The familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated A4V SOD1 mutant is not able to regulate aerobic glycolysis.

Under certain stress conditions, astrocytes operate in aerobic glycolysis, a process controlled by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) inhibition through its E1 α subunit (Pda1) phosphorylation. This supplies lactate to neurons, which save glucose to obtain NADPH to, among other roles, counteract reactive oxygen species. A failure in this metabolic cooperation causes severe damage to neurons. In this work, using humanized Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in which its endogenous Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) was replaced by human ortholog, we investigated the role of human SOD1 (hSOD1) in aerobic glycolysis regulation and its implications to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease. Yeast cells ferment glucose even in the presence of oxygen and switch to respiratory metabolism after glucose exhaustion. However, like cells of SOD1-knockout strain, cells expressing A4V mutant of hSOD1 growing on glucose showed a respiratory phenotype, i.e., low glucose and high oxygen consumptions and low intracellular oxidation levels in response to peroxide stress, contrary to cells expressing wild-type (WT) SOD1 (yeast or human). The A4V mutation in hSOD1 is linked to ALS. In contrast to WT SOD1 strains, PDH activity of both sod1Δ and A4V hSOD1 cells did not change in response to a metabolic shift toward oxidative metabolism, which was associated to lower Pda1 phosphorylation levels under growth on glucose. Taken together, our results suggest that A4V mutant cannot regulate aerobic glycolysis via Pda1 phosphorylation the same way WT hSOD1, which might be linked to problems observed in the motor neurons of ALS patients with the SOD1 A4V mutation.

In vitro Studies of Antitumor Effect, Toxicity/Cytotoxicity and Skin Permeation/Retention of a Green Fluorescence Pyrene-based Dye for PDT Application.

Photosensitizers (PS) are compounds that can generate reactive oxygen species under irradiation of appropriate light and are widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Currently, topical PDT is an effective treatment for several skin diseases, including bacterial infections, fungal mycoses and psoriasis. In addition, PDT is also used to treat nonmelanoma skin cancer and can be a potential tool for melanoma, associated with other treatments. In this work, we evaluated the antitumor photoactivity of a new pyrene-based PS (TPPy) by using the murine melanoma cell line (B16F10). The in vitro permeation/retention tests in porcine ear skin were also performed in order to evaluate the potential application of the PS for topical use in skin cancer. Moreover, to determine the toxicity in vivo, we used the Galleria mellonella as an alternative animal model of study. The results showed that TPPy is a promising PS for application in PDT, with potential antitumor photoactivity (IC50 6.5 µmol L-1 ), absence of toxicity in the G. mellonella model at higher concentration (70.0 mmol L-1 ) and the accumulation tendency in the epidermis plus dermis sites (165.20 ± 4.12 ng cm-2 ).

Efeito imediato da MWM de Mulligan em pacientes com dor no ombro / MWM Mulligan immediate effect on shoulder pain patients

Introdução: a dor no ombro leva a limitações e incapacidades entre adultos e idosos, merecendo atenção do fisioterapeuta. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito imediato da técnica de Mulligan em pacientes com dor no ombro. Metodologia: trata-se de resultados preliminares de um ensaio clínico realizado entre julho de 2018 a julho de 2019. Pacientes com dor no ombro (n=44), de ambos os sexos, foram randomizados e submetidos a dois protocolos de tratamento: exercícios terapêuticos (n=22) e MWM de Mulligan (n=22), atendidos na Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da UFBA. Todos os participantes responderam a um questionário clínico e sociodemográfico e realizaram avaliação da dor pela escala visual analógica (EVA) e algometria. Os pacientes foram tratados por dois fisioterapeutas experientes na área e, depois, foram reavaliados imediatamente. Resultados: mulheres predominaram, a média de idade foi de 56 anos no grupo Mulligan e 57 no grupo exercícios terapêuticos. Síndrome do manguito rotador predominou: 19 (86,4%) no grupo Mulligan e 15 (68%) no grupo exercícios. O ombro mais acometido foi o direito no Grupo Mulligan, (17 (77,3%); já no grupo exercícios, foi o esquerdo com 12 (55%). A cor negra foi a mais autorrelatada pelos pacientes, e poucos tinham o ensino superior completo. No grupo Mulligan, as ocupações mais informadas foram dona de casa, seguida de aposentados e autônomos. No grupo exercícios, não houve dona de casa, e sim mais aposentados e autônomos. Os dois grupos mostraram ser mais sedentários. Não houve diferença da dor pela EVA entre os grupos, antes e após o tratamento (p=0.79, p=0.56, respectivamente). Já a intensidade da dor mensurada pela algometria, tanto antes do tratamento (p=0.008) quanto depois do tratamento (p=0.04), foi diferente entre os grupos, com predomínio de melhora no grupo Exercícios. Conclusão: a MWM não foi mais eficaz que os exercícios terapêuticos na redução da dor do ombro, sendo que o exercício apresentou mais eficácia quando medido através da EVA e sem melhora significativa ao ser mensurada pela algometria após aplicação de uma única sessão de tratamento.

