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Objective:To assess the impact of reducing the mesh density on the overall volume and trueness of single-crown restora-tions.Methods:15 single-crown restorations were included,and their mesh density in 3D software was simplified by 75%,50%,25%,10%and 5%respectively.The overal volume,file size and mesh edge length of the restorations with different reduction levels were compared.Deviation analysis was conducted by curving clipping the area of the shoulder,tissue surface(except for the shoulder)and occlusal surface of the restorations and compared with those of the corresponding regions in the non-simplified restorations.Trueness was assessed using the root mean square(RMS)values for the volume and trueness of different areas.Results:Reducing the mesh den-sity did not significantly affect the overal volume of the single-crown restorations(P>0.05),but it had a significant impact on the file size(P<0.001),mesh edge length(P<0.001)and the trueness of the shoulder(P<0.001),tissue surface(except for the shoulder)(P<0.001)and occlusal surface(P<0.001)areas.Conclusion:Reducing the mesh density had little impact on the overall volume of the restorations but significantly affected their trueness.
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Climate change could be an existential threat to many crops. Drought and heat stress are becoming harder for cultivated crops. Cotton in Pakistan is grown under natural high temperature and low moisture, could be used as a source of heat and drought tolerance. Therefore, the study was conducted to morphological, physiological and molecular characterization of cotton genotypes under field conditions. A total of 25 cotton genotypes were selected from the gene pool of Pakistan based on tolerance to heat and drought stress. In field trail, the stress related traits like boll retention percentage, plant height, number of nodes and inter-nodal distance were recorded. In physiological assessment, traits such as photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf temperature, relative water content and excised leaf water loss were observed. At molecular level, a set of 19 important transcription factors, controlling drought/heat stress tolerance (HSPCB, GHSP26, HSFA2, HSP101, HSP3, DREB1A, DREB2A, TPS, GhNAC2, GbMYB5, GhWRKY41, GhMKK3, GhMPK17, GhMKK1, GhMPK2, APX1, HSC70, ANNAT8, and GhPP2A1) were analyzed from all genotypes. Data analyses depicted that boll retention percentage, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, relative water content under the stress conditions were associated with the presence of important drought & heat TF/genes which depicts high genetic potential of Pakistani cotton varieties against abiotic stress. The variety MNH-886 appeared in medium plant height, high boll retention percentage, high relative water content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and with maximum number transcription factors under study. The variety may be used as source material for heat and drought tolerant cotton breeding. The results of this study may be useful for the cotton breeders to develop genotype adoptable to environmental stresses under climate change scenario.
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From January 2016 to December 2020, 6 cases of polyps in the appendix cavity with a diameter of 0.3-1.3 cm were treated by endoscopy in the Department of Gastroenterology of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. All 6 cases underwent endoscopic treatment successfully, including 3 cases of en bloc endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 1 case of piecemeal EMR, 1 case of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 1 case of removed by cold forceps. No complications such as bleeding, perforation, infection or acute appendicitis occurred.The wound healed well with no recurrence after re-examination in 3 cases, and 3 others were not re-examined by colonoscopy yet. The results preliminarily confirmed that endoscopic treatment of intraluminal polyps in the appendix cavity is safe and effective.
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The synthesis and decomposition of glycogen adjust the blood glucose dynamically to maintain the energy supply required by the cells. As the only hormone that lowers blood sugar in the body, insulin can promote glycogen synthesis by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and increasing glucose transporter translocation, and inhibit gluconeogenesis to lower blood glucose. In the endometrium, glycogen metabolism is active, but gluconeogenesis does not occur. The glycogen metabolism in the endometrium is controlled not only by the classical glucose regulating hormones, but also by the ovarian hormones. The functional activities related to implantation of the endometrium during the implantation window require glucose as energy source. A large amount of glucose is used to synthesize glycogen in the endometrium before implantation, which could meet the increased energy demand for embryo implantation. In diabetes, glycogen metabolism in the endometrium is impaired, which frequently leads to implantation failure and early abortion. This article reviews the glycogen metabolism in the endometrium and discusses its role in embryo implantation, which provide new ideas for embryo implantation research and infertility treatment.
