanos, debido a los diferentes efectos generados, incluyendo el aumento del transporte de O2, la reducción de las concentraciones de lactato en sangre, aumento de las concentraciones de ácidos grasos libres en la sangre y glucógeno muscular (AU)

Objective. Discuss the influence of rHuEPO on physical performance, as well as the adverse effects of this practice, exposing results from experimental and clinical studies. Methods. Were selected articles published in the basis, PubMed and SciELO databases, in the period 1985‐2013, using the following keywords eritropoetina/erythropoietin, desempenho atlético/athletic performance, resistência física/physical endurance, efeitos adversos/adverse effects e doping nos esportes/doping in sports. Results. All articles (n = 10) related to the influence of treatment with rHuEPO on sports performance, found improvement in the variables of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and time to exhaustion in humans, using different protocols dosages between 50 to 60 IU/kg during the first weeks with reduced throughout treatment. Among the most common adverse effects are the thrombovascular accidents, iron deficiency and hypertension. Conclusion. Treatment with rHuEPO doses and at different periods, can enhance physical performance in humans, because of the different generated effects, including increased O2 transport, reduction of blood lactate concentrations, increased concentrations of free fatty acids in the blood and muscle glycogen (AU)

Assessment of tooth sensitivity using a desensitizer before light-activated bleaching.

UNLABELLED: CLINICAL OBJECTIVE: This clinical study evaluated whether the use of a desensitizing agent (5% potassium nitrate/2% sodium fluoride) before in-office light-activated bleaching decreased this sensitivity. METHODS: Before in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (three applications, 15 minutes each) associated with an LED/laser unit, clinicians applied a placebo gel or the desensitizing agent on the buccal surfaces of all participants. They repeated this protocol one week later. Patients recorded their tooth sensitivity on a 0-to-4 scale. The authors used one-way repeated measures ANOVA to compare the tooth color changes and non-parametric statistics to compare the different percentages of patients with tooth sensitivity and the levels of tooth sensitivity in the different periods of time between groups (α=0.05). RESULTS: The use of a desensitizing gel did not affect the bleaching efficacy. Eighty percent and 100% of the participants from the experimental and placebo groups, respectively, experienced tooth sensitivity (p>0.05). The intensity of sensitivity was similar immediately after bleaching for both groups (p>0.05). After 24 hours, lower sensitivity was reported in the experimental group, while most of the participants from the placebo group experienced tooth sensitivity (p<0.05).