Cambios en la función muscular respiratoria y periférica en niños asmáticos: efectos de los corticoides inhalados / Changes in respiratory and peripheral muscle function in asthmatic children: effects of inhaled corticoids

Introducción: El asma es la enfermedad crónica más común en los niños y los adolescentes. Las sobrecargas mecánicas intermitentes durante las crisis pueden inducir cambios funcionales en los músculos respiratorios, que experimentan fenómenos de adaptación. Este trabajo pretende evaluar el estado funcional muscular respiratorio y periférico en niños asmáticos que reciben corticoides inhalados y conocer la correlación entre la función muscular y la función respiratoria. Pacientes y métodos: Se seleccionó a 12 niños con asma mayores de 7 años de edad y tratados durante al menos 2 años con corticoides inhalados a dosis intermedias (budesonida ≥400μg o fluticasona ≥200μg) y a 7 niños controles sanos emparejados por edad. Se determinaron espirometría forzada, volúmenes pulmonares estáticos, resistencia de las vías aéreas, presiones inspiratoria y espiratoria máximas, función muscular esquelética periférica y composición corporal mediante bioimpedanciometría. Resultados: Las variables antropométricas, nutricionales y de función muscular periférica fueron equivalentes en ambos grupos. Los niños asmáticos presentaban signos de atrapamiento aéreo e hiperinsuflación pulmonar y valores de presión inspiratoria máxima más elevados. Conclusiones: No se encuentra evidencia de que los esteroides inhalados a dosis altas y de forma crónica deterioren la función muscular respiratoria o periférica en los niños asmáticos. En cambio, se encuentran signos de adaptación muscular respiratoria frente a la sobrecarga a largo plazo que supone el asma persistente. El llamado "efecto entrenamiento" aparenta estar limitado únicamente a los músculos de la inspiración (AU)

Introduction: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children and adolescents. The intermittent mechanical overloads during crises can lead to functional changes in the respiratory muscles, which experience adaptation phenomena. This article attempts to evaluate the respiratory and peripheral muscle state in asthmatic children who receive inhaled corticoids, and to find out if there is an association between muscle function and respiratory function. Patients and methods: The study involved 12 children over 7-years old with asthma and treated with inhaled corticoids for at least 2 years at intermediate doses (budesonide ≥400ug, or fluticasone ≥200ug) and 7 healthy control children paired by age. The following were determined: forced spirometry, static lung volumes, airway resistance, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, peripheral musculo-skeletal function, and body composition using bioimpedance measurements. Results: The anthropometric, nutritional variables and peripheral muscle function were similar in both groups. The asthmatic children showed signs of air trapping, lung hyperinflation, and higher maximum inspiratory pressure values. Conclusions: No evidence was found that continuous high doses of inhaled steroids lead to a deterioration in respiratory or peripheral muscle function in asthmatic children. On the other hand, signs were found of respiratory muscle adaptation to the long-term overload of persistent asthma. The so-called "training effect" seems to be limited only to the inspiratory muscles (AU)

[Changes in respiratory and peripheral muscle function in asthmatic children: effects of inhaled corticoids]. / Cambios en la función muscular respiratoria y periférica en niños asmáticos: efectos de los corticoides inhalados.

INTRODUCTION: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children and adolescents. The intermittent mechanical overloads during crises can lead to functional changes in the respiratory muscles, which experience adaptation phenomena. This article attempts to evaluate the respiratory and peripheral muscle state in asthmatic children who receive inhaled corticoids, and to find out if there is an association between muscle function and respiratory function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study involved 12 children over 7-years old with asthma and treated with inhaled corticoids for at least 2 years at intermediate doses (budesonide >or=400 microg, or fluticasone >or=200 microg) and 7 healthy control children paired by age. The following were determined: forced spirometry, static lung volumes, airway resistance, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, peripheral musculo-skeletal function, and body composition using bioimpedance measurements. RESULTS: The anthropometric, nutritional variables and peripheral muscle function were similar in both groups. The asthmatic children showed signs of air trapping, lung hyperinflation, and higher maximum inspiratory pressure values. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence was found that continuous high doses of inhaled steroids lead to a deterioration in respiratory or peripheral muscle function in asthmatic children. On the other hand, signs were found of respiratory muscle adaptation to the long-term overload of persistent asthma. The so-called "training effect" seems to be limited only to the inspiratory muscles.