Descriptive and Inferential Statistics in Nursing Research.

Editor's note: This is the 19th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. To see all the articles in the series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A204.

Sample Size Planning in Quantitative Nursing Research.

Editor's note: This is the 18th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. To see all the articles in the series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A204.

Introduction to Statistical Hypothesis Testing in Nursing Research.

Editor's note: This is the 16th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. To see all the articles in the series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A204.

The Architecture of a Research Study.

Editor's note: This is the 15th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. To see all the articles in the series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A204.

Transforming an educational ecosystem for substance use disorders: A multi-modal model for continuous curricular improvement and institutional change.

Health professions curricula are created to prepare learners to effectively address health issues affecting individ uals and their communities. Ideally, curricula emphasize the predominant biopsychosocial influences impacting the health of diverse populations. However, despite decades of investment and advances in educational research and design, we have failed to create a health professional workforce capable of equitably meeting the health care needs of the public. Particular communities, geographic regions, and patients with stigmatized diagnoses continue to be underserved, and the potential contributions of multidisciplinary health professionals and advanced practice providers continue to be unrealized within a predominantly physician-centric health care model. Genuine educational transformation requires multidimensional, iterative strategies used to meaningfully evolve traditional classroom curricula, break from the implicit and "hidden" curricula, and enrich the educational ecosystem in which all operate. This manuscript elaborates the construct and process of "educational ecosystem transformation" as a tool for the evolution of the educational ecosystem and its situated curriculum that will eventually drive the enrichment of the healthcare workforce. Drawing from traditional models of curriculum development, recent work on transforming the hidden curriculum, the clinical learning environment, and change management strategies, this new approach uses a health equity and structural competence lens to interrogate and deconstruct a learning system in order to identify opportunities to change, strengthen, and deepen a learner's experience around a specific topic. This process requires an in-depth, multidimensional assessment followed by the identification of key change targets and a stepwise, iterative plan for improvement and transformation. The topic area of substance use disorders (SUD) is used to illustrate how this complex process might be employed to improve the quality of care, realize and amplify the contributions of the entire healthcare team, stimulate interest in addiction medicine as a career, and reduce the stigma and disparities patients with SUDs often experience.

Interpretive Methodologies in Qualitative Nursing Research.

Editor's note: This is the 12th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. To see all the articles in the series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A204.

An Introduction to Qualitative Methods for the Nurse Researcher.

Editor's note: This is the 11th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. The articles will be accompanied by a podcast offering more insight and context from the authors. To see all the articles in the series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A204.

Practicing gratitude to combat despair: Discovered joy in addictions nursing.

ABSTRACT: The convergence of the opioid epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic created an urgent need in our communities to combat a rising tide of "deaths of despair." Responding to the call to care for persons with a substance use disorder is a service to both community and to self. Working in addictions provides the nurse practitioner renewed opportunity to experience life and career affirming humility, resilience, and gratitude through the joys of recovery.

Diagnostic Studies: Measures of Accuracy in Nursing Research.

Editor's note: This is the 10th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. The articles will be accompanied by a podcast offering more insight and context from the authors. To see all the articles in the series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A204.

Secondary Data in Nursing Research.

ABSTRACT: Editor's note: This is the ninth article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. The articles will be accompanied by a podcast offering more insight and context from the authors. To see all the articles in the series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A204.

Case-Control Studies.

Editor's note: This is the eighth article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. The articles will be accompanied by a podcast offering more insight and context from the authors. To see all the articles in the series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A204.

Measurement in Nursing Research.

Editor's note: This is the fourth article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. The articles will be accompanied by a podcast offering more insight and context from the authors. To see all the articles in the series, go to http://links.lww.com/AJN/A204.

Sampling Design in Nursing Research.

Editor's note: This is the third article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. The articles will be accompanied by a podcast offering more insight and context from the author.

Organophosphate insecticide exposure: A clinical consideration of chlorpyrifos regulation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In March 2017, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reversed course on a proposal to ban the agricultural use of the organophosphate (OP) insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF). The purpose of this article is to examine the evidence leading to this controversial decision and provide clinically applicable health promotion guidance for nurse practitioners on CPF exposure and risk reduction measures. METHODS: Environmental Protection Agency documents on CPF regulation and corresponding research referenced within the EPA reports are reviewed. Evidence-based health promotion strategies obtained through PubMed, CINAHL, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health sources are summarized. CONCLUSIONS: Available data suggest a potential association between CPF exposure and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Particularly vulnerable populations are pregnant women, children younger than two years, and agricultural workers. There may be genetic variability in susceptibility to environmental toxins. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Because of the extensive use of the OP CPF in agriculture and other community-based settings throughout the United States, nurse practitioners should be knowledgeable of the evidence regarding CPF exposure and be prepared to provide health promotion guidance to patients in clinical practice. Nurse practitioners should also consider their role in advocacy for healthy environments and the protection of vulnerable populations as it relates to agricultural insecticide exposure.