Combining thermal, tri-stereo optical and bi-static InSAR satellite imagery for lava volume estimates: the 2021 Cumbre Vieja eruption, La Palma.

Determining outline, volume and effusion rate during an effusive volcanic eruption is crucial as it is a major controlling factor of the lava flow lengths, the prospective duration and hence the associated hazards. We present for the first time a multi-sensor thermal-and-topographic satellite data analysis for estimating lava effusion rates and volume. At the 2021 lava field of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, we combine VIIRS + MODIS thermal data-based effusion rate estimates with DSMs analysis derived from optical tri-stereo Pléiades and TanDEM-X bi-static SAR-data. This multi-sensor-approach allows to overcome limitations of single-methodology-studies and to achieve both, high-frequent observation of the relative short-term effusion rate trends and precise total volume estimates. We find a final subaerial-lava volume of [Formula: see text] with a MOR of 28.8 ± 1.4 m3/s. We identify an initially sharp eruption-rate-peak, followed by a gradually decreasing trend, interrupted by two short-lived-peaks in mid/end November. High eruption rate accompanied by weak seismicity was observed during the early stages of the eruption, while during later stage the lava effusion trend coincides with seismicity. This article demonstrates the geophysical monitoring of eruption rate fluctuations, that allows to speculate about changes of an underlying pathway during the 2021 Cumbre Vieja eruption.

LUCIA: An open source device for disinfection of N95 masks using UV-C radiation.

Faced with a global pandemic such as the one triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the medical supply chain has been highly demanded. An item in which this manifested itself more clearly, are the N95 masks, designed to be disposable items, in many cases they have had to be reused. In these emergency conditions, it was necessary to apply an effective and safe method that can be used locally. Here a device for disinfection by ultraviolet C light was developed that allows irradiating N95 masks with a known and reproducible dose. Thus being able to apply a safe and effective disinfection method according to existing information. The use of a common model of UV-C lamps and the simple construction of the device allows it to be built at low cost and with widely available materials. The effectiveness of the device was demonstrated against an enveloped RNA virus, characteristics shared with the virus that causes COVID19, being capable of reducing the viral load by 4 orders of magnitude.

Unusual spontaneous porto-systemic shunt: The importance of diagnosing non-anatomical porto-systemic shunts to improve portal flow in pediatric living-related liver transplantation. Case report.

Collateral circulation secondary to liver cirrhosis may cause the development of large PSSs that may steal flow from the main portal circulation. It is important to identify these shunts prior to, or during the transplant surgery because they might cause an insufficient portal flow to the implanted graft. There are few reports of "steal flow syndrome" cases in pediatrics, even in biliary atresia patients that may have portal hypoplasia as an associated malformation. We present a 12-month-old female who received an uneventful LDLT from her mother, and the GRWR was 4.8. During the early post-operative period, she became hemodynamically unstable, developed ascites, and altered LFT. The post-operative ultrasound identified reversed portal flow, finding a non-anatomical PSS. A 3D CT scan confirmed the presence of a mesocaval shunt through the territory of the right gonadal vein, draining into the right iliac vein, with no portal inflow into the liver. The patient was re-operated, and the shunt was ligated. An intraoperative Doppler ultrasound showed adequate portal inflow after the procedure; the patient evolved satisfactorily and was discharged home on day number 49. The aim was to report a case of post-operative steal syndrome in a pediatric recipient due to a mesocaval shunt not diagnosed during the pretransplant evaluation.

A framework for SAR-optical stereogrammetry over urban areas.

Currently, numerous remote sensing satellites provide a huge volume of diverse earth observation data. As these data show different features regarding resolution, accuracy, coverage, and spectral imaging ability, fusion techniques are required to integrate the different properties of each sensor and produce useful information. For example, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data can be fused with optical imagery to produce 3D information using stereogrammetric methods. The main focus of this study is to investigate the possibility of applying a stereogrammetry pipeline to very-high-resolution (VHR) SAR-optical image pairs. For this purpose, the applicability of semi-global matching is investigated in this unconventional multi-sensor setting. To support the image matching by reducing the search space and accelerating the identification of correct, reliable matches, the possibility of establishing an epipolarity constraint for VHR SAR-optical image pairs is investigated as well. In addition, it is shown that the absolute geolocation accuracy of VHR optical imagery with respect to VHR SAR imagery such as provided by TerraSAR-X can be improved by a multi-sensor block adjustment formulation based on rational polynomial coefficients. Finally, the feasibility of generating point clouds with a median accuracy of about 2 m is demonstrated and confirms the potential of 3D reconstruction from SAR-optical image pairs over urban areas.