Introduction: shoulder pain leads to limitations and disabilities among adults and the elderly deserving attention from the physiotherapist. Objective: to evaluate the immediate effect of the Mulligan technique in patients with shoulder pain. Methodology: these are preliminary results of a clinical trial conducted from July 2018 to July 2019. Patients (n=44) with shoulder pain of both sexes were randomized and submitted to two treatment protocols: therapeutic exercises (n = 22) and Mulligan's MWM (n = 22) attended at the UFBA School of Physiotherapy Clinic. All participants answered a clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire and underwent pain assessment by visual analog scale (VAS) and algometry. The patients were treated by two experienced physiotherapists and then reassessed immediately. Results: women predominated, the average age was 56 years in the Mulligan group and 57 in the therapeutic exercises group. Rotator cuff syndrome predominated, 19 (86.4%) in the Mulligan group and 15 (68%) in the exercise group. The most affected shoulder was the right shoulder in the Mulligan Group (17 (77.3%), while in the exercise group was the left shoulder with 12 (55%).The black color was the most self-reported by the patients and few patients had higher education. In the Mulligan group the most informed occupations were housewife followed by retirees and self-employed. In the exercise group we had no housewife but more retired and self-employed. The two groups were more sedentary. There was no difference in VAS pain between the groups before and after treatment (p = 0.79, p = 0.56, respectively), while pain intensity measured by algometry both before treatment (p = 0.008) and after treatment (p = 0.04) was different between Conclusion: Mulligan's MWM was not more effective than exercise in reducing shoulder pain, and exercise was more effective when measured by VAS and without significant improvement when measured by algometry after applying a single treatment session.

Characterization of the activity, aggregation, and toxicity of heterodimers of WT and ALS-associated mutant Sod1.

Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1) have been reported in both familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study, we investigated the behavior of heteromeric combinations of wild-type (WT) and mutant Sod1 proteins A4V, L38V, G93A, and G93C in human cells. We showed that both WT and mutant Sod1 formed dimers and oligomers, but only mutant Sod1 accumulated in intracellular inclusions. Coexpression of WT and hSod1 mutants resulted in the formation of a larger number of intracellular inclusions per cell than that observed in cells coexpressing WT or mutant hSod1. The number of inclusions was greater in cells expressing A4V hSod1. To eliminate the contribution of endogenous Sod1, and better evaluate the effect of ALS-associated mutant Sod1 expression, we expressed human Sod1 WT and mutants in human cells knocked down for endogenous Sod1 (Sod1-KD), and in sod1Δ yeast cells. Using Sod1-KD cells we found that the WT-A4V heteromers formed higher molecular weight species compared with A4V and WT homomers. Using the yeast model, in conditions of chronological aging, we concluded that cells expressing Sod1 heterodimers showed decreased antioxidant activity, increased oxidative damage, reduced longevity, and oxidative stress-induced mutant Sod1 aggregation. In addition, we also found that ALS-associated Sod1 mutations reduced nuclear localization and, consequently, impaired the antioxidant response, suggesting this change in localization may contribute to disease in familial ALS. Overall, our study provides insight into the molecular underpinnings of ALS and may open avenues for the design of future therapeutic strategies.

Expectativas e perfil do uso de álcool em acadêmicos de Medicina / Expectations and profile of alcohol use in academics of Medicine

O objetivo foi investigar o perfil e as expectativas do consumo de álcool em acadêmicos de medicina, além de averiguar a idade de início de utilização da substância e classificar o nível de risco de cada participante para dependência. Foram aplicados o "Inventario de Expectativas e Crenças Pessoais sobre o Álcool" e o "Teste de Identificação de Desordens Devido ao Álcool", além de questionamentos adicionais. A amostra foi composta principalmente por mulheres (58,0%) com média de 22 anos. Declararam-se abstêmios apenas 5,0% dos universitários. Pouco mais da metade iniciou o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas antes de completar 16 anos; foi observada tendência masculina para um início mais precoce. 61,9% dos alunos ficaram abaixo do ponto de corte no primeiro questionário, significando que possuem baixas expectativas positivas no uso de bebidas alcoólicas. No segundo instrumento foram classificados como nível I de risco 66,5% dos sujeitos, como nível II 31,2%, como nível III 1,5% e como nível IV 0,8%. Percebeu-se correlação positiva entre os instrumentos (p=0,000), isto é, quanto maior o nível de risco dos participantes maiores eram as expectativas positivas dos mesmos. Também se inferiu que os sujeitos que iniciaram mais precocemente o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas carregam maiores expectativas positivas. Foram obtidas taxas de consumo de álcool maiores que as encontradas na literatura, seguindo a tendência crescente do consumo alcoólico que a mesma tem apontado, mostrando necessidade de maior conscientização dos futuros profissionais da saúde e de maior atenção de políticas públicas para o assunto abordado neste estudo.

