The Brazilian (FRANCO) method for dental age estimation: Willems' model revisited.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed (I) to test the Willems' dental age estimation method in different geographic samples of the Brazilian population, and (II) to propose a new model combining the geographic samples in a single reference table of Brazilian maturity scores. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 5017 panoramic radiographs of Brazilian males (n = 2443) and females (n = 2574) between 6 and 15.99 years (mean age = 10.99 ± 2.76 years). The radiographs were collected from the Southeastern (SE) (n = 2920), Central-Western (CW) (n = 1176), and Southern (SO) (n = 921) geographic regions. Demirjian's technique was applied followed by Willems' method and the proposed Brazilian model. RESULTS: Willems' method led to mean absolute errors (MAE) of 0.79 and 0.81 years for males and females, respectively. Root mean squared errors (RMSE) were 1.01 and 1.03 years, respectively. The Brazilian model led to MAE of 0.72 and 0.74 years for males and females, respectively, and RMSE of 0.93 years for both sexes. The MAE was reduced in 70% of the age categories. Differences between regions were statistically (p < 0.05) but not clinically significant. CONCLUSION: The new model based on a combined population had an enhanced performance compared to Willems' model and led to reference outcomes for Brazilians. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Assessing patients' biological development by means of dental analysis is relevant to plan orthopedic treatments and follow up. Having a combined-region statistic model for dental age estimation of Brazilian children contributes to optimal age estimation practices.

How reliable is stature estimation by dental means? Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dental measurements have been proposed as parameters for stature estimation for at least 85 years. The scientific literature on the topic, however, is controversial regarding the performance of the method. This systematic literature review of observational cross-sectional studies aimed to compile evidence to support decisions in the forensic practice regarding the use of dental measurements for stature estimation. Embase, LILACS, MedLine (via PubMed), SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, DansEasy and Open Access Thesis and Dissertations (OATD) were searched. Data regarding the rate of correct stature classifications were extracted. A meta-analysis with a Random Intercept Logistic Regression model and a Logit Transformation was conducted. The search led to 10.803 entries, out of which 15 were considered eligible (n = 1486 individuals). The studies were published between 1990 and 2020 and were authored by South American (n = 7) and Asian (n = 8) research teams. Dental measurements were predominantly (93.34 %) performed on dental casts or via intraoral inspection. The overall rate of correct classifications based on stature was 68 %. Excluding outliers, the overall accuracy of the method decreased to 64 % (95 %CI: 54-73 %). Significant heterogeneity was detected (I² = 72.4 %, τ2 = 0.24, H = 1.91, p < 0.001). Egger's test (p = 0.94) and the funnel plot did not reveal publication bias. Dental measurements are not reliable for stature estimation in the forensic field.

On the forensic relevance of tattoos: distinguishing black inks with energy dispersive spectroscopy and backscattered scanning electron microscopy.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze black tattoo inks by means of energy dispersive spectroscopy and backscattered scanning electron microscopy. METHODS: The sample consisted of five types of commercial tattoo pigments of the black colour (Easy Glow™, Electric Ink™, Iron Works™, Master Ink™, and Viper™). An Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) detector (Silicon Drift Detector - SDD - type) attached to a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) device (Tescan Vega3 LMU, Libusina, Czech Republic) was used. X-ray characteristic signs were detected for each tattoo ink in an interval between 0 and 2.5 keV. The electron acceleration potential in the microscope was 15 keV. Two regions were analyzed for each sample (n = 10). On each region, a micrography of backscattered electrons (BSE) was obtained. Means and standard deviations (SD) of the weight percentages (Wt%) were calculated. RESULTS: C and O were predominant, with a mean O/C ratio between 2.69 and 2.74 Wt%. Electric Ink and Master Ink were the most similar pigments, while Easy Glow was the most distinctive - with agglomerates of Al that had a concentration 25 × higher than other specimens. Other compounds detected in the sample were Cl and Cu. CONCLUSION: EDS and SEM were efficient to distinguish black tattoo inks. These are our preliminary outcomes on the use of EDS and SEM to analyze black tattoo inks. Thus, careful interpretation is necessary to avoid rash applications in human identification practice.

Reproduction technologies in pig farming: artificial insemination - literature review / Tecnologias de reprodução na suinocultura: inseminação artificial - revisão de literatura / Tecnologías de reproducción en la porcicultura: inseminación artificial - revisión de literatura

This summary addresses the use of reproduction technologies in swine farming, with an emphasis on artificial insemination (AI). Brazilian swine farming has been growing significantly and seeks new technologies to achieve high productive indices sustainably and competitively. Pigs present favorable characteristics such as high prolificacy, fertility, rapid growth, feed efficiency, and carcass yield, which has led to intensive development of the activity with advanced genetic selection. AI is widely employed to disseminate genetic material among different regions and farms. Several AI techniques are used in modern swine farming: intrauterine insemination (IUI) allows semen deposition in the uterine region, reducing costs; fixed-time insemination (FTAI) synchronizes estrus in various females, facilitating management and increasing efficiency; deep intrauterine insemination (DIUI) deposits semen in the uterine horns, obtaining better results; and cervical insemination (CI), a traditional technique widely used, although it may be more time-consuming and present higher reflux rates. The success of AI is related to knowledge of the reproductive cycle of sows, proper nutrition, and genetic and environmental factors. Semen quality is essential, requiring collection by trained professionals and evaluation of sperm motility and morphology. Although it is a consolidated technique, there are issues to be further explored to optimize its application, defining the exact moment for insemination, reducing reflux, and adopting effective protocols. AI is an essential tool for the growth of Brazilian swine farming, but it requires continuous studies to maximize its efficiency and results, considering the farm's production goal and the size of the enterprise to achieve high reproductive and productive indices.