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Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Glucemia/metabolismo , Implantación del Embrión , Endometrio , Glucosa/metabolismo , Glucógeno/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
A visualized, rapid, simple method was developed based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect Vibrio splendidus in aquatic products and aquaculture waters. TakingVibrio splendidus as the research object, and the toxR gene of Vibrio splendidus as the target gene, the boiling method was determined as a fast method suitable for the genomic DNA extraction of Vibriosplendidus. The optimized and screened primers could specifically detect Vibrio splendidus, and the sensitivity of nucleic acid concentration detection could reach 10
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Clinical data of 28 patients diagnosed with retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) in Shanxi Bethune Hospital from September 2014 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 males and 12 female with a mean onset age of (56±11) years. The clinical manifestations were lumbago (16/28, 57.14%), abdominal pain (9/28, 32.14%) and back pain (8/28, 28.57%). Inflammatory indexes were elevated in 25 cases (89.29%), and 3 cases had renal insufficiency. Serum IgG4 was elevated in 3 cases (10.71%). Scheel imaging evaluation showed that proportion of type Ⅰ combined with type Ⅲ (abdominal aorta and/or iliac vascular involvement combined with unilateral or bilateral ureteral involvement) was the highest(50.00%, 14/28). followed by. Twenty-seven patients (96.43%) were treated with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants; 14 patients (50.00%) underwent surgical intervention for ureteral obstruction or hydronephrosis; 6 patients (21.43%) relapsed during hormone withdrawal; 6 patients (21.43%) recovered from the disease and terminated medication; and 13 patients (46.43%) successfully removed the double J tube after lifting ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis. It is suggested that RPF is more likely to occur in middle-aged and elderly men, with low back pain as the main clinical feature, and ureteral involvement as the main imaging feature. Glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressive therapy is the conventional treatment. Surgical intervention can relieve acute obstruction and effectively improve the prognosis of patients.
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Objective:to provide a new type of fall prevention early warning bracelet and share the feedback of clinical preliminary application data in order to reduce the incidence of falls in inpatients.Methods:The convenience sampling method was used to select the inpatients who were hospitalized in the Department of Geriatrics of Hunan Provincial People ′s Hospital from January to February 2021. The 30 patients who did not use bracelets in November 2020 were taken as the routine group and 30 patients who used bracelets in December 2020 were taken as the experimental group. The two groups were monitored during hospitalization and 2 weeks after discharge. The patients in the routine group were given routine anti-fall signs and health education, while the patients in the experimental group were given the use and health education of early warning bracelets on the basis of routine. The incidence of fall was recorded. The inpatients ′ nursing job satisfaction scale and the self-designed bracelet use feedback questionnaire (experimental group) were used to evaluate the application effect. Results:No fall occurred in the experimental group, but 4 patients fell in the routine group (13.3%). The incidence of fall in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the routine group ( χ2=4.29, P=0.038). The scores of all dimensions of nursing satisfaction in the experimental group were also higher than those in the routine group ( t values were -8.20--4.05, all P<0.05). Another 26.7% (8/30) of patients said that wearing a bracelet would have a certain impact on hand movement or rest, but all the 30 patients surveyed indicated that they were willing to continue to wear the bracelet. Three nurses said it would not necessarily reduce the incidence of falls, but all the 10 nurses involved said the shift was more convenient. Conclusions:The preliminary clinical trial feedback of the bracelet is good, and the patients and their families have high recognition, which is helpful for the patients and their families to participate in the fall prevention activities and improve the self-management of the patients.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by erosive arthritis, which can involve multiple systems. Patients with RA may have a variety of comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), lung cancer, lymphoma, infection, osteoporosis, fatigue, depression, colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Among these comorbidities, the incidence of CVD, lung cancer, lymphoma, infection, and osteoporosis is higher. CVD is a serious complication of RA. The risk of CVD and associated mortality rate in patients with RA is high, and the treatment rate is low. In addition to traditional risk factors, such as age, sex, blood pressure, and diabetes, RA is also associated with inflammation. Furthermore, therapeutic drugs for RA, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, have beneficial or harmful effects on cardiovascular events in patients with RA. This article discusses the effects of therapeutic drugs for RA on cardiovascular events.