The objective was to investigate the profile and expectations of alcohol consumption in medical students, as well as to determine the age at which the substance is started and to classify each participant's level of risk for dependence. The "Inventory of Personal Expectations and Beliefs about Alcohol" and the "Test of Identification of Alcohol Disorders" were applied, as well as additional questions. The sample consisted mainly of women (58.0%) with an average of 22 years. Only 5.0% of university students were declared abstainers. Just over half started drinking alcohol before reaching the age of 16; male tendencies were observed for earlier onset. 61.9% of the students were below the cutoff point of the first questionnaire, which means that they have low positive expectations in the use of alcoholic beverages. In the second instrument, 66.5% of the subjects were classified as level I at risk, being level II 31.2%, level III 1.5% and level IV 0.8%. There was a positive correlation between the instruments (p = 0.000), that is, the higher the participants' risk level, the higher the expectations. It has also been inferred that individuals who started drinking alcohol earlier have higher positive expectations. The rates of alcohol consumption were higher than those found in the literature, following the growing tendency of alcohol consumption, evidencing the need for greater awareness of future health professionals and greater public policy attention to the topic addressed in this study.

Informatização da atenção básica a saúde: avanços e desafios / Informatización de la atención primaria de salud: avances y desafíos / Computerization of primary health care information systems: advances and challenges

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a implantação da estratégia e-SUS Atenção Básica na Região Oeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método: estudo de caso, descritivo, com dados de 62 responsáveis pela implantação em 54 municípios, de maio a junho de 2015, além de dois entrevistados e análise dos documentos: "Implantação do e-SUS AB na SRS Divinópolis" e "Municípios por Situação de Implantação do e-SUS AB na SRS Divinópolis". Os dados foram analisados porestatística descritiva e Análise de Conteúdo, com suporte do software Atlas TI, versão 7.0. Resultados: em 44 (81,5%) dos municípios foi implantado apenas o cadastro de dados simplificado e 22 (40,7%) dos municípios estão no cenário três de implantação, 34 (54,8%) dos responsáveis pela implantaçãonão são servidores públicos efetivos. Conclusão: a implantação apresenta fragilidades relacionadas à infraestrutura, deficiências nas capacitações e resistência dos profissionais. É necessário rever o planejamento da implantação considerando sua complexidade.

RESUMEN bjetivo: Analizar la implantación de la estrategia del e-SUS Atención Primaria en la Región Oeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método: Estudio de caso, descriptivo, con datos de 62 responsables de la implantación en 54 municipios, entre mayo y junio de 2015, además de dos entrevistados y análisis de documentos: "Implantação do e-SUS AB na SRS Divinópolis" y "Municípios por Situação de Implantação do e-SUS AB na SRS Divinópolis". Datos analizados por estadística descriptiva y Análisis de Contenido, con ayuda del software Atlas TI, versión 7.0. Resultados: En 44 (81,5%) de los municipios se implantó sólo el registro de datos simplificado, 22 (40,7%) de los municipios están en la etapa 3 de implantación, 34 (54,8%) de los responsables de la implantación son empleados públicos efectivos. Conclusión: La implantación muestra debilidades relacionadas con infraestructura, capacitaciones deficientes y resistencia de los profesionales. Resulta necesario rever la planificación de la implantación, considerándose su complejidad.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the implantation of the e-SUS Primary Health Care strategy in the West Region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method: descriptive case study, with data from 62 people responsible for implementation in 54 municipalities, between May and June 2015, as well as two interviewees and analysis of the following documents: "Implantation of the e-SUS PHC in SRS Divinópolis" (Implantação do e-SUS AB na SRS Divinópolis) and "Municipalities, by Implantation of the e-SUS PHC in SRS Divinópolis" (Municípios por Situação de Implantação do e-SUS AB na SRS Divinópolis). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Content Analysis, using the Atlas ti software, version 7.0. Results: in 44 (81.5%) of the municipalities, only the simplified data register was implemented, and 22 (40.7%) of the municipalities are in scenario three of implantation, 34 (54.8%) of those responsible for implantation are not permanently contracted staff. Conclusion: The implantation has weaknesses related to infrastructure and shortcomings in the professionals' training and resistance. It is necessary to review the planning of the implantation, taking its complexity into account.

