Tomographic finiings of gastric gastrointestina stromal tumor and correlation with the mitotic index / Aspectos tomograficos do tumor estromal gastrointestinal de origem gastrica e correlacao com indice mitotico

Context Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are uncommon abdominal neoplasms and can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract. Objectives Describe the tomographic findings of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor of gastric origin, correlating it with the mitotic index. Methods Twenty-one patients were selected within the period of January 2000 and 2008, with histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors, who presented computed tomography done before the treatment. The tomographic variables analyzed were lesion topography, dimensions, contours, morphology, pattern and intensity enhancement through venous contrast, growth pattern, invasion of adjacent organs, presence of ulceration, fistula, calcifications, infiltration of mesenteric fat, lymphadenopathy and metastasis. The mitotic index was determined through optic microscopy, counting the number of mitosis figures in 50 high power fields. Results The tumors were located in the body (66.7%) or gastric fundus (33.3%), with dimensions varying between 4.2 and 21.2 cm (average of 10.5 cm). The growth was predominantly extraluminal (47.6%) or intra/extra luminal (28.6%). The enhancement by venous contrast was heterogeneous in 66.7%. The statistical analysis showed that irregular morphology (P = 0.027) and infiltration of mesenteric fat (P = 0.012) presented correlation with the high mitotic index. Conclusions In the present study, most part of the tumors were located in the gastric body, with average size of 10.5 cm, presenting central hypo dense area, heterogeneous enhancement through contrast and predominantly extra luminal growth. Irregular morphology and infiltration of mesenteric fat present statistical correlation with high mitotic level. .

Contexto Tumores estromais gastrointestinais são neoplasias raras e podem acometer qualquer segmento do trato gastrointestinal. A tomografia computadorizada é o método de imagem mais importante na detecção e caracterização do tumor. Objetivos Descrever os achados tomográficos do tumor estromal gastrointestinal de origem gástrica, correlacionando com o índice mitótico. Métodos No período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2008, foram selecionados 21 pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico e imunohistoquímico de tumor estromal gastrointestinal, que apresentavam tomografia computadorizada realizada anteriormente ao tratamento. As variáveis tomográficas analisadas foram topografia da lesão, dimensões, contornos, morfologia, padrão e intensidade do realce pelo meio de contraste venoso, padrão de crescimento, invasão de órgãos adjacentes, presença de ulceração, fístula, calcificações, infiltração da gordura mesentérica, linfonodomegalias e metástases. O índice mitótico foi determinado através de microscopia óptica, com contagem do número de figuras de mitoses em 50 campos de grande aumento. Resultados Os tumores foram localizados no corpo (66,7%) ou fundo gástrico (33,3%), com dimensões variando entre 4,2 e 21,2 cm (média de 10,5 cm). O crescimento foi predominantemente extraluminal (47,6%) ou intra/extraluminal (28,6%). O realce pelo contraste venoso foi heterogêneo em 66.7%. A análise estatística mostrou que morfologia irregular (P = 0.027) e infiltração da gordura mesentérica (P = 0,012) apresentaram correlação com índice mitótico elevado. Conclusões No presente estudo, a maioria dos tumores localizava-se no corpo gástrico, com tamanho médio de 10.5 cm, ...

Tomographic findings of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor and correlation with the mitotic index.

CONTEXT: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are uncommon abdominal neoplasms and can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract. OBJECTIVES: Describe the tomographic findings of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor of gastric origin, correlating it with the mitotic index. METHODS: Twenty-one patients were selected within the period of January 2000 and 2008, with histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors, who presented computed tomography done before the treatment. The tomographic variables analyzed were lesion topography, dimensions, contours, morphology, pattern and intensity enhancement through venous contrast, growth pattern, invasion of adjacent organs, presence of ulceration, fistula, calcifications, infiltration of mesenteric fat, lymphadenopathy and metastasis. The mitotic index was determined through optic microscopy, counting the number of mitosis figures in 50 high power fields. RESULTS: The tumors were located in the body (66.7%) or gastric fundus (33.3%), with dimensions varying between 4.2 and 21.2 cm (average of 10.5 cm). The growth was predominantly extraluminal (47.6%) or intra/extra luminal (28.6%). The enhancement by venous contrast was heterogeneous in 66.7%. The statistical analysis showed that irregular morphology (P = 0.027) and infiltration of mesenteric fat (P = 0.012) presented correlation with the high mitotic index. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, most part of the tumors were located in the gastric body, with average size of 10.5 cm, presenting central hypo dense area, heterogeneous enhancement through contrast and predominantly extra luminal growth. Irregular morphology and infiltration of mesenteric fat present statistical correlation with high mitotic level.

