RESUMEN
Quinoa is a plant commonly-resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic factors. However, this crop can be affected by phytopathogenic fungi. There is a lack of knowledge about the fungi associated with quinoa plants in Colombia. Through morphological and molecular identification in this study were identified four Fusarium species associated with quinoa crops: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium equiseti, and Fusarium culmorum. For this, we collected samples of panicles, leaf tissue, root tissue, and soil for isolation of different isolates of Fusarium. We performed a pathogenicity test of the fungi strains, under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the pathogenicity in seedlings of the Piartal cultivar with two inoculation methods. First inoculating the stem through a nodal wound or second inoculating the abaxial face with a brush. The results indicate the presence of four species with both molecular markers, phylogenetically distributed in these groups. The four species turned out to be pathogenic but with different degrees of virulence with significant differences between F. graminearum and F. oxysporum depending on the inoculation method. This is the first report on the presence of Fusarium species isolated from Quinoa in Colombia.
Asunto(s)
Chenopodium quinoa , Fusarium , Fusarium/genética , Colombia , Productos Agrícolas , VirulenciaRESUMEN
Partiendo de que los hifomicetos u hongos ingoldianos son microorganismos presentes en los ambientes acuáticos como los ríos en los cuales intervienen en la descomposición del material orgánico devolviendo la energía a los niveles superiores de la cadena trófica, pero que a pesar de su importancia son pocos los estudios realizados referente a su diversidad y presencia en estos ecosistemas, el objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los hifomicetos presentes en la cuenca alta del río Bogotá. Esto se realizó mediante la toma de muestra de espuma en los remansos de los ríos a las cuales se les realizó coloración con azul de lactofenol y observación con microscopio óptico para la identificación de los hongos ingoldianos a partir de la morfología de sus conidios con el uso de claves taxonómicas. Se identificaron un total de 10 géneros y 10 especies de las cuales 4 géneros y 7 especies son reportes nuevos para el territorio colombiano, lo cual demuestra la gran diversidad y desconocimiento que tenemos de estos microorganismos en nuestro país. (AU)
Based on the fact that hyphomycetes or ingoldian fungi are microorganisms present in aquatic environments such as rivers in which they are involved in the decomposition of organic material, returning energy to the higher levels of the trophic chain, but despite their importance, few studies have been conducted on their diversity and presence in these ecosystems, the objective of this work was to identify the hyphomycetes present in the upper Bogotá river basin. This was done by taking foam samples in the backwaters of the rivers, staining them with lactophenol blue and observing them with optical microscopy to identify the ingoldian fungi based on the morphology of their conidia with the use of taxonomic keys. A total of 10 genera and 10 species were identified, of which 4 genera and 7 species are new reports for the Colombian territory, which demonstrates the great diversity and lack of knowledge that we have of these microorganisms in our country. (AU)