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Objective: Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) was a very hot topic in the first few years since its appearance, but now more introspections and controversies on this procedure have emerged. One of the reasons why the Norwegian Ministry of Health stopped taTME was the high incidence of postoperative anastomotic leak. In current study, the incidence and risk factors of anastomotic leak after taTME were analyzed based on the data registered in the Chinese taTME Registry Collaborative (CTRC). Methods: A case-control study was carried out. Between November 15, 2017 and December 31, 2020, clinical data of 1668 patients undergoing taTME procedure registered in the CTRC database from 43 domestic centers were collected retrospectively. After excluding 98 cases without anastomosis and 109 cases without complete postoperative complication data, 1461 patients were finally enrolled for analysis. There were 1036 males (70.9%) and 425 females (29.1%) with mean age of (58.2±15.6) years and mean body mass index of (23.6±3.8) kg/m(2). Anastomotic leak was diagnosed and classified according to the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer (ISREC) criteria. The risk factors associated with postoperative anastomotic leak cases were analyzed. The impact of the cumulative number of taTME surgeries in a single center on the incidence of anastomotic leak was evaluated. As for those centers with the number of taTME surgery ≥ 40 cases, incidence of anastomic leak between 20 cases of taTME surgery in the early and later phases was compared. Results: Of 1461 patients undergoing taTME, 103(7.0%) developed anastomotic leak, including 71 (68.9%) males and 32 (31.1%) females with mean age of (59.0±13.9) years and mean body mass index of (24.5±5.7) kg/m(2). The mean distance between anastomosis site and anal verge was (2.6±1.4) cm. Thirty-nine cases (37.9%) were classified as ISREC grade A, 30 cases (29.1%) as grade B and 34 cases (33.0%) as grade C. Anastomotic leak occurred in 89 cases (7.0%,89/1263) in the laparoscopic taTME group and 14 cases (7.1%, 14/198) in the pure taTME group. Multivariate analysis showed that hand-sewn anastomosis (P=0.004) and the absence of defunctioning stoma (P=0.013) were independently associated with anastomotic leak after taTME. In the 16 centers (37.2%) which performed ≥ 30 taTME surgeries with cumulative number of 1317 taTME surgeries, 86 cases developed anastomotic leak (6.5%, 86/1317). And in the 27 centers which performed less than 30 taTME surgeries with cumulative number of 144 taTME surgeries, 17 cases developed anastomotic leak (11.8%, 17/144). There was significant difference between two kinds of center (χ(2)=5.513, P=0.019). Thirteen centers performed ≥ 40 taTME surgeries. In the early phase (the first 20 cases in each center), 29 cases (11.2%, 29/260) developed anastomotic leak, and in the later phase, 12 cases (4.6%, 12/260) developed anastomotic leak. The difference between the early phase and the later phase was statistically significant (χ(2)=7.652, P=0.006). Conclusion: The incidence of anastomotic leak after taTME may be reduced by using stapler and defunctioning stoma, or by accumulating experience.
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Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fuga Anastomótica/etiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , China/epidemiología , Incidencia , Laparoscopía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Recto/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis of 10 primary Sj?gren syndrome (pSS) patients with lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed. All 10 patients were female. Dry mouth, dry eyes and lymph node enlargement were common. Laboratory tests showed positive antinuclear antibody(ANA), anti-SSA antibody, anti-SSB antibody and rheumatoid factor(RF); lower lymphocyte counts and high IgG level. All patients were not treated regularly after pSS was diagnosed; 9 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 1 case of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) were finally diagnosed. The main histological types of NHL were mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue marginal zone lymphoma (MALT) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Both intranodal and extranodal involvement was common. Patients were followed up for 1-144 months, 8 patients were treated with R-CHOP regime, CHOP regime or rituximab; 5 patients were stable, 4 patients died, and 1 case lost to follow up. Patients with pSS are closely associated with an enhanced risk of lymphoma, especially NHL. The clinical manifestations were complicated and varied.