Conduta das funcionárias de um hospital na adesão ao programa de prevenção do câncer de mama / Adherence of a hospital female personnel to a breast cancer prevention program

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adesão das funcionárias de um hospital em um programa de prevenção do câncer de mama por meio da mamografia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O estudo contou com 91 funcionárias analisadas por meio de questionário e acompanhamento da periodicidade da mamografia de 2000 até 2009. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 247 mamografias. Quarenta e oito funcionárias informaram obedecer à periodicidade do exame, e dessas, 12,6% realizaram o exame por solicitação médica, 47,9% por conhecerem a importância do exame, 4,1% por terem casos de câncer na família e 35,4% por rotina. Quarenta e três funcionárias não obedeceram à periodicidade do exame, sendo que 37,3% não fazem por não terem solicitação médica, 20,9% por não conseguirem pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, 18,6% por medo, 23,2% por não conhecerem a importância. CONCLUSÃO: A adesão ao programa foi baixa. As funcionárias desse hospital não têm conhecimento sobre a prevenção do câncer de mama.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adherence of a hospital female personnel to a program for breast cancer prevention by means of mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was developed with 91 female workers evaluated by means of a questionnaire and follow-up of the periodicity of mammographic studies in the period from 2000 to 2009. RESULTS: A total of 247 mammography studies were performed. Compliance with the periodicity schedule was informed by 48 of the participants, 12.6% of them by medical request, 47.9% because they were aware of the relevance of such study, 4.1% because of previous family history of cancer, and 35.4% as a clinical routine. Forty-three participants did not comply with the periodicity schedule, 37.3% of them because they had not a medical request, 20.9% because they could not have it done through the Sistema Único de Saúde (Brazilian Unified Health System), 18.6% for fear, and 23.2% due to unawareness about the relevance of such an examination. CONCLUSION: The participation in the program was low. The adherence to the program was poor in the hospital because of the unawareness about breast cancer prevention.

Síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome: a case report and literature review

Os autores descrevem o caso de uma paciente jovem com amenorreia primária e caracteres sexuais secundários normais. A investigação diagnóstica constatou a ocorrência da síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser.

The authors describe the case of a young female patient with primary amenorrhea and normal secondary sexual characteristics. The diagnostic investigation demonstrated the occurrence of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser's syndrome.

[Comparative study between different radiographic plans in knee osteoarthritis]. / Estudo comparativo entre incidências radiográficas para a osteoartrose do joelho.

UNLABELLED: Perform a comparative analysis (with the criteria of Ahlbäck original classification) of the anteroposterior (AP) weight-bearing radiograph of knee in extension and of Rosenberg(2) view, in symptomatic arthritic knees. The analysis aims at revealing agreement or disagreement between (AP) view and Rosenberg view and the degree of articular degeneration and the advantages of these views. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2005 to March 2007, a prospective study was conducted with 76 selected patients (111 arthritic knees) attending the outpatient clinic, at the knee unit, and subjected to the radiographs proposed in the present study. Of the total number of patients (76), 52 were females and 24 males, having an average age of 62 (range, 50- 82 years). 41 patients had unilateral degeneration and 35 patients had bilateral degeneration. Of the total number of assessed knees (111), 66 were right knees and 45 were left knees. The study used the Kappa statistical analysis, which assesses interobserver agreement of qualitative data. RESULTS: According to the Ahlbäck score, there was agreement between the orthopedist and the radiologist in 98.2% of cases in the AP weight-bearing view, and in 88.3% in the Rosenberg view. A highly significant agreement on both views between the orthopedist and the radiologist was noticed. However, the degree of agreement was higher for the AP weigh-bearing view than for the Rosenberg view. According to the Ahlbäck score, the AP weight-bearing view agreed with the Rosenberg view in only 27% of the cases for the orthopaedist, and in 31.5% for the radiologist. No significant agreement was found between the AP weight-bearing view and the Rosenberg view for the orthopedist and the radiologist. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant disagreement between experts concerning the classification of knee osteoarthritis, according to the Ahlbäck score, both for the AP weight-bearing view and the Rosenberg view. There is no agreement between the views, concerning the classification of knee osteoarthritis, both for the orthopedist and the radiologist, the Rosenberg view having shown more clearly the degree of articular degeneration. The posteroanterior view of Rosenberg provided a better assessment of degeneration of the articular surface, which in some cases led to a change in the classification of knee osteoarthritis and was routinely used.