Sentimentos vivenciados pelos profissionais de Enfermagem diante de morte em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Feelings experienced by nursing professionals in the face of death in neonatal / Sentimientos vividos por los profesionales de enfermería ante la muerte en unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal

No cenário das instituições hospitalares, a morte é um acontecimento frequente nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs) e a convivência com as situações de terminalidade faz parte do cotidiano dos profissionais de Enfermagem que atuam em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTINs). Este estudo teve como objetivos: conhecer os sentimentos vivenciados pelos profissionais de Enfermagem que convivem com a morte em UTINs, descrever as percepções desses profissionais ao lidar com a morte nessas unidades e rever os aspectos relacionados à temática morte no processo de formação dos acadêmicos. O estudo consiste em uma revisão integrativa da literatura, possibilitando determinar o conhecimento atual sobre assunto de escolha. Utilizou-se a base de dados Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde para consulta. Concluiu-se que apesar da morte ser parte do ciclo natural da vida, os profissionais de Enfermagem, na sua maioria, não estão conseguindo lidar com a finitude da vida nas UTINs. Conhecer e refletir sobre os sentimentos de enfermeiros diante da morte do paciente neonatal pode auxiliar esses profissionais a vivenciarem esse processo de forma mais equilibrada. Igualmente, fica evidente a necessidade de desenvolver iniciativas que possam abranger desde as bases formadoras do saber em Enfermagem até os profissionais já atuantes nas instituições de saúde. A inserção da Tanatologia na matriz curricular e nos cursos de capacitação e aperfeiçoamento para a equipe de Enfermagem pode configurar estratégias que favoreçam o fortalecimento dos sujeitos no enfrentamento do processo de morte.

In the context of care institutions, death happens often in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and the fact to be concerned with final situations belongs daily to nursing professionals who are active in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). This article had as purpose: to know the feelings living by the nursing professionals who deal with death in the NICUs, to report the perceptions of those professionals as they deal with death in those Units and to review the aspects connected to the deadness topic by the rise of the academics. The article consists of a constitutive review from the literature, what enables to determine the current knowledge about the chosen subject. It was used the data base BIREME to refer for this study. It concluded, although death being part of the natural cycle of life, most of the nursing professionals cannot deal with the end of life in the NICUs. To know and think about the nurses' feelings in front of death by the neonatal patient, can help the professionals to face it by a more balanced way. It is also evident the need to develop initiatives that could include the constructive knowledge base and professionals who are active in health care institutions. The insertion of Thanatology on the curriculum planning and in capacity and improving courses for the nursing team can configure strategies that promote the strengthening of the professionals to face the process of death.

En el escenario de las instituciones hospitalarias, la muerte es un frecuente evento en las Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), y la convivencia con situaciones de enfermos en fases terminales es parte de lo cotidiano de los profesionales de enfermería que actúan en Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Este estudio tuvo como objetivos conocer los sentimientos vividos por los profesionales de enfermería que conviven con la muerte en UTIN, describir las percepciones de los profesionales cuando tratan con la muerte en esas unidades y apuntar los aspectos que se relacionan con la temática muerte ante el proceso de formaciónde los académicos. El estudio consiste en una revisión integradora de la literatura, permitiendo determinar el actual conocimiento sobre el asunto elegido. La utilización de la base de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual de la salud para la recolección de datos. Se concluyó que, aunque la muerte sea parte del ciclo natural de la vida, los profesionales de enfermería, en la mayoría, no están consiguiendo tratar con la finitud de la vida en las UTIN. Conocer y reflejar acerca de los sentimientos de enfermeros ante la muerte del paciente neonatal puede ayudar a los profesionales a vivir este proceso de una manera más equilibrada. También, resulta evidente la necesidad en desarrollar iniciativas que puedan incluir desde las bases que forman el conocimiento en enfermería hasta los profesionales que ya actúan en instituciones de salud. La inserción de Tanatología en el plan de estudios y cursos de capacitación y perfeccionamiento para el equipo de enfermería pueden constituir estrategias que pueden así favorecer la fortificación del individuo frente al proceso de muerte.

Clay minerals: Properties and applications to dermocosmetic products and perspectives of natural raw materials for therapeutic purposes-A review.

Clay minerals are layered materials with a number of peculiar properties, which find many relevant applications in various industries. Since they are easily found everywhere, they are particularly attractive due to their economic viability. In the cosmetic industry, clay minerals are often used as excipients to stabilize emulsions or suspensions and to modify the rheological behavior of these systems. They also play an important role as adsorbents or absorbents, not only in cosmetics but also in other industries, such as pharmaceuticals. This reviewer believes that since this manuscript is presented as covering topical applications that include pharmaceuticals, some types of clay minerals should be considered as a potential material to be used as drug delivery systems. We review several applications of clay minerals to dermocosmetic products, relating them to the underlying properties of these materials and exemplifying with a number of clay minerals available in the market. We also discuss the use of clay minerals in topically-applied products for therapeutic purposes, specially for skin treatment and protection.