Este resumo aborda o uso de tecnologias de reprodução na suinocultura, com ênfase na inseminação artificial (IA). A suinocultura brasileira vem crescendo significativamente e busca novas tecnologias para alcançar altos índices produtivos de maneira sustentável e competitiva. Os suínos apresentam características favoráveis, como alta prolificidade, fertilidade, rápido crescimento, eficiência alimentar e rendimento de carcaça, o que levou ao desenvolvimento intensivo da atividade com seleção genética avançada. A IA é amplamente empregada para disseminar material genético entre diferentes regiões e granjas. Diversas técnicas de IA são utilizadas na suinocultura moderna: a inseminação intrauterina (IAIU) permite a deposição do sêmen na região uterina, reduzindo custos; a inseminação em tempo fixo (IATF) sincroniza o estro em várias fêmeas, facilitando o manejo e aumentando a eficiência; a inseminação intrauterina profunda (IAUP) deposita o sêmen nos cornos uterinos, obtendo melhores resultados; e a inseminação cervical (IAC), técnica tradicional amplamente utilizada, embora possa ser mais demorada e apresentar maiores taxas de refluxo. O sucesso da IA estar relacionado ao conhecimento do ciclo reprodutivo das matrizes, à nutrição adequada e aos fatores genéticos e ambientais. A qualidade do sêmen é essencial, exigindo coleta por profissionais treinados e avaliação da motilidade e morfologia dos espermatozoides. Apesar de ser uma técnica consolidada, há questões a serem aprofundadas para otimizar sua aplicação, definindo o momento exato para a realização da inseminação, a redução do refluxo e adoção de protocolos eficazes. A IA é uma ferramenta essencial para o crescimento da suinocultura brasileira, mas requer estudos contínuos para maximizar sua eficiência e resultados, considerando o objetivo produtivo da granja e o tamanho do empreendimento para alcançar altos índices reprodutivos e produtivos.

Este resumen aborda el uso de tecnologías de reproducción en la producción porcina, con énfasis en la inseminación artificial (IA). La producción porcina brasileña ha crecido significativamente y busca nuevas tecnologías para alcanzar altos índices de productividad de manera sostenible y competitiva. Los cerdos presentan características favorables, como alta prolificidad, fertilidad, rápido crecimiento, eficiencia alimentaria y rendimiento de la canal, lo que ha llevado al desarrollo intensivo de la actividad con selección genética avanzada. La IA se utiliza ampliamente para difundir material genético entre diferentes regiones y granjas. Diversas técnicas de IA son utilizadas en la producción porcina moderna: la inseminación intrauterina (IAIU) permite la deposición del semen en la región uterina, reduciendo costos; la inseminación a tiempo fijo (IATF) sincroniza el estro en varias hembras, facilitando el manejo y aumentando la eficiencia; la inseminación intrauterina profunda (IAUP) deposita el semen en los cuernos uterinos, obteniendo mejores resultados; y la inseminación cervical (IAC), técnica tradicional ampliamente utilizada, aunque puede ser más demorada y presentar mayores tasas de reflujo. El éxito de la IA está relacionado con el conocimiento del ciclo reproductivo de las hembras, la nutrición adecuada y los factores genéticos y ambientales. La calidad del semen es esencial, requiriendo la recolección por profesionales capacitados y la evaluación de la motilidad y morfología de los espermatozoides. A pesar de ser una técnica consolidada, hay aspectos que deben ser profundizados para optimizar su aplicación, como la definición precisa del momento de la inseminación, la reducción del reflujo y la adopción de protocolos eficaces. La IA es una herramienta esencial para el crecimiento de la producción porcina brasileña, pero requiere estudios continuos para maximizar su eficiencia y resultados, considerando el objetivo productivo de la granja y el tamaño del emprendimiento para alcanzar altos índices reproductivos y productivos.

Aminoácidos essenciais em suínos: explorando as demandas nutricionais para um crescimento saudável / Amino acids essenciais em suínos: exploring nutritional demands for healthy growth / Aminoácidos esenciales en cerdos: explorando las demandas nutricionales para un crecimiento saludable

O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica é elucidar os principais avanços relacionados à utilização de aminoácidos na nutrição de suínos e sua relação com o desempenho animal. Essa revisão foi realizada a partir de uma busca bibliográfica embasada em diferentes publicações encontradas em banco de dados. A busca por artigos foi realizada nas seguintes bases de pesquisa literária eletrônica: Web of Science e Google Scholar, utilizando termos de busca associados ou não, no plural ou singular, em inglês e em português, como: "aminoacids" and "swine" and "needs". Foram selecionados 45 arquivos, após o teste de relevância para uso no estudo, os mesmos foram tabulados em planilha do Excel® com as informações relevantes, para exploração na revisão. As exigências de aminoácidos devem ser atendidas em todas as fases desde o nascimento, seguindo recomendações por idade e sexo e categoria produtiva, visando a expressão máxima do seu potencial de produção, atendendo as exigências de aminoácidos para garantir a sanidade, potencial produtivo, reprodutivo e índices zootécnicos de interesse.