Sentinel lymph node identification in breast cancer: a comparison study of deep versus superficial injection of radiopharmaceutical.

OBJECTIVES: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been performed for purposes of disease staging. SLN is usually located in the axillary region and internal mammary chain (IMC). Metastasis in internal mammary nodes can be an important prognostic factor and an indication for systemic treatment in patients with small carcinomas. The SLNB technique continues to evolve and the proper radiopharmaceutical injection route remains under discussion. This study evaluated the success rate of deep injection to identify axillary and extra-axillary SLNs and compared the results with superficial injection technique. METHODS: Forty-six patients diagnosed with breast cancer (stages I and II) were submitted to radiopharmaceutical injection. Deep injection of technetium-99m-dextran 500 was carried out in 20 patients (group A) and periareolar injection of technetium-99m-phytate was carried out in 26 patients (group B). All SLNs were studied by imprint cytology and hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: SLN identification rate was 76.1% (35 of 46). The SLN identification rate was 75% (15 of 20) for group A and 76.9% (20 of 26) for group B. Axillary SLNs were identified in 65% (13 of 20) of group A and 76.9% (20 of 26) of group B, with no statistical difference (P = 0.75). Extra-axillary SLNs were only identified in group A, and IMC was the principal extra-axillary location. CONCLUSION: Deep injection of radiopharmaceutical achieved a good SLN identification rate in axillary and extra-axillary locations and it is an important method for detecting IMC sentinel nodes.

Carcinoma medular da mama: correlação anátomo-radiológica / Medullary breast carcinoma: anatomo-radiological correlation", "_i": "en

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características radiológicas do câncer de mama medular em pacientes submetidas atratamento cirúrgico no Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) û Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, correlacionando os achados com estudo histopatológico. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo descritivo retrospectivo de mulheres submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico no INCA, no período de janeiro de 1997 adezembro de 2006, para identificação das pacientes com carcinoma medular e análise dos achados radiológicos.RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 21.287 pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma neste período, sendo 76 pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma medular típico (0,357%). Nessas pacientes selecionadas, a idade média foi de 51,9 anos (32 a 81 anos). Dezenove pacientes apresentavam lesão na mamografia, sendo 17 (89,5%) nódulos e 2 assimetrias focais (10,5%). Entre as pacientes com nódulo, 15 (88,1%) apresentavam alta densidade e 2 eram isodensos (11,9%). Doze pacientes apresentavam achados ultra-sonográficos e, destas, 11 (91,6%) apresentavam nódulos hipoecóicos. Foi observada uma paciente com nóduloanecóico com áreas de degeneração cística. CONCLUSÃO: O nódulo foi o achado radiológico dominante (89,5%), dos quais 88,1% apresentaram nódulos com alta densidade e margens circunscritas. Apesar das características radiológicas de benignidade, um nódulo com alta densidade, sólido, margens circunscritas e crescimento rápido deve ser investigado para confirmar o diagnóstico.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate radiological findings in patients submitted to surgical treatment for medullary breast cancer at Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, correlating them with histological results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was developed with patients submitted to surgery at INCA, in the period from January 1997 to December 2006, for identifying the presence of medullary breast carcinoma and analyzing radiological findings. RESULTS: Among 21,287 patients diagnosed with carcinoma, 76 (0.357%) had typical medullary breast carcinoma. The age range of these patients was 32û81 years (mean = 59.1 years). Mammography demonstrated lesions in 19 of these patients, 17 (89.5%) of them with masses, and 2 with focal asymmetry. Among the patients with masses, 15 (88.1%) presented with high density and 2 (11.9%) with isodensity. Twelve patients presented sonographic findings, 11 (91.6%) of them with hypoechoic masses, and one with an anechoic mass with areas of cystic degeneration. CONCLUSION: Nodular mass was the predominant radiological finding (89.5%), 88.1% of them corresponding to masses with high density and circumscribed margins. Despite the radiological characteristics of benignity, a solid, fastgrowing, highly dense mass with circumscribed margins should be further investigated to confirm the diagnosis.

