Evaluation of Th17 associated antigen in Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A comparative study in acute versus chronic human cutaneous Leishmaniasis using immunohistochemistry.

There are little information about Th17 cells and cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), due to an important effect of Th17 cells on immune response, it is worth to explore the role of Th17 on CL. The purpose of this study was to assess Th17 population in patients with acute vs. chronic CL lesions in comparison with skin samples collected from healthy volunteers in an endemic region of Old World CL. A total of 49 patients with clinical manifestations of chronic (n=16) and acute (n=33) CL lesions were recruited. The clinical diagnosis of CL was confirmed by direct smear or PCR. Biopsy specimens from prelesional skin of non-infectious lesions of 30 healthy individuals were used as control. Tissue sections of 3µm thickness were prepared and used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis with primary antibody specific for Th17 associated antigen (CD161). For IHC, Envision+ (DakoCytomation) system was used and developed by using diaminobenzidine (DakoCytomation). The mean age of 33 patients with acute CL and the mean age of 16 patients with chronic CL were accordingly 45.24±16.43 and 33.56±15.87. In acute and chronic CL the mean (±standard deviation) and median (±interquartile range) were accordingly 2.92±2.21, 2.56±2.9 and 2.1±1.99, 1.54±2.81. In healthy controls the mean (±standard deviation) and median (±interquartile range) were 0.72±0.41 and 0.61±0.58 respectively. With pairwise comparison of acute, chronic and control groups, there were significant difference between acute and control (P value < 0.001), chronic and control (P value = 0.043). The results showed that there was an increasing cellular response of Th17 in both acute and chronic CL patients. Th17 was significantly higher in patients with acute and chronic CL lesions in comparison with healthy control group. However, there was no significant difference between acute and chronic infection concerning to Th17 cells.

Evaluation of Th17 associated antigen in Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A comparative study in acute versus chronic human cutaneous Leishmaniasis using immunohistochemistry

@#There are little information about Th17 cells and cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), due to an important effect of Th17 cells on immune response, it is worth to explore the role of Th17 on CL. The purpose of this study was to assess Th17 population in patients with acute vs. chronic CL lesions in comparison with skin samples collected from healthy volunteers in an endemic region of Old World CL. A total of 49 patients with clinical manifestations of chronic (n=16) and acute (n=33) CL lesions were recruited. The clinical diagnosis of CL was confirmed by direct smear or PCR. Biopsy specimens from prelesional skin of non-infectious lesions of 30 healthy individuals were used as control. Tissue sections of 3μm thickness were prepared and used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis with primary antibody specific for Th17 associated antigen (CD161). For IHC, Envision+ (DakoCytomation) system was used and developed by using diaminobenzidine (DakoCytomation). The mean age of 33 patients with acute CL and the mean age of 16 patients with chronic CL were accordingly 45.24±16.43 and 33.56±15.87. In acute and chronic CL the mean (±standard deviation) and median (±interquartile range) were accordingly 2.92±2.21, 2.56±2.9 and 2.1±1.99, 1.54±2.81. In healthy controls the mean (±standard deviation) and median (±interquartile range) were 0.72±0.41 and 0.61±0.58 respectively. With pairwise comparison of acute, chronic and control groups, there were significant difference between acute and control (P value < 0.001), chronic and control (P value = 0.043). The results showed that there was an increasing cellular response of Th17 in both acute and chronic CL patients. Th17 was significantly higher in patients with acute and chronic CL lesions in comparison with healthy control group. However, there was no significant difference between acute and chronic infection concerning to Th17 cells.

Is Helicobacter pylori infection a risk factor for childhood periodic syndromes?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been assumed to have roles in various extra-digestive diseases. The current study was designed to evaluate the incidence of H. pylori infection in patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome and its possible role in the etiology of this disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: In this case-control study, 120 cases with diagnoses of cyclic vomiting or abdominal migraine who were registered at the Gastroenterology Clinic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from 2010 to 2013 were enrolled. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primarily information regarding the patients' diseases were collected with a data gathering sheet, and fresh morning stool samples were collected from the patients and examined for H. pylori stool antigen with the H. pylori Ag EIA test kit. The results were compared with those of healthy children from the control group. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients with cyclic vomiting (47.5%) and abdominal migraine (52.5%) with a mean age of 7.1 ± 3.4 (range 2-16 years) and a male-to-female ratio of 1.6 were included. The HPs Ag tests were positive in only 7 (5.8%) patients in our case group, and the HPs Ag tests were positive in 13 (13%) of the children in the control group; this difference was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: Our study did not support H. pylori infection as an etiological factor in CV or AM.

Follicular ameloblastoma presenting as a sinonasal tumor.

A case of follicular ameloblastoma of the left maxilla in a 74-year-old man is reported. The tumor was presented as a radiographically solid mass filling the left sinonasal cavity and invaded maxillary alveola. After radical surgery, the patient has pursued a non-aggressive clinical course after 4 years of follow-up. The radiopathological features of this tumor were reviewed and the possibility of its sinonasal epithelium origin was discussed.

Cytologic, immunocytologic, histopathologic and immunohistologic diagnosis of the poorly differentiated sertoli-leydig cell tumor.