The objective of this literature review is to elucidate the main advances related to the use of amino acids in swine nutrition and its relationship with animal performance. This review was carried out from a bibliographic search based on different publications found in the database. The search for articles was carried out in the following electronic literary research bases: Web of Science and Google Scholar, using search terms associated or not, in the plural or singular, in English and Portuguese, such as: "aminoacids" and "swine" and "needs". 45 files were selected, after the relevance test for use in the study, they were tabulated in an Excel® spreadsheet with the information that is relevant, for exploration in the review. Amino acid requirements must be met at all stages of life following recommendations by age and sex and productive category, aiming at the maximum expression of its production potential, meeting the amino acid requirements guarantees health, productive and reproductive potential and zootechnical indices of interest.

El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es dilucidar los principales avances relacionados con el uso de aminoácidos en la nutrición porcina y su relación con el rendimiento animal. Esta revisión se realizó a partir de una búsqueda bibliográfica a partir de diferentes publicaciones encontradas en la base de datos. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos de búsqueda literaria electrónica: Web of Science y Google Scholar, utilizando términos de búsqueda asociados o no, en plural o singular, en inglés y portugués, tales como: "aminoácidos" y "swine" y "necesidades". Se seleccionaron 45 archivos, luego de la prueba de pertinencia para su uso en el estudio, se tabularon en una planilla de Excel® con la información que sea relevante, para exploración en la revisión de recomendaciones por edad y sexo y categoría productiva, visando al máximo expresión de su potencial productivo, el cumplimiento de los requerimientos de aminoácidos garantiza sanidad, potencial productivo y reproductivo e índices zootécnicos de interés.

Chromosomal Study on Selected Small Araneomorph Spiders from Brazil, Including the First Records in Palpimanidae and Theridiosomatidae (Araneae, Araneomorphae).

Among the 50,474 spider species, only 849 have chromosomal data available in the literature. Fifty spider families remain unknown from a cytogenetic perspective. The aim of this study was to analyze chromosomally selected araneomorph spiders from Brazil, to contribute to the cytotaxonomy and chromosome evolution of this group. The karyotypes of 12 species belonging to families Corinnidae, Linyphiidae, Oonopidae, Palpimanidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae, Trachelidae, and Zodariidae were analyzed, including the first chromosomal record for the first two families. Specimens (with the abdomen content partially exposed by perforation) were subjected to colchicine, hypotonization, and fixation. In most cases, the total content of the abdomen was used to prepare slides by spreading of cell suspension and subsequent Giemsa staining. The results were as follows: Cinetomorpha simplex Simon, 1892 (Oonopidae) 2n♂ = 9, X0; Neotrops sp. and Neoxyphinus termitophilus (Oonopidae), 2n♂ = 7, X0; Otiothops birabeni (Palpimanidae); Agyneta sp. (Linyphiidae), 2n♂ = 24, X1X20; Coleosoma floridanum, Thymoites sp.1 and Thymoites sp.2 (Theridiidae), 2n♂ = 22, X1X20; Naatlo sp. (Theridiosomatidae), 2n♂ = 30, X1X20; Orthobula sp. (Trachelidae) 2n♂ = 21, X0; Falconina sp. (Corinnidae), 2n♂ = 28, X1X20; Epicratinus sp. (Zodariidae) 2n♂ = 42, X1X20. The chromosomal morphology was determined for all the samples except for Oonopidae. Most species exhibited telocentric chromosomes, with the exception of Palpimanidae and Theridiosomatidae. The main findings: 1) support an hypothesis on ancestral karyotype of Zodariidae and Oonopidae; 2) reveal a relatively high chromosome number in Palpimanidae that supports an idea on relatively high ancestral chromosome number (2n♂ = 42) of entelegyne spiders (Palpimanoidea is sister group of entelegyne spiders); 3) show that the karyotype found in Theridiosomatidae is exceptional within the Araneoidea.

Psiconeurodontologia, (bio)decodificação dental e os mil e um nomes para o charlatanismo odontológico no século XXI: uma revisão de escopo / Psychoneurodontology, dental (bio)decoding and a thousand terms for odontological charlatanism in the 21st century: a scoping review