Aspectos tomográficos do tumor estromal gastrintestinal de origem gástrica: estudo de 14 casos / Tomographic findings of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a 14-case study

OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados tomográficos do tumor estromal gastrintestinal de origem gástrica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: No período de janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2006, foram selecionados 14 pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico de tumor estromal gastrintestinal gástrico que apresentavam tomografia computadorizada realizada anteriormente ao tratamento. As variáveis tomográficas analisadas foram: topografia da lesão, dimensões, homogeneidade, contornos, limites, morfologia, padrão e intensidade do realce pelo meio de contraste venoso, padrão de crescimento, invasão de órgãos adjacentes, presença de ulceração, fístula, calcificações, infiltração da gordura mesentérica, linfonodomegalias e metástases a distância. RESULTADOS: Os tumores foram localizados no corpo (57,1 por cento) ou fundo gástrico (42,9 por cento), com dimensões variando entre 6,0 e 23,0 cm (média de 11,5 cm). O crescimento foi predominantemente extraluminal (57,1 por cento) ou intra/extraluminal (35,7 por cento). O realce pelo contraste venoso foi discreto em 50 por cento dos casos, moderado em 50 por cento e heterogêneo em 64,3 por cento. Foram ainda observadas hipodensidade central em 64,3 por cento dos casos, invasão de órgãos adjacentes em 42,9 por cento e metástases hepáticas em 7,2 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: No presente estudo, a maioria dos tumores localizava-se no corpo gástrico, com tamanho médio de 11,5 cm, apresentando área hipodensa central, realce heterogêneo pelo meio de contraste e crescimento predominantemente extraluminal.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the tomographic findings of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with histopathologically and immunohistochemically confirmed gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors, who had already been submitted to computed tomography scans before the treatment, were evaluated in the period between January 1999 and December 2006. The following tomographic variables were analyzed: lesion topography, size/dimensions, homogeneity, contour, margins, morphology, pattern and intravenous contrast-enhancement intensity, growth pattern, invasion of adjacent organs, presence of ulceration, fistula, calcifications, mesenteric fat infiltration, lymphadenomegaly and presence of distant metastasis. RESULTS: Tumors were found in the body (57.1 percent) or in the gastric fundus (42.9 percent), with sizes ranging between 6.0 cm and 23.0 cm (mean, 11.5 cm). Predominantly extraluminal growth was observed in 57.1 percent of cases and intra/extraluminal in 35.7 percent. Subtle contrast-enhancement was observed in 50 percent, moderate in 50 percent, and heterogeneous in 64.3 percent of cases. Additionally, central hypodensity was observed in 64.3 percent, invasion of adjacent organs in 42.9 percent, and hepatic metastasis in 7.2 percent of cases. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the majority of tumors were found in the gastric body, with an average size of 11.5 cm, presenting with central hypodensity, heterogeneous contrast-enhancement and predominantly extraluminal growth.

Ressonância magnética no estadiamento dos tumores de colo uterino / Magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of cervical cancer

O câncer de colo uterino é a maior causa de morte entre mulheres em todo o mundo, notadamente nos países em desenvolvimento. A Federação Internacional de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia preconiza o estadiamento durante o ato operatório, porém nos casos mais avançados a abordagem terapêutica não é cirúrgica. Nestes casos, o estadiamento, em geral, é feito com o exame clínico ginecológico e exames básicos de imagem. Entretanto, essa forma de abordagem não expressa a real extensão da doença e não inclui importantes fatores prognósticos como volume tumoral, invasão estromal e acometimento linfonodal. A ressonância magnética está sendo cada vez mais utilizada para este fim, pois nos estádios iniciais seu desempenho pode ser comparado aos achados intra-operatórios e nos estádios avançados se mostra superior em relação à avaliação clínica. A ressonância magnética apresenta excelente resolução para diversas densidades das estruturas pélvicas, não utiliza radiação ionizante, é confortável, melhora o estadiamento, permite a detecção precoce de recidiva e a identificação de fatores prognósticos fidedignos que contribuem na decisão e predição dos resultados terapêuticos, com excelente custo-efetividade. Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar os aspectos da ressonância magnética mais importantes no estadiamento desta doença.