BACKGROUND: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs), also known as arrhenoblastomas, are tumors of the sex cord-stromal group of ovary and testis cancers. They comprise <1% of all ovarian tumors. They are divided into 6 categories based on the degree of differentiation and the presence of heterologous elements. However, <15% of these tumors are poorly differentiated. CASE: A 23-year-old unmarried female presented with an 8-month history of irregular menstrual cycle and abdominal pain. There were no clinical features suggesting virilization. The left salpingo-oophorectomy specimen revealed an oval ovarian mass of 11 × 7 × 4 cm in dimension. Grossly, the cut surface of the mass was yellowish white in color and solid in consistency and touch preparation was made. By applying cytology and immunocytochemistry techniques, a preliminary diagnosis suggestive of poorly differentiated SLCT was made. The tumor was confirmed as a poorly differentiated SLCT. CONCLUSION: Cytology and immunocytochemistry by WT-1, melan A, vimentin and calretinin are helpful in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated SLCTs.

Diagnostic terminology for reporting thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology: European Federation of Cytology Societies thyroid working party symposium, Lisbon 2009.

A European Federation of Cytology Societies (EFCS) working party of 28 members from 14 European countries met at the European Congress of Cytology in Lisbon in September 2009, with two observers from the USA, to discuss the need for standardising thyroid FNA nomenclature in the light of the National Institute of Cancer (NCI) recommendations resulting from the State of the Science conference in Bethesda in 2007. The data were obtained through two questionnaires sent by email and a transcript of the live discussion at the congress, which is presented in full. The surveys and discussion showed that there were currently no national terminologies for reporting thyroid FNA in the different European countries except in Italy and the UK. Personal, 'local', surgical pathology and descriptive terminologies were in use. All but one of the working party members agreed that thyroid FNA reporting should be standardised. Whilst almost a third would adopt the NCI Bethesda terminology, which offers the advantages of a 'risk of cancer' correlation and is linked to clinical recommendations, more than half favoured a translation of local terminology as the first step towards a unified nomenclature, as has been done recently in the UK. There was some disagreement about the use of: a) the six-tiered as opposed to four or five-tiered systems, b) the use of an indeterminate category and c) the 'follicular neoplasm' category, which was felt by some participants not to be different from the 'suspicious of malignancy' category. The conclusions will be passed to the different national societies of cytology for discussion, who will be asked to map their local terminologies to the Bethesda classification, observe its acceptance by clinicians and audit its correlation with outcome.

Pulmonary myxoma in a sheep.

Pulmonary myxomas are rare in domestic animals and only two cases have been reported previously in sheep. An 8 x 6 x 4 cm mass was detected in the diaphragmatic lobe of the right lung of a 4-year-old Persian Karakul ewe. The mass was well demarcated, multilobulated, soft in consistency and white in colour. The cut surface exuded a mucoid substance and a distinct capsule was evident. Microscopically, the tumour comprised a hypocellular myxomatous matrix, rich in acid mucopolysaccharides, with scattered spindle-shaped or stellate cells. These cells had uniform, oval-shaped nuclei without visible nucleoli and expressed vimentin and S100 on immunohistochemical examination. These gross, microscopical and immunohistochemical features are characteristics of myxoma.

Bcl-2 expression in acute myelogenous leukemia: the relation to myeloid antigen expression and response to therapy in Iranian patients.

Product of Bcl-2 gene prolongs survival of hematopoietic cells by inhibition of programmed cell death. The aim of this study is to examine the expression of the bcl-2 protein in a group of patients with AML and its relation to clinical features and response to therapy. Slides from the bone marrow or peripheral blood of 70 patients with AML were assessed for the expression of bcl-2 by immunocytochemistry. The expression of myeloid and non-lineage associated markers was detected by indirect immunofluorescence method. Correlation between bcl-2 and markers expression and patients characteristics was determined. More than 20% positivity for bcl-2 was found in 22 (31.4%) patients. Bcl-2 expression showed an association with M4 and M5 subtypes (p<0.01) and was correlated with clinical parameters including WBC and platelet count, extramedullary disease and Hb level. Bcl-2 expressing cells were significantly higher in CD15(+) and CD13(+) patients and lower in CD11b(+) and CD33(+) cases (p<0.001). Complete remission (CR) rate was significantly lower in cases with 20% or more bcl-2 positivity than others (24.4% v 75.6%). A shorter CR duration was observed in bcl-2+ patients when compared with bcl-2- ones (571+/-50 versus 850+/-17 days)(p=0.0001). The expression of bcl-2 was also associated with shorter survival (p=0.0001). Survival time for bcl-2+ patients was 831+/-44 days versus 1119+/-17 days for bcl-2- ones. CD11b and CD33 positivity was associated with longer survival whereas CD13 and CD15 positivity was correlated with lower survival (p<0.007). In multivariate analysis bcl-2 positivity was associated with poor survival. Bcl-2 expression showed a prognostic value in our patients indicating that even despite of some differences in treatment regimen, immunocytochemical analysis of this marker is still a simple and inexpensive method for evaluation of prognosis in AML patients. Bcl-2 expression may be related to the expression of differentiation associated markers.