A Teoria Ator-Rede como referencial teórico-metodológico em pesquisas em saúde e enfermagem / La Teoría Actor-Red como referencial teórico-metodológico en investigaciones en salud y enfermagem / The Actor-Network Theory as a theoretical-methodological framework in health and nursing research

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre a Teoria Ator-Rede como referencial teórico-metodológico na pesquisa em saúde e enfermagem. Método: estudo do tipo reflexivo, que utilizou-os princípios e conceitos da Teoria Ator-Rede como referencial teórico-metodológico. Resultados: a referida Teoria pode ser operacionalizada a partir da cartografia de controvérsias como seu método, sendo este definido pelos movimentos: 1) buscar uma porta de entrada na rede; 2) identificar os porta-vozes; 3) acessar os dispositivos de inscrição; 4) mapear as associações entre os actantes. Constitui-se como um conjunto de técnicas para explorar e visualizar polêmicas e controvérsias, observando e cartografando o debate social, especialmente, mas não exclusivamente, em torno dos problemas técnico-científicos. Assim, no escopo da saúde e enfermagem, mais precisamente no ambiente de práticas complexas, onde os enfermeiros e as tecnologias da saúde operam, a Teoria Ator-Rede tem emergido como um referencial teórico-metodológico de relevante notoriedade. Sua aplicação pode contribuir para o entendimento das inovações e suas influências para a coletividade a partir de associações estabelecidas entre os atores, seguindo seus passos, sem fracionar suas vidas, sem fazer recortes isolados, seguindo o que acontece em rede e o que está interligado, interferindo e sofrendo interferências. Conclusão: por acreditar que o conhecimento é um produto social ou efeito de uma rede de atores humanos e não-humanos, e não algo produzido por meio da operação de um método científico privilegiado, a Teoria Ator-Rede apresenta-se como um referencial teórico-metodológico promissor para os ambientes controversos das áreas da saúde e enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la Teoría Actor-Red como referencial teórico-metodológico en la investigación en salud y enfermería. Método: estudio del tipo reflexivo, que utilizo los principios y conceptos de la Teoría Actor-Red como referencial teórico-metodológico. Resultados: la referida Teoría puede ser operacionalizada a partir de la cartografía de controversias como su método, siendo este definido por los movimientos: 1) buscar una puerta de entrada en la red; 2) identificar a los portavoces; 3) acceder a los dispositivos de inscripción; 4) mapear las asociaciones entre los actantes. Se constituye como un conjunto de técnicas para explorar y ver polémicas y controversias, observando y cartografiando el debate social, especialmente, pero no exclusivamente, en torno a los problemas técnico-científicos. Así, en el ámbito de la salud y enfermería, más precisamente en el ambiente de prácticas complejas donde los enfermeros y las tecnologías de la salud operan, la Teoría Actor-Red ha emergido como un referencial teórico-metodológico de relevante notoriedad. Su aplicación puede contribuir al entendimiento de las innovaciones y sus influencias para la colectividad a partir de asociaciones establecidas entre los actores, siguiendo sus pasos, sin fraccionar sus vidas, sin hacer recortes aislados, siguiendo lo que sucede en red y lo que está interconectado, interfiriendo y sufriendo interferencias. Conclusión: por creer que el conocimiento es un producto social o efecto de una red de actores humanos y no humanos, y no algo producido por medio de la operación de un método científico privilegiado, la Teoría Actor-Red se presenta como un referencial teórico-metodológico prometedor para los ambientes controvertidos de las áreas de la salud y enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective: we aimed to reflect on the Actor-Network Theory as a theoretical-methodological framework in health and nursing research. Method: reflexive study, in which principles and concepts of the Actor-Network Theory were used as a theoretical-methodological framework. Results: the Theory can be put in practice based on the mapping of controversies as its method, defined by the following movements: 1) seeking an entry door in the network; 2) identifying the spokespersons; 3) accessing the inscription devices; 4) mapping the associations between the actants. It corresponds to a set of techniques to explore and visualize polemics and controversies, observing and mapping the social debate, especially, but not exclusively, addressing technical-scientific problems. Hence, in the scope of health and nursing, more precisely in the sphere of the complex practices where the nurses and health technologies operate, the Actor-Network Theory has emerged as a relevant and noteworthy theoretical-methodological framework. Its application can contribute to the understanding of the innovations and their influences for the group, based on associations established between the actors, following their steps without fractioning their lives, without taking isolated excerpts, following what happens in a network and what is interlinked, interfering and suffering interference. Conclusion: in the belief that knowledge is a social product or effect of a network of human and non-human actors, instead of something produced by operating a privileged scientific method, the Actor-Network Theory figures as a promising theoretical-methodological framework for the controversial environments of health and nursing.