Cervical cancer is the worldwide leading cause of cancer-related death of women, especially in developing countries. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics recommends staging during surgery, however, surgical-pathologic staging would not be feasible in cases of more advanced cancers. Generally, in these cases, the staging is performed by means of clinical and gynecological examination and basic imaging studies. However, such an approach fails to demonstrate the actual extent of the disease, and does not include significant prognostic factors such as tumor volume, stromal invasion and lymph node involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging has increasingly been utilized in cervical cancer staging, since at early stages of the disease its performance may be compared to intraoperative findings and, at advanced stages, it shows to be superior to the clinical evaluation. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging presents an excellent imaging resolution for the different densities of pelvic structures, does not require ionizing radiation, is comfortable for the patient, improves de staging, allowing the early detection of recurrence and the identification of reliable prognostic factors which contribute to the therapeutic decision making process and results prediction with an excellent cost-effectiveness. The present article is aimed at reviewing the most significant aspects of magnetic resonance imaging in the cervical cancer staging.

Câncer de mama em mulheres até 40 anos: aspectos radiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos / Breast cancer in women of 40 years of age or younger: radiological, clinical and histopathologic findings

OBJETIVO: Verificar a incidência de cancêr de mama em mulheres com idade igual e inferior a 40 anos e com achados mamográficos suspeitos e altamente suspeitos, além de descrever os achados clínicos e anatomopatológicos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de 1.348 prontuários e mamografias, para identificação daquelas categorizadas como IV e V e análise dos achados mamográficos, clínicos e hiostopatológicos. RESULTADOS: A comprovação histopatológica de câncer de mama ocorreu em 2,0 dos casos, sendo que a faixa etária predominante foi dos 36 aos 40 anos (63,0). houve predomínio da doença em multíparas (55,6). A história familiar foi negativa em 92,6 dos casos. Em 77,8 das pacientes os corpos mamários foram classificados como densos e heterogeneamente densos. CONCLUSÃO: O nódulo foi o achado clínico e radiológico dominante (74,1) e o carcinoma ductal infiltrante foi o tipo histológico mais comum (96,3). O valor preditivo positivo da mamografia em relação às categorias IV e V correspondeu a 33,3 e 92,3, respectivamente.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of breast cancer in women of 40 years of age or yonger presenting with suspected and highly suspected mammographic findings, and to describe the clinical and histopathologic findings. MATERIAL E METHOD: This retrospective study of 1,348 patient records and mammographies was conducted to identify cases classified as IV or V and to analyze mammographic, clinical and histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Breast cancer was confirmed by histopathologic analysis in 2.0 of the cases and the most frequent age class was women aged 36-40 years (63.0). The condition was predominantly seen in multiparous women (55.6). Family history was negative in 92.6 of the cases. Parenchymal patterns were classified as dense and dense heterogeneous in 77.8 of the patients. CONCLUSION: The most frequent clinical and radiological findings observed were nodules (74.1) whereas infiltrative ductal carcinoma was the most common histological type (96.3). The positive predictive value of mammography for categories IV and V was 33.3 and 92.3, respectively.

Efeito da terapia de reposição hormonal sobre a densidade mamária avaliada pela mamografia / Effect of hormonal replacement therapy on breast density screened through mammography

Objetivo: obsevar alterações na densidade mamária à mamografia relcionada à terapia de reposição hormonal. Método: foram avaliadas 108 mulheres sem terapia prévia com, no mínimo, doze meses da menopausa e divididas em três grupos. Três preparados hormonais (um combinado contínuo, um combinado cíclico e um estrogênio isolado) foram utilizados com mamografias realizadas antes e após seis semanas da medicação. Resultado: os três praparados utilizados na terapia de reposição hormonal aumentaram a densidade mamária avaliadas pela mamografia. Este aumento correspondeu a 46,29 por cento, com o maior ocorrendo no grupo do combinado contínuo. Conclusão: A terapia de reposição hormonal aumenta a densidade mamária precocemente, parecendo variar de acordo com o esquema utilizado.