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ObjectiveAs the pathogenesis of gastric cancer remains unclear, this paper aims to investigate the expression of FAM83C in gastric cancer tissues, to analyze the relationship between the expression difference and clinicopathological features and prognosis, and to further explore the mutation sites and methylation of FAM83C in gastric cancer.MethodsData mining of FAM83C was conducted by TCGA database and Oncomine database to analyze the expression of FAM83C in gastric cancer and other multiple types of cancer. The relationship between the expression of FAM83C and the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed by LinkedOmics database. The effect of FAM83C expression on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer was analyzed by Kaplan Meier Plotter database. The mutation sites and methylation of FAM83C in gastric cancer was analyzed by cBioportal database and MethHC database. The protein network interacting with FAM83C was analyzed by String database.ResultsThere were 56 studies on FAM83C expression differences in the Oncomine database with statistical significance (P<0.05), among which 46 studies suggested that FAM83C was highly expressed in a variety of cancer tissues, and its high expression in gastric cancer was statistically significant (P=0.000733). Meanwhile, the analysis of 637 gastric cancer samples in the TCGA database showed that FAM83C was highly expressed in all kinds of gastric cancer tissues (P<0.05). The differences between FAM83C expression level and patients' age (P=0.0344) and T stage (P=0.034) were statistically significant (P<0.05). The group with high FAM83C expression had shorter survival time and worse prognosis, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.0071). FAM83C mutations in gastric cancer include missense mutation, frame-shift mutation and splicing mutation. The methylation level of FAM83C gene promoter region in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in normal gastric tissue (P<0.005). The proteins interacting with FAM83C include SLCO5A1, AKR7A3, MMP24, EIF6 and ARL11, etc., and may participate in the cellular function process together.ConclusionFAM83C is highly expressed in gastric cancer. In addition, its expression level has a certain correlation with the degree of malignancy and poor prognosis of gastric cancer, which is manifested in the characteristics of proto-oncogenes to a certain extent, and is expected to become a new target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of acupoint massage combined with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on post-stroke depression and quality of life.Methods:A total of 169 patients with post-stroke depression who were admitted to the Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit of Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into observation group (85 cases) and control group (84 cases) by random number table method. The control group was treated with high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and the observation group was treated with high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with acupoint massage, high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation 5 times a week, 28 minutes each time, 8 weeks of intervention, acupoint massage once a day, 1-2 minutes each acupoint, 8 weeks of intervention. The state of depression and the improvement of quality of life were observed, and the adverse reactions were recorded.Results:The total effective rate of depressive symptoms improvement in the observation group was 83.53% (71/85), which was higher than that of the control group 70.24% (59/84), the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2 value was 4.204, P<0.05). After the intervention, the Hamilton Depression (HAMD) scores of both groups decreased, and the trend decreased with time, and the decline of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( Ftime value was 888.220, Fgroup value was 191.331, Finteraction value was 14.955, P<0.01 or 0.05). The observation group ′s physiological function, physiological function, energy, social function, general health status, emotional function, and mental health score were (57.25 ± 10.33), (64.41 ± 13.35), (67.26 ± 12.93), (70.43 ± 14.15), (64.64 ± 12.52), (72.71 ± 13.24), (75.24 ± 12.90) points, higher than the control group ′s (51.83 ± 10.22), (55.40 ± 12.90), (62.84 ± 12.81), (66.03 ± 13.94), (59.37 ± 11.26), (67.54 ± 13.07), (70.85 ± 12.66) points, the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 2.036-4.461, P<0.01 or 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:Acupoint massage combined with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has a effective in the treatment of post-stroke depression, which can significantly improve the depression status and quality of life.
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Bilateral middle pontine brachium and cerebral peduncula infarction is an extremely rare posterior circulation infarction.This article analyzed a patient with bilateral middle pontine brachium and cerebral peduncula infarction, reviewed the literature, and determined the cause through detailed medical history and imaging examinations.