Junto às tecnologias que surgem para aprimorar a Odontologia mundial, emergem temáticas que progressivamente prosperam no obscuro e na incerteza. Tais "áreas odontológicas" se caracterizam por uma roupagem prolixa e de alto apelo público (como por meio de inferências sobre o emocional e os mistérios do corpo humano). Em tempos de disseminação da psiconeurodontologia e (bio)decodificação dental, assim como da incerteza acerca de sua confiabilidade, faz-se imperativa a busca pela fundamentação científica que sustenta esta temática. Para isto, foi realizada uma revisão de escopo seguindo as recomendações do PRISMA-ScR e JBI. Uma ampla busca foi realizada em cinco bases de dados e em parte da literatura cinza. Não houve restrição quanto ao ano de publicação e nem quanto ao idioma. Os dados foram coletados e expostos na forma narrativa/descritiva. De maneira complementar, utilizou-se a ferramenta JBI para avaliação da qualidade metodológica. A busca resultou em 4.785 registros iniciais, dos quais somente dois foram classificados como elegíveis. Ambos os estudos foram detectados a partir da literatura cinzenta e consistiam em trabalhos peruanos de conclusão de curso em nível de graduação (Bacharelado) em Odontologia. Os trabalhos aferiam a ocorrência de lesão de cárie em quadrantes de dentes permanentes e decíduos e correlacionavam com um questionário psicoemocional. Os dois trabalhos concluíram em prol da aplicação da psiconeurodontologia e da (bio)decodificação dental como ferramentas adicionais ao armamentário diagnóstico do Cirurgião-dentista. Detectou-se alto risco de viés, em especial acerca das limitações metodológicas dos estudos elegíveis. Tendo em vista os métodos e resultados observados nos estudos elegíveis, pode-se concluir que não há fundamentação científica na psiconeurodontologia ou na (bio)decodificação dental, muito menos validade e confiabilidade para a sua aplicação na prática clínica odontológica atual

Along with the technologies that emerged to improve Dentistry worldwide, there are themes that progressively dive into darkness and uncertainty. Such "dental areas" are characterized by a verbose approach and strong public appeal (such as through inferences about the emotions and mysteries of the human body). In times of dissemination of psychoneurodontology and dental (bio)decoding, as well as uncertainty about their reliability, the search for alleged scientific foundations that support this theme is imperative. To this end, a scoping review was carried out following the recommendations of PRISMA-ScR and JBI. A broad search was carried out in five databases and part of the gray literature. There was no restriction on the year of publication or language. Data were collected and presented in narrative/descriptive form. Complementarily, the JBI tool was used to assess methodological quality. The search resulted in 4.785 initial records, of which only two were classified as eligible. Both studies were detected from the gray literature and consisted of Peruvian studies at Bachelor's degree in Dentistry. The studies measured the occurrence of caries lesions in quadrants of permanent and deciduous teeth and correlated them with a psychoemotional questionnaire. The two studies concluded in favor of the application of psychoneurodontology and dental (bio)decoding as additional tools to the dental surgeon's diagnostic armamentarium. A high risk of bias was detected, especially regarding the methodological limitations of the eligible studies. Considering the methods and results observed in the eligible studies, it can be concluded that there is no scientific basis in psychoneurodontology or dental (bio)decoding, as well as lack of validity and reliability for its application in current clinical dental practice

Chromosomal study on selected small araneomorph spiders from Brazil, including the first records in Palpimanidae and Theridiosomatidae (Araneae, Araneomorphae)

Among the 50,474 spider species, only 849 have chromosomal data available in the literature. Fifty spider families remain unknown from a cytogenetic perspective. The aim of this study was to analyze chromosomally selected araneomorph spiders from Brazil, to contribute to the cytotaxonomy and chromosome evolution of this group. The karyotypes of 12 species belonging to families Corinnidae, Linyphiidae, Oonopidae, Palpimanidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae, Trachelidae, and Zodariidae were analyzed, including the first chromosomal record for the first two families. Specimens (with the abdomen content partially exposed by perforation) were subjected to colchicine, hypotonization, and fixation. In most cases, the total content of the abdomen was used to prepare slides by spreading of cell suspension and subsequent Giemsa staining. The results were as follows: Cinetomorpha simplex Simon, 1892 (Oonopidae) 2n♂ = 9, X0; Neotrops sp. and Neoxyphinus termitophilus (Oonopidae), 2n♂ = 7, X0; Otiothops birabeni (Palpimanidae); Agyneta sp. (Linyphiidae), 2n♂ = 24, X1X20; Coleosoma floridanum, Thymoites sp.1 and Thymoites sp.2 (Theridiidae), 2n♂ = 22, X1X20; Naatlo sp. (Theridiosomatidae), 2n♂ = 30, X1X20; Orthobula sp. (Trachelidae) 2n♂ = 21, X0; Falconina sp. (Corinnidae), 2n♂ = 28, X1X20; Epicratinus sp. (Zodariidae) 2n♂ = 42, X1X20. The chromosomal morphology was determined for all the samples except for Oonopidae. Most species exhibited telocentric chromosomes, with the exception of Palpimanidae and Theridiosomatidae. The main findings: 1) support an hypothesis on ancestral karyotype of Zodariidae and Oonopidae; 2) reveal a relatively high chromosome number in Palpimanidae that supports an idea on relatively high ancestral chromosome number (2n♂ = 42) of entelegyne spiders (Palpimanoidea is sister group of entelegyne spiders); 3) show that the karyotype found in Theridiosomatidae is exceptional within the Araneoidea.