Silica nanoparticles doped with anthraquinone for lung cancer phototherapy.

In the present study, SiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl group (SiNP-AAP) were used, for the first time, to covalently bond rose bengal (SiNP-AAP-RB) or 9,10-anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (SiNP-AAP-OCAq). The functionalized SiNP were characterized by: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM); elemental analysis (CHN) for determination of the dye concentration; FTIR and UV-vis diffuse reflectance (DR-UV-vis) and a surface area study (BET). The functionalized SiNPs were applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT) against lung cancer cell lines. The evaluated cytotoxicity revealed 20-30% cell survival after 15min of PDT for both materials but the OCAq concentration was half of the RB nanomaterial. The phototoxicity was mainly related to oxidative stress generated in the cellular environment by singlet oxygen and by hydrogen abstraction as confirmed by the laser flash photolysis technique. The unprecedented results indicate that SiNP-AAP-OCAq is a possible system for promoting cell apoptosis by both type I and type II mechanisms.

Experiencias de enfermeros con educación a distancia: una visión sobre las dimensiones interacción y autonomía / Nurses' experience in distance education: an overview on the dimensions of interaction and autonomy / Experiências de enfermeiros na educação a distância: um olhar sobre as dimensões interação e autonomia

Estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa que buscou analisar as experiências de enfermeiros na modalidade a distância nas dimensões interação e autonomia. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com 13 enfermeiros de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior em Minas Gerais, entre dezembro de 2014 e fevereiro de 2015. Utilizou-se da Análise de Conteúdo como técnica de análise. Verificou-se que a interação foi destacada por meio dos componentes diálogo e estrutura. O diálogo aconteceu, predominantemente, entre os próprios estudantes e na perspectiva da socialização e do aprendizado colaborativo. Quanto à estrutura, constatou-se a concepção de alta estruturação e o controle favorecidos pela maximização do aparato tecnológico. Na dimensão autonomia, o aprendizado se deu em rede e de forma colaborativa, potencializados pelas características: flexibilidade de horários/tempo/deslocamento, redução de custos e a decisão pela busca do aprimoramento. Conclui-se que a enfermagem tem encontrado na Educação a Distância possibilidades de avanços no conhecimento, entretanto a interação e autonomia necessitam serem maximizadas nestas experiências (AU).

This was a case study with a qualitative approach that aimed to analyze nurses' experience in the distance education modality focusing on the dimensions of interaction and autonomy. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 13 nurses in a Higher Education Institution in Minas Gerais, from December 2014 to February 2015. Content Analysis was used as technique of analysis. It was found that interaction was made possible through the components of dialogue and structure. Dialogue took place mainly among students themselves and in the context of socialization and collaborative learning. Regarding structure, the study found the evidence of high structuring and control made possible by the maximization of the technological apparatus. In the dimension of autonomy learning took place through networking and in a collaborative way, enhanced by the following features: Time/displacement flexibility; reduced costs; and the decision to search for improvement. This study found possibilities of advancing knowledge in Distance Education, though interaction and autonomy need to be maximized in these experiences (AU).

Estudio de caso, abordaje cualitativo, buscando analizar experiencias de enfermeros en aprendizaje a distancia respecto de dimensiones interacción y autonomía. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con 13 enfermeros de Institución de Enseñanza Superior de Minas Gerais, entre diciembre 2014 y febrero 2015. Se aplicó técnica de Análisis de Contenido. La interacción fue destacada por sus componentes diálogo y estructura. El diálogo se dio, fundamentalmente, entre los propios estudiantes, en perspectiva de socialización y aprendizaje colaborativo. Respecto a la estructura, se constató concepción de alta estructuración y de control, favorecidos por maximización del aparato tecnológico. En la dimensión autonomía, el aprendizaje se realizó en red, de manera colaborativa, potenciado por las características: flexibilidad de horarios/tiempo/desplazamiento, reducción de costos y decisión de búsqueda de mejoramiento. Se concluye en que la enfermería encuentra en la Educación a Distancia posibilidades de avances del conocimiento, en tanto interacción y autonomía sean maximizadas en la experiencia (AU).

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Sepsis.

A 63-year-old male patient suffered from myalgia, arthralgia cough and erythematous macules, with confluence to the thorax, limbs, thighs and the scrotum. The erythematous macules evolved to blisters with a positive Nikolsky's sign. A cutaneous biopsy revealed satellite cell necrosis. Administration of immunoglobulins resulted in a favourable evolution of the cutaneous lesions. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare and potentially fatal mucocutaneous disease. Early recognition, diagnosis and therapy are of the utmost importance. LEARNING POINTS: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare and potentially fatal mucocutaneous disease.TEN requires early diagnosis, appropriate workup and treatment to minimise potential morbidity and mortality.Today immunoglobulin therapy is the most accepted form of treatment for TEN.