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Objective: To observe the changes of behavior and mitochondria in Alzheimer's disease(AD) rats, and to explore the mechanism of Sijunzi Tang in the treatment of AD rats' behavior and the changes of mitochondrial energy metabolism in hippocampal neurons. Method: The 60 male SPF grade rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, low, medium and high dose group of Sijunzi Tang(3.24, 6.48,12.56 g·kg-1), and dihydroergot group (0.27 mg·kg-1), 10 rats in each group. The normal group received no intervention and had a normal diet. The rest of the rats were injected with D-galactose to the abdomen at a dose of 200 mg·kg-1 once a day for 6 weeks. Morris water maze experiment was used to detect the cognitive function of rats. Tm-Vision behavioral experiment system was used to observe the behavioral changes of rats, and the hippocampal neuronal line structure was observed by transmission electron microscope. Mitochondrial complex colorimetry was adopted to detect rats CⅠ, CⅡ, CⅢ, CⅣ activity.Western blot was used to detect the expression of mitochondrial adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) protein in the hippocampus. Result: Compared with normal group, model group rats latent escape period time increasing, through fewer, movement distance, movement time increasing, center residence time increased (PPPPPPPPPPPPConclusion: The abnormal behavior of AD rats may be related to the decrease of central hippocampal energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. Sijunzi Tang has therapeutic effect.
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OBJECTIVE:(CP);to provide evidence for rehabilitation management. METHODS: To summarize the results of a cross-sectional survey of a total of 422 children(0-18 years old)who were registered as cerebral palsy by Disabled Persons' Federation of Chengdu from February to April in 2013. All children were grouped according to head circumference. We analyzed the correlation between head circumference with gross motor function classification system(GMFCS),intelligence and complications. RESULTS: There were statistically significant between the two different degrees of head circumference group and the classification of GMFCS and cognition respectively(P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the number of comorbidities,GMFCS and degree of cognitive damage in children with cerebral palsy with microcephaly were negatively correlated with head circumference(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The degree of head circumference reduction in children with cerebral palsy complicated by microcephaly is negatively correlated with GMFCS,the number of comorbidities and the degree of cognitive impairment.
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Objective We aimed to investigate the expression of IRF4 and apoptosis of the histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589 against MM cells in vitro,and study the mechanism of apoptosis when LBH589 alone or/and combined with lenalidomide in RPMI8226 cell so as to provide a new strategy for the treatment of multiple myeloma.Methods The cell viability on the growth of RPMI8226 cell were assessed by CCK8 assay.Apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry,The Grandpad software analyzes the statistical significance and evaluates the synergistic effect of the drug.The expression level of the related transcription factor and apoptotic gene protein were determined by western blot.The cell viability on the growth of RPMI8226-R cell were assessed by CCK8.Results LBH589 combined with lenalidomide have significant effect on inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.Apoptosis induced by LBH589/lenalidomide alone or combination was shown to involved PARP activation,decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression.significantly down regulated transcriptional related factors of IRF4 and c-MYC expression compared with either agent alone.Conclusion LBH589 and lenalidomide alone or combination decrease the expression of transcription factor IRF4 and c-MYC,and have a significant synergistic effect,and highly expression of IRF in RPMI8226-R reduce proliferation inhibition.
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Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase deficiency (HMCSD) is caused by HMGCS2 gene mutation. This paper reports the clinical and genetic features of an infant with this disease. The 8-month-old female infant was admitted to the hospital with diarrhea for 1 week and fever and convulsion for 1 day. The child presented with seizures, acidosis, hypoglycemia, abnormal liver function, myocardial injury and coagulation dysfunction. The new homozygous mutation c.1502G>A(p.R501Q) in the HMGCS2 gene was found in the infant by genetic testing. The mutant gene was found to be harmful by bioinformatics software analysis. Urine organic acid analysis indicated that 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyranone was significantly increased, which was consistent with the results of genetic testing. The infant was definitely diagnosed with HMCSD.
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Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Acilcoenzima A , Hipoglucemia , Mitocondrias , MutaciónRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on neurobehavioral development, emotional and social behaviors, and life ability in children with global developmental delay (GDD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective case-control study was performed for hospitalized children with GDD, who were randomly divided into KD treatment group (n=40) and conventional treatment group (n=37). The children in both groups were given comprehensive rehabilitation training, and those in the KD treatment group were given modified Atkins diet in addition to the comprehensive rehabilitation training. The children in both groups were assessed with the Gesell Developmental Scale, Chinese version of Urban Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA)/Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Infants-Junior High School Students' Social Life Abilities Scale (S-M scale) before treatment and after 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of the improvements in neurobehavioral development, emotional and social behaviors, and social life ability.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment, the KD treatment group had significantly greater improvements in the scores of the adaptive, fine motor, and language quotients of the Gesell Developmental Scale compared with the conventional treatment group (P<0.05); the KD treatment group had significantly greater improvements in CITSEA/CBCL scores than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The KD treatment group had a greater improvement in the score of the S-M scale after 9 months of treatment (P<0.05). During the KD treatment, 6 children experienced diarrhea and 1 experienced mild urinary stones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>KD can improve the neurobehavioral development and behavioral and emotional behaviors in children with GDD, and it has few adverse effects.</p>
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Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Discapacidades del Desarrollo , Dietoterapia , Psicología , Dieta Cetogénica , Emociones , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the cytotoxicity of gelatin/alginate hydrogel scaffolds prepared by 3D bioprinting in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and compare the cell adhesion and proliferation of the cells seeded in the biomaterial using two different methods.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HDPCs isolated by tissue block culture and enzyme digestion were cultured and passaged. Gelatin/alginate hydrogel scaffolds were printed using a bioplotter, and the cytotoxicity of the aqueous extracts of the scaffold material was tested in the third passage of HDPCs using cell counting kit-8. Scanning electron microscopy and trypan blue were used to assess the adhesion and proliferation of the cells seeded in the scaffold material at a low or high concentration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The aqueous extract of the scaffolds at different concentrations showed no obvious cytotoxicity and promoted the proliferation of HDPCs. The scaffolds had a good biocompatibility and HDPCs seeded in the scaffold showed good cell growth. Cell seeding at a high concentration in the scaffold better promoted the adhesion of HDPCs and resulted in a greater cell number on the scaffold surface compared with low-concentration cell seeding after a 5-day culture (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gelatin<alginate hydrogel scaffolds prepared by 3D bioprinting has a good biocompatibility and promotes the proliferation of HDPCs, and can be used as a scaffold material for tooth regeneration. Cell seeding at a high concentration can better promote cell adhesion to the scaffold material.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Placental multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), encoded by ABCC2 gene in human, plays a significant role in regulating drugs' transplacental transfer rates. Studies on placental MRP2 regulation could provide more therapeutic targets for individualized and safe pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Currently, the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating placental drug transporters are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibition on MRP2 expression in the placental trophoblast cell line and to explore whether HDAC1/2/3 are preliminarily involved in this process.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The human choriocarcinoma-derived trophoblast cell line (Bewo cells) was treated with the HDAC inhibitors-trichostatin A (TSA) at different concentration gradients of 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 μmol/L. Cells were harvested after 24 and 48 h treatment. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for HDAC1/HDAC2/HDAC3 or control siRNA was transfected into cells. Total HDAC activity was detected by colorimetric assay kits. HDAC1/2/3/ABCC2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western-blot analysis, respectively. Immunofluorescence for MRP2 protein expression was visualized and assessed using an immunofluorescence microscopy and ImageJ software, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TSA could inhibit total HDAC activity and HDAC1/2/3 expression in company with increase of MRP2 expression in Bewo cells. Reduction of HDAC1 protein level was noted after 24 h of TSA incubation at 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 μmol/L (vs. vehicle group, all P < 0.001), accompanied with dose-dependent induction of MRP2 expression (P = 0.045 for 1.0 μmol/L, P = 0.001 for 3.0 μmol/L, and P < 0.001 for 5.0 μmol/L), whereas no significant differences in MRP2 expression were noted after HDAC2/3 silencing. Fluorescent micrograph images of MRP2 protein were expressed on the cell membrane. The fluorescent intensities of MRP2 in the control, HDAC2, and HDAC3 siRNA-transfected cells were week, and no significant differences were noticed among these three groups (all P > 0.05). However, MRP2 expression was remarkably elevated in HDAC1 siRNA-transfected cells, which displayed an almost 3.19-fold changes in comparison with the control siRNA-transfected cells (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HDACs inhibition could up-regulate placental MRP2 expression in vitro, and HDAC1 was probably to be involved in this process.</p>