Tomografia computadorizada nos implantes dentários intra-ósseos / Computerized tomography of intra-bony dental implants

Neste estudo está descrito o uso da tomografia computadorizada (TC) como uma opçäo de exame näo convencional para o planejamento pré-cirúrgico dos implantes dentários intra-ósseos. Os objetivos foram discutir a eficácia da TC, apresentar suas principais indicaçöes e apontar as vantagens e desvantagens deste método. Os resultados foram obtidos a partir da avaliaçäo de 30 exames de TC, onde foram levantadas medidas de altura e espessura óssea, quantidade e qualidade ósseas. A conclusäo mostrou que a TC com a reformataçäo de imagem possibilitou ao implantologista obter com precisäo a densidade óssea e a localização das estruturas anatômicas nobres

Cicatriz radial/lesão esclerosante complexa: aspectos radiológicos com correlação clínica, ultra-sonográfica e anatomopatológica / Radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion: radiologic features with clinical, ultrasonographic and pathologic correlation

OBJETIVO: Estudar, retrospectivamente, as várias formas de apresentação da cicatriz radial/lesão esclerosante complexa (CR/LEC) na mamografia, correlacionando-as com o exame clínico e os achados ultra-sonográficos. Os achados histopatológicos e a associação da CR/LEC com hiperplasia atípica e carcinoma são discutidos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de 926 lesões impalpáveis em 901 pacientes submetidas a biópsia excisional após localização pré-cirúrgica, do arquivo do Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagem e do Hospital Santa Rita, Vitória, ES, no período de outubro de 1993 a dezembro de 2001, nas quais 57 pacientes tiveram diagnóstico histopatológico de CR/LEC. RESULTADOS: A idade variou de 31 a 84 anos (média de 49 anos). As lesões foram palpáveis em dez casos. Na mamografia, 48 casos se apresentaram como distorção arquitetural, e com a mesma freqüência o nódulo espiculado e a densidade assimétrica, quatro casos cada. As microcalcificações foram detectadas na mamografia em 14 casos e em 20 quando o espécime cirúrgico foi avaliado. A ultra-sonografia foi realizada em 51 casos, tendo expressão em 17 como área hipoecóica irregular com atenuação acústica posterior. Houve 42 casos de CR/LEC sem ou com proliferação típica, nove casos com proliferação epitelial atípica e seis casos com carcinoma infiltrativo associado. CONCLUSÃO: Não é possível fazer diagnóstico diferencial de CR/LEC com câncer pelos métodos de imagem e a biópsia excisional deve ser realizada

OBJECTIVE: To review the different types of radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion (RS/CSL) seen on clinical, mammography, and ultrasound examinations. The histopathology findings and the association of RS/CSL with atypical hyperplasia and malignancy are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients from the files of the "Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagem and Hospital Santa Rita" - Vitória, ES, Brazil, of the period between October, 1993 and December, 2001. A total of 926 non-palpable lesions of 901 patients submitted to excision biopsy after pre-surgical localization were studied. Fifty-seven patients had pathology proven RS/CSL diagnosis. RESULTS: The age of the patients ranged from 31 to 84 years (average 49 years). There were palpable lesions in 10 patients (17.9%). The mammographic signs that suggested the need of biopsy were divided into three groups: architectural distortion (48 patients; 85.7%), stellate nodules (4 patients; 7.1%), and asymmetric densities (4 patients; 7.1%). Microcalcifications were detected by mammography alone in 14 patients (25%) and in the surgical specimen in 20 (35.7%) patients. Among 51 patients submitted to ultrasound, 17 had irregular hypoechoic areas with posterior acoustic shadowing. Of the 57 patients with RS/CSL, 42 had ductal hyperplasia, 9 had atypical ductal proliferation and 6 had infiltrative carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Differential diagnosis of RS/CSL from carcinomas can not be made using imaging methods and excision biopsy is mandatory