Prevalencia de enfermedades hepáticas en una población rural de alta montaña: estudio clínico, bioquímico y ecográfico / Prevalence of liver diseases in a small rural community isolated in tne mountain heights: clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic study

En este estudio clínico, bioquímico y ecográfico se evaluó la prevalencia de hepatopatías en Lara, una comunidad rural aislada de alta montaña en Tucumán, provincia con la máxima prevalencia de infección por HAV en niños de Argentina. Lara carece de agua potable, electricidad y cloacas. Se estudiaron 102 habitantes, lo que representa el 41% de la población. El anti-HBc y anti-HCV fueron negativos en todos los casos. Ningún niño presentó anormalidades hepáticas. El 41% de los adultos refirió ingesta alcohólica y el 12% transfusiones. Se observó incremento leve de ALT en 3 casos (6%). La ecografía demostró esteatosis en 8 individuos (16%), litiasis vesicular en 7 (14%), microcalcificaciones en 5 (10%) y quistes de aspecto parasitario en 4 (8%). La prevalencia de infección por HAV en Lara fue de 89% en adultos y 35% en niños, siendo significativamente menor que la de los niños de la ciudad de Tucumán con nivel socioeconómico medio / alto (53%, p = 0.05) o bajo (74%, p = 0.0006). La diferencia fue más evidente en niños menores de 5 años (0%, 53% y 75% respectivamente). La serología para hidatidosis fue positiva en 3/4 individuos con quistes, 2/5 con microcalcificaciones y 17/85 (20%) con ecografía normal, lo que sugiere que la técnica de Elisa utilizada se asocia a frecuentes resultados falsos positivos. El estudio poblacional de Lara demostró una elevada prevalencia de esteatosis, litiasis vesicular e hidatidosis en adultos, ausencia de infección por HBV y HCV, y una baja exposición al HAV en niños, especialmente en menores de 5 años.

The goal of this population-based clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic study was to assess the prevalence of liver diseases in Lara, a small rural community isolated in the mountain heights of Tucumán, a Province of Argentina with the highest reported rates of HAV infection in children. Inhabitants of Lara lack electricity, potable water and a sewer system. The study included 102 individuals representing 41% of the total population. Anti-HBc and anti-HCV were negative in all cases. No children showed clinical, biochemical or ecographic abnormalities. Among adults, 41% referred alcohol consumption and 12% blood transfusions. Only 3 adults (6%) had mildly elevated ALT. Ultrasound showed steatosis in 8 individuals (16%), gallstones in 7 (14%), parenchymal micro-calcifications in 5 (10%) and parasitic cysts in 4 (8%). Prevalence of HAV infection in Lara was 89% in adults and 35% in children, being significantly lower than that of children of medium/high (53%, p=0.05) and low (74%, p=0.0006) socioeconomic level from the city of Tucumán (control groups). These differences were more marked in children aged <5 years (anti-HAV in 0%, 53% y 75% respectively). Serologic tests for echinoccocal disease were positive in 3/4 individuals with parasitic cysts, 2/5 with micro-calcifications and 17/85 (20%) with normal ultrasound, thus suggesting a high rate of false-positive results of the Elisa test utilized. This study showed that in Lara there is a high prevalence of steatosis, gallstones and equinoccocal disease in adults, absenceof HBV and HCV infection and low exposure to HAV in children especially in those aged <5 years.

[Prevalence of liver diseases in a small rural community isolated in the mountain heights: clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic study]. / Prevalencia de enfermedades hepáticas en una población rural de alta montaña: estudio clínico, bioquímico y ecográfico.

The goal of this population-based clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic study was to assess the prevalence of liver diseases in Lara, a small rural community isolated in the mountain heights of Tucumán, a Province of Argentina with the highest reported rates of HAV infection in children. Inhabitants of Lara lack electricity, potable water and a sewer system. The study included 102 individuals representing 41% of the total population. Anti-HBc and anti-HCV were negative in all cases. No children showed clinical, biochemical or ecographic abnormalities. Among adults, 41% referred alcohol consumption and 12% blood transfusions. Only 3 adults (6%) had mildly elevated ALT. Ultrasound showed steatosis in 8 individuals (16%), gallstones in 7 (14%), parenchymal micro-calcifications in 5 (10%) and parasitic cysts in 4 (8%). Prevalence of HAV infection in Lara was 89% in adults and 35% in children, being significantly lower than that of children of medium/high (53%, p = 0.05) and low (74%, p = 0.0006) socioeconomic level from the city of Tucumán (control groups). These differences were more marked in children aged < 5 years (anti-HAV in 0%, 53% and 75% respectively). Serologic tests for echinoccocal disease were positive in 3/4 individuals with parasitic cysts, 2/5 with micro-calcifications and 17/85 (20%) with normal ultrasound, thus suggesting a high rate of false-positive results of the Elisa test utilized. This study showed that in Lara there is a high prevalence of steatosis, gallstones and equinoccocal disease in adults, absence of HBVand HCV infection and low exposure to HAV in children especially in those aged < 5 years.