Dorsalgias e incapacidades funcionais relacionadas ao trabalho: registros do sistema de informação de agravos de notificação (SINAN/DATASUS) / Back pain and work-related functional disabilities: records from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN/DATASUS)

Resumo Introdução: dorsalgias e incapacidades são problemas de saúde do trabalhador com repercussões econômicas e sociais. Objetivo: descrever os casos notificados de dorsalgia e de incapacidade funcional no Brasil. Métodos: estudo de casuística das dorsalgias relacionadas ao trabalho registradas como Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT) no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), Ministério da Saúde, no Brasil, de 2007 a 2012. Calcularam-se as frequências das variáveis sociodemográficas e ocupacionais e os coeficientes de incidência (CI) para as dorsalgias e incapacidades permanentes. Resultados: foram registrados 8.172 casos de dorsalgias no período. O CI da dorsalgia foi 1,1 por 100.000 trabalhadores em 2007 e 1,9 por 100.000 em 2012 e o da incapacidade funcional relacionada ao trabalho foi 0,12 por 100.000 em 2007 e 0,10 por 100.000 em 2012. Trabalhadores de bens e serviços industriais e trabalhadores de serviços/vendedores de loja apresentaram os maiores percentuais para dorsalgias (54,4% e 20,7%) e incapacidade funcional permanente (54,7% e 16,3%). Conclusões: O aumento das notificações das dorsalgias ocupacionais e a redução das incapacidades funcionais representam um avanço em relação ao reconhecimento, diagnóstico, notificação e atenção ao problema, mas continuam representando um desafio para a atenção à saúde dos trabalhadores.

Abstract Introduction: back pain and disabilities are occupational health problems with economic and social repercussions. Objective: to describe the reported cases of back pain and functional disability in Brazil. Methods: case series study of work-related back pain registered as Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), Ministry of Health, in Brazil, from 2007 to 2012. Incidence rates (IR) for back pain and permanent disabilities were calculated as well as frequencies of sociodemographic and occupational variables. Results: 8,172 back pain cases were registered in the period. The IR of back pain was 1.1 per 100,000 workers in 2007 and 1.9 per 100,000 workers in 2012, and the IR of work-related functional disability was 0.12 per 100,000 in 2007 and 0.10 per 100,000 in 2012. Industrial goods and services workers and services workers/retail salespersons showed the highest percentages for back pains (54.4% and 20.7%) and permanent functional disability (54.7% and 16.3%). Conclusions: The increase in reports of occupational back pain and the reduction of functional disabilities represent an advance regarding the recognition, diagnosis, notification and attention to the problem, but are still a challenge to workers' health care.

Serum Ionized Calcium Quantification for Staging Canine Periodontal Disease: A Preliminary Study.

Periodontal diseases (PD) are infectious, inflammatory, progressive diseases of the oral cavity affecting people and dogs. PD takes 2 forms: gingivitis and periodontitis. Diagnosing or staging PD can be achieved only with dental x-rays and periodontal probing, both of which require the use of general anesthesia in dogs. This study aimed to determine whether serum ionized calcium ([iCa(2+)]) levels can be useful in preliminary PD staging in dogs. A sample of 40 dogs (n = 40) was divided into 4 groups (n = 10 each) based on the following PD stages: G1 (gingivitis), G2 (initial periodontitis), G3 (moderate periodontitis), and G4 (severe periodontitis). The groups were then subjected to [iCa(2+)] quantification. Statistically significant differences were observed between PD stages and [iCa(2+)] for all stages except G3 and G4. Therefore, this parameter can be used as an additional tool to establish and monitor preliminary PD status.

Radiological and surgical implications of neoadjuvant treatment with FOLFIRINOX for locally advanced and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.

PURPOSE: On the basis of the ACCORD trial, FOLFIRINOX is effective in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), making it a rational choice for locally advanced PDAC (LA). Aims of this study are to evaluate the accuracy of imaging in determining the resectability of PDAC and to determine the surgical and clinicopathologic outcomes of pancreatic resections after neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinicopathologic data were retrospectively collected for surgical PDAC patients receiving neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX or no neoadjuvant therapy between April 2011 and February 2014. Americas Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association/Society of Surgical Oncology/Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract consensus guidelines defined LA and borderline. Imaging was reviewed by a blinded senior pancreatic surgeon. RESULTS: Of 188 patients undergoing resection for PDAC, 40 LA/borderline received FOLFIRINOX and 87 received no neoadjuvant therapy. FOLFIRINOX resulted in a significant decrease in tumor size, yet 19 patients were still classified as LA and 9 as borderline. Despite post-FOLFIRINOX imaging suggesting continued unresectability, 92% had an R0 resection. When compared with no neoadjuvant therapy, FOLFIRINOX resulted in significantly longer operative times (393 vs 300 minutes) and blood loss (600 vs 400 mL), but significantly lower operative morbidity (36% vs 63%) and no postoperative pancreatic fistulas. Length of stay (6 vs 7 days), readmissions (20% vs 30%), and mortality were equivalent (1% vs 0%). On final pathology, the FOLFIRINOX group had a significant decrease in lymph node positivity (35% vs 79%) and perineural invasion (72% vs 95%). Median follow-up was 11 months with a significant increase in overall survival with FOLFIRINOX. CONCLUSIONS: After neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX imaging no longer predicts unresectability. Traditional pathologic predictors of survival are improved, and morbidity is decreased in comparison to patients with clearly resectable cancers at the time of presentation.

Rheology as a Tool to Predict the Release of Alpha-Lipoic Acid from Emulsions Used for the Prevention of Skin Aging.

The availability of an active substance through the skin depends basically on two consecutive steps: the release of this substance from the vehicle and its subsequent permeation through the skin. Hence, studies on the specific properties of vehicles, such as their rheological behavior, are of great interest in the field of dermatological products. Recent studies have shown the influence of the rheological features of a vehicle on the release of drugs and active compounds from the formulation. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the rheological features of two different emulsion formulations on the release of alpha-lipoic acid. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) was chosen for this study because of its antioxidant characteristics, which could be useful for the prevention of skin diseases and aging. The rheological and mechanical behavior and the in vitro release profile were assayed. The results showed that rheological features, such as viscosity, thixotropy, and compliance, strongly influenced the release of ALA from the emulsion and that the presence of a hydrophilic polymer in one of the emulsions was an important factor affecting the rheology and, therefore, the release of ALA.

Retenção do selante ionomérico em molares na fase de irrupção na primeira infância / Ionomers sealants retention in teeth molars in irruption in early childhood

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a retenção do cimento de ionômero de vidro, Vitro Molar®, como selante de fóssulas e fissuras em molares decíduos em irrupção. As crianças incluídas tinham de 1 a 3 anos de idade e pertenciam ao “Projeto Primeiro Sorriso” na cidade São Luiz do Paraitinga/SP. Na amostra (n=20), realizada por um pesquisador calibrado, foi feita profilaxia prévia com pasta profilática e escova Robinson, isolamento relativo, condicionamento com ácido poliacrílico 25% durante 10 segundos, feito enxágue e secagem com papel absorvente, inserção do material ao longo das fóssulas e fissuras com auxílio de espátula de inserção, aguardo da perda do aspecto brilhante do material, e pressão digital com vaselina. A avaliação da retenção dos selantes foi realizada por meio do Sistema de Avaliação de Selantes CCC; no qual foi realizado exame clínico por outro pesquisador cego calibrado e os dentes foram codificados em 4 escores: escore 0- selante presente em toda o sistema de fissuras; escore 1- selante presente em mais de 50% do sistema de fissuras; escore 2- selante presente em menos de 50% do sistema de fissuras; escore 3- selante ausente. O intervalo de acompanhamento foi de 3 e 6 meses. Após 3 meses de acompanhamento, foi visto que 86% dos casos apresentou ausência do material; e após 6 meses, 100% dos casos havia ausência do material. A partir daí, foi concluído que a retenção do selamento com ionômero de vidro da superfície oclusal de molares decíduos foi baixa...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the retention of glass ionomer cement, Vitro Molar ®, as pits and fissures sealant in primary molars erupting. The children included were 1-3 years old and belonged to the “Project First Smile” in the city of São Luiz Paraitinga-SP. The sample (n = 20) performed by a calibrated researcher, prior prophylaxis was done with prophylactic paste and brush Robinson, relative isolation, etching with 25% polyacrylic acid for 10 seconds, made rinsing and drying with tissue paper, the material entering the Over the pits and fissures with insertion spatula aid, pending the loss of bright material aspect, and digital pressure with Vaseline. The evaluation of retention of sealants was carried out through the CCC Sealant Evaluation System; which underwent clinical examination by the blind researcher calibrated and teeth were coded on 4 scores: score 0- this sealant in all the cracks system; This sealant 1- score by more than 50% of the cracking system; This sealant 2- score less than 50% of the cracking system; score 3 missing sealant. The follow-up interval was 3 and 6 months. After 3 months of follow up, it was seen that 86% of the cases presented absence of the material; and after 6 months, 100% there was lack of material. From there, it was concluded that the retention of the seal with glass ionomer of the occlusal surface of molars