Spread of Gamma (P.1) sub-lineages carrying Spike mutations close to the furin cleavage site and deletions in the N-terminal domain drives ongoing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Amazonas, Brazil

The Amazonas was one of the most heavily affected Brazilian states by the COVID-19 epidemic. Despite a large number of infected people, particularly during the second wave associated with the spread of the Variant of Concern (VOC) Gamma (lineage P.1), SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate in the Amazonas. To understand how SARS-CoV-2 persisted in a human population with a high immunity barrier, we generated 1,188 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from individuals diagnosed in the Amazonas state from 1st January to 6th July 2021, of which 38 were vaccine breakthrough infections. Our study reveals a sharp increase in the relative prevalence of Gamma plus (P.1+) variants, designated as Pango Lineages P.1.3 to P.1.6, harboring two types of additional Spike changes: deletions in the N-terminal (NTD) domain (particularly{Delta} 144 or{Delta} 141-144) associated with resistance to anti-NTD neutralizing antibodies or mutations at the S1/S2 junction (N679K or P681H) that probably enhance the binding affinity to the furin cleavage site, as suggested by our molecular dynamics simulations. As lineages P.1.4 (S:N679K) and P.1.6 (S:P681H) expanded (Re > 1) from March to July 2021, the lineage P.1 declined (Re < 1) and the median Ct value of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in Amazonas significantly decreases. Still, we found no overrepresentation of P.1+ variants among breakthrough cases of fully vaccinated patients (71%) in comparison to unvaccinated individuals (93%). This evidence supports that the ongoing endemic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Amazonas is driven by the spread of new local Gamma/P.1 sub-lineages that are more transmissible, although not more efficient to evade vaccine-elicited immunity than the parental VOC. Finally, as SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread in human populations with a declining density of susceptible hosts, the risk of selecting new variants with higher infectivity are expected to increase.

O "novo normal" na atividade física e saúde: pandemias e uberização? / The 'new normal' in physical activity and health: pandemics and uberization? / La 'nueva normalidad' en la actividad física y la salud: ¿pandemias y uberización?

Resumo A atividade física tem relevante lugar na agenda da Saúde Pública e foi muito acionada durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Com o objetivo de discutir o "novo normal" na atividade física e saúde, por meio de texto em caráter ensaístico, são abordadas a existência de duas pandemias - a de inatividade física e a de Covid-19 - e a perspectiva de ocorrer o processo de uberização. Ampliar a prática de atividade física é necessário, mas com cautela sobre o discurso da vida ativa, acima e apesar de tudo. Já a uberização, se confirmada, possivelmente terá repercussões negativas para o trabalhador, profissional/professor de Educação Física, e não garantirá a ampliação referida. Por fim, o "novo normal", localizado temporalmente com elementos analíticos até junho de 2020, reforça a necessidade de redução de iniquidades com o objetivo de ampliar possibilidades de construção de modos de vida saudável nos quais a atividade física estará incluída.

Abstract Physical activity plays a relevant role in the Public Health agenda and was often resorted to during the Covid-19 pandemic. This essay discusses the 'new normal' in physical activity and health, the existence of two pandemics - physical inactivity and Covid-19 - and the perspective of the uberization process. The practice of physical activities must be expanded but with caution about the discourse on having an active life above and despite everything. On the other hand, uberization, if confirmed, will probably cause negative impacts on workers and Physical Education professionals/teachers without guaranteeing that expansion. Finally, the 'new normal,' analytically situated until June 2020, reinforces the need to reduce health inequalities in order to expand possibilities for building healthy lifestyles in which physical activity will be included.

Resumen La actividad física ocupa un lugar relevante en la agenda de la Salud Pública y ha sido muy mencionada durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Con el objetivo de discutir la 'nueva normalidad' en la actividad física y la salud, este ensayo aborda la existencia de dos pandemias, la de inactividad física y la de Covid-19, y la posibilidad de que ocurra un proceso de uberización. Es necesario expandir la práctica de actividad física, pero con cautela en lo que se refiere al discurso de la vida activa por encima y a pesar de todo. En cuanto a la uberización, si se confirma, posiblemente tendrá repercusiones negativas para el trabajador, profesional/profesor de Educación Física, y no garantizará la expansión mencionada. Finalmente, la 'nueva normalidad', ubicada temporalmente con elementos analíticos hasta junio de 2020, refuerza la necesidad de reducir las inequidades para poder ampliar las posibilidades de construir estilos de vida saludables en los que la actividad física esté incluida.

Discursos de instituições de saúde brasileiras sobre atividade física no início da pandemia de COVID-19 / Discourses of Brazilian health institutions on physical activity at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic

Este estudo objetiva analisar os discursos produzidos por instituições de saúde sobre atividade física no início da pandemia de COVID-19 (março e começo de abril) no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo documental a partir de sites de instituições de saúde, com o aporte teórico-metodológico inspirado nos estudos foucaultianos a partir do entrelaçamento da noção de discurso e seu impacto no governo das condutas. Foram compiladas 17 comunicações, sendo três de instituições governamentais, nove de sociedades médicas e cinco da educação física. Os primeiros comunicados abordaram a higiene pessoal e de equipamentos, referentes a locais fechados e em seguida a restrição de atividade física em tais espaços, indicando o domicílio para a realização das práticas. Assim, houve predomínio da atividade física em sua vertente biológica especialmente na estimativa de afetar a função imunológica. Problematizamos os discursos a partir da noção do governo das condutas, onde indivíduos e famílias foram acionados a praticar atividade física em casa, sem garantia de instrumentalização e acesso ao conhecimento e profissionais desta área

The aim of this article is to analyze discourses produced by health institutions regarding physical activity in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (March and early April) in Brazil. A documentary study was carried out using websites of health institutions. The process were theoretical-methodological support inspired in Foucault's studies based on the intertwining notion of discourse and its impact on the conduct of the government. A total of 17 documents were compiled, three from government institutions, nine from medical societies and five from physical education institutions. The first documents addressed the personal and equipment hygiene concerning closed places, the following communications were about restricting physical activities in these places, finally recommending the performance of these activities at home. Therefore, physical activity predominated in its biological perspective, especially affecting immune function. The problematization of the discourses was carried out based on the governmentality notion in which individuals and families were triggered to practice physical activities at home without instrumentalization, access to knowledge and to physical education professionals

Soft tissue thickness in Brazilian adults of different skeletal classes and facial types: A cone beam CT - Study.

The aim in this study was to evaluate the influence of skeletal class, facial type, and sex on soft tissue thickness (STT) of the craniofacial midline in a Brazilian subpopulation. Thus, 121 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (54 males and 67 females, age 21 to 40 yrs) composed the study sample. Patients were classified according to skeletal class (class I, II, and III) and facial type (brachycephalic, mesocephalic, and dolichocephalic), and STT was measured (mm) in 10 landmarks in the craniofacial midline for each CBCT scan. Multivariate analysis of covariance evaluated facial STT with regard to multiple independent variables (sex, age - covariate, facial type, and skeletal class). TEM and rTEM assessed the intra-examiner agreement. STT was significantly greater in males than in females for all regions measured (p < 0.05), except for the pogonion-pogonion' landmark (p>0.05). In general, class III individuals had significantly thicker soft tissue in the maxilla - subspinale-subnasale', prosthion-labrale superius', and incision-stomion' regions, while class II subjects had thicker soft tissue in the infradentale-labrale inferius' mandibular landmark (p < 0.05). Regarding facial type, dolichocephalic individuals showed significantly thicker soft tissue in the supramentale-supramentale' mandibular landmark, whereas brachycephalic subjects had thicker soft tissue in maxillary regions - prosthion-labrale superius' and incision-stomion' (p < 0.05). rTEM values were below 5% for most landmarks, and all TEM values were below 1 mm. Skeletal class and facial type influence STT, showing a soft tissue compensation, with deeper soft tissue in areas with lower skeletal development, and/or where bone is positioned more posteriorly.

The Highest Chromosome Number and First Chromosome Fluorescent in situ Hybridization in the velvet worms of the family Peripatidae.

The diversity of Onychophora is poorly studied, despite there being nearly 200 described species divided in two families: Peripatidae and Peripatopsidae. Peripatid velvet worms are found mainly in the Neotropical region. The low morphological diversity in Peripatidae is an obstacle to determining its taxonomy, and chromosomal analyses can help clarify this. The aim of this work was to chromosomally analyze one species of Epiperipatus from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Conventional staining and telomeric fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed with the gonads of three males of Epiperipatus sp. The specimens showed 2n♂ = 73, the largest diploid number found in Onychophora to date, with the majority of chromosomes acro/telocentrics and the largest element submetacentric. The FISH marked the telomeric region of all elements and revealed one Interstitial Telomeric Site (ITS) on the proximal region of the long arm large submetacentric chromosome. The absence of male meiosis and female cell division in the analyzed specimens prevented us from determining whether the unpaired large submetacentric is a sex chromosome, which could lead to the description of a rare sex chromosome system (SCS) in Onychophora, or a case of fusion between autosomes. In either case, the presence of ITS is a clear indication of chromosomal fusion.

A inclusão, a escola e a subjetivação docente: analisando o contexto do município do rio grande 1 / Inclusion, school and teaching subjectivity: analyzing the context of rio grande city

RESUMO: Há uma proliferação discursiva da inclusão como algo ético e benevolente, especialmente, nos discursos educacionais. Fundamentadas no pós-estruturalismo, notamos como os jogos de saber-poder-verdade instituem regimes discursivos que constrangem os indivíduos a agirem de determinados modos, constituindo subjetividades. Objetivamos analisar os discursos acerca da inclusão escolar e perceber como eles vêm produzindo formas de ser professor. A partir da aplicação de questionários a formandos de cursos de licenciatura e professores da Educação Básica, foi possível perceber que: a) o papel atribuído à escola, muitas vezes, se resume aos processos de socialização e à adequação física e material do espaço e; b) o papel do professor é descrito a partir do que denominamos subjetividades docentes contemporâneas, traduzidas em um sujeito docente, moral, mediador e responsável pelo sucesso/fracasso da inclusão. Assim, percebemos que esses discursos constituem subjetividades docentes contemporâneas que se curvam ao pressuposto da inclusão como um imperativo de Estado.

ABSTRACT: There is a discursive proliferation of school inclusion as something ethical and benevolent, especially in educational speeches. Based on post-structuralism, we note how the relation between knowledge-power-truth establishing discursive regimes that constrain individuals to act in certain subjective ways. Thus, we aimed to analyze the discourses about school inclusion and to understand how they have produced ways of being a teacher. The work uses the application of the questionnaires to graduates from degree courses and teachers of Basic Education. The results have revealed that: a) the role assigned to school often comes down to the socialization processes and physical and material appropriateness of space and; b) the teacher's role is described from what we call contemporary teaching subjectivity, translated into a moral teacher, mediator and responsible for the success/failure of school inclusion. Therefore, we realize that these speeches are contemporary teaching subjectivity who bow to the inclusion assumption as a State imperative.

Inclusão e educação física no município de Rio Grande: reflexões sobre as percepções dos educandos com deficiência / Inclusion and physical education in Rio Grande city: reflections about perceptions of students with disabilities / Inclusión y educación física en la ciudad de Rio grande: Reflexiones sobre las percepciones de los estudiantes con Discapacidad

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar e refletir sobre as percepções dos educandos com deficiência a respeito do seu processo de inclusão nas aulas de Educação Física na rede municipal da cidade do Rio Grande/RS. Participaram do estudo três alunos dos anos finais, que têm o acompanhamento de um monitor. Realizamos três observações, registradas em diário de campo e uma entrevista semiestruturada para cada um dos entrevistados. Para análise de dados foram criadas três categorias: mecanismos de in/exclusão, processos de vigilância e a normalização do anormal. Como ferramentas teórico-metodológicas utilizamos os Estudos Foucaultianos, principalmente os conceitos que versam sobre norma, normação e normalização. Como apontamentos desta pesquisa podemos refletir sobre o modo como os processos de inclusão se instalam como um imperativo, provocando professores e monitores a trabalharem como normatizadores e normalizadores de alunos com deficiência, os quais percebem o processo como positivo. (AU)

Abstract: This article aims to identify perceptions of students with disabilities about their process of inclusion in Physical Education classes in public schools of the city of Rio Grande. Participants included three students from the final years, who were followed by monitors. Three observations recorded in a field diary and a semi-structured interview were performed for each of the respondents. Three categories were created: inclusion/ exclusion mechanisms; monitoring procedures; and normalization of the abnormal, which were analyzed based on Foucault's studies, specially concepts of norm, normation and normalization. This research looks into how inclusion processes are established as imperatives and lead teachers to work as normatizers and normalizers of students with disabilities, who perceive the process as positive. (AU)

Resumen: Ese artículo tiene por objetivo identificar y reflexionar sobre las percepciones de los educandos con deficiencia en lo que se refiere a su proceso de inclusión en las clases de Educación Física en la red pública de la ciudad de Rio Grande. Participaron del estudio tres alumnos, de los años finales, que son acompañados por un monitor. Realizamos tres observaciones, registradas en un diario de campo y una entrevista semiestructurada para cada uno de los entrevistados. Para el análisis de los datos fueron creadas tres categorías: mecanismos de in/exclusión, procesos de vigilancia y la normalización de lo anormal. Como herramientas teórico-metodológicas utilizamos los Estudios Foucaultianos, principalmente los conceptos que versan sobre norma, normatización y normalización. En esta investigación, podemos reflexionar sobre el modo en que se instalan los procesos de inclusión, como un imperativo, obligando a que profesores y monitores trabajen como normatizadores y normalizadores de estudiantes con discapacidad, que perciben el proceso como positivo. (AU)

Detecção de betalactamase de espectro estendido em isolados de enterobactérias provenientes de um hospital da Região de Santa Teresa-ES / Diagnostic of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in enterobacterial isolates from a hospital in the Region of Santa Teresa-ES

A produção das chamadas Betalactamases de espectro estendido (ESBLs) entre membros da família Enterobacteriaceae tem se tornado comum, sendo cada vez mais identificadas em pacientes hospitalizados, o que representa um importante problema de saúde pública. Detectar a produção das enzimas ESBL em enterobactérias provenientes de diferentes amostras hospitalares originadas de pacientes ambulatoriais e pacientes internados. Foram coletadas 73 amostras, sendo 45 amostras de pacientes internados e 28 de pacientes ambulatoriais de diferentes sítios, e submetidas ao teste fenotípico de disco-aproximação. Do total de amostras, 28,7% foram produtoras da enzima ESBL. A prevalência da enzima foi maior nos gêneros Escherichia sp. (43%) e Klebsiella sp. (38%) sendo a maioria dos isolados provenientes de infecção urinária. Também, 10,7% dos isolados ambulatoriais foram positivos para detecção da enzima e 5 isolados produtores de ESBL apresentaram sensibilidade no teste de triagem. A prevalência geral de produção de ESBL foi considerável, sendo que a realização de testes fenotípicos é importante para essa detecção. Além disso, a presença dessas bactérias em pacientes ambulatoriais demonstra sua disseminação para fora do ambiente hospitalar.

The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) among members of the Enterobacteriaceae family has become common, being increasingly identified in hospitalized patients, which represents a major public health issue. In order to detect the production of ESBL enzymes in enterobacteria originated from different hospital samples originated from outpatients and inpatients, a total of 73 samples were collected, being 45 samples from inpatients and 28 from outpatients from different sites. These samples were submitted to disk-approximation phenotypic testing. From the total sample, 28.7% produced the ESBL enzyme. The enzyme prevalence was higher in the Escherichia sp. (43%) and Klebsiella sp. (38%) genera, with most isolates coming from urinary tract infection. Also, 10.7% of outpatient isolates were positive for the enzyme detection, with 5 ESBL-producing isolates presenting sensitivity in the screening test. The general prevalence of ESBL production was considerable, since the conduction of phenotypic tests is important for this detection. Furthermore, the presence of these bacteria in outpatients demonstrates its dissemination out of the hospital environment.

Reliability of measurements on virtual models obtained from scanning of impressions and conventional plaster models

Aim: To evaluate the reliability of linear measurements in virtual models by comparing measurements performed on virtual models obtained from alginate impression scans, plaster model and measurements performed on conventional plaster model. Methods: The sample comprised 26 randomly selected patients to have impressions of their upper and lower jaws taken using alginate and their bite registration using a wax bite. The virtual models were obtained by scanning the alginate impression and the plaster model in a laser surface scanner (R700; 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark), and the measurements were performed using the Ortho Analyser (3Shape) proprietary software. The linear measurements of the size of the teeth mesial to distal, arch perimeter, intercanine distance and intermolar distance in the upper and lower arches were performed on plaster models, digital impressions and digital models, by three observers and repeated after 15 days on 8 models for intra-observer evaluations. Data were tabulated and analyzed statistically. Intra-class correlation to check the agreement of intra and inter-observers and ANOVA test were used to analyze the differences between measurements of digital models from impression and digital models from plaster. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference (pd"0.05) for the posterior teeth, anterior teeth, upper arch perimeter and lower inter-canine distance, comparing the digital models with plaster models, but these differences are considered clinically non-significant. Conclusions: Digital models were proven be reliable and clinically acceptable for measuring tooth width, perimeter arches, intercanine and intermolar distances.

Fusão incomum de distomolar com terceiro molar avaliado por tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico / Unusual fusion of a distomolar with a third molar assessed by cone-beam computed tomography

Os dentes supranumerários são uma anomalia e podem ser vistos em todos os quadrantes dos maxilares, com maior incidência na maxila. Quando os dentes supranumerários ocorrem distalmente ao terceiro molar, eles são denominados de dentes distomolares. Os distomolares ocorrem mais comumente unilateralmente na maxila de pessoas negras e afetam 2.2% da população. Por outro lado, a fusão ocorre pela união de dois germes dentários separados, desenvolvendo um único dente unido pela dentina e/ou pelo esmalte. A frequência de fusão de dentes permanentes e supranumerários é menor do que 0.1%, e normalmente envolve dentes anteriores da maxila. Radiografias periapicais são rotineiramente utilizadas em endodontia para o diagnóstico e planejamento pré-operatório, bem como durante o trans e pós-operatório. Entretanto, limitações relacionadas à bidimensionalidade dessa modalidade de imagens podem impedir a visualização adequada da anatomia dos canais radiculares dos dentes com variações anatômicas. O objetivo do presente relato foi descrever um caso raro de fusão por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico...

Supernumerary teeth are teeth that occur in addition to the normal series. They can be observed in all quadrants of the jaw, with highest incidence in the maxilla. When a supernumerary tooth is distal to the most posterior molar, it is called a distomolar. Distomolars are more common unilaterally, in the maxilla and in black people and affect 2.2% of the population. In contrast, fusion is the result of the union of two separate tooth germs, forming a single tooth joined by dentin and/ or enamel, and fusion of a permanent tooth with a supernumerary accounts for fewer than 0.1% of cases, usually involving anterior maxillary teeth. Periapical radiographs are routinely used for endodontic diagnosis and preoperative planning, for transoperative guidance and for postoperative follow-up. However, the two-dimensional nature of this imaging technique can impose limitations on the ability to determine the anatomy of root canals in teeth with anatomical variations. The objective of this case report is to describe a rare case of fusion of a distomolar with a third molar, assessed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)...

Systematic review of parameters of stimulation, clinical trial design characteristics, and motor outcomes in non-invasive brain stimulation in stroke.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation are two powerful non-invasive neuromodulatory therapies that have the potential to alter and evaluate the integrity of the corticospinal tract. Moreover, recent evidence has shown that brain stimulation might be beneficial in stroke recovery. Therefore, investigating and investing in innovative therapies that may improve neurorehabilitative stroke recovery are next steps in research and development. Participants/Materials and Methods: This article presents an up-to-date systematic review of the treatment effects of rTMS and tDCS on motor function. A literary search was conducted, utilizing search terms "stroke" and "transcranial stimulation." Items were excluded if they failed to: (1) include stroke patients, (2) study motor outcomes, or (3) include rTMS/tDCS as treatments. Other exclusions included: (1) reviews, editorials, and letters, (2) animal or pediatric populations, (3) case reports or sample sizes ≤2 patients, and (4) primary outcomes of dysphagia, dysarthria, neglect, or swallowing. RESULTS: Investigation of PubMed English Database prior to 01/01/2012 produced 695 applicable results. Studies were excluded based on the aforementioned criteria, resulting in 50 remaining studies. They included 1314 participants (1282 stroke patients and 32 healthy subjects) evaluated by motor function pre- and post-tDCS or rTMS. Heterogeneity among studies' motor assessments was high and could not be accounted for by individual comparison. Pooled effect sizes for the impact of post-treatment improvement revealed consistently demonstrable improvements after tDCS and rTMS therapeutic stimulation. Most studies provided limited follow-up for long-term effects. CONCLUSION: It is apparent from the available studies that non-invasive stimulation may enhance motor recovery and may lead to clinically meaningful functional improvements in the stroke population. Only mild to no adverse events have been reported. Though results have been positive results, the large heterogeneity across articles precludes firm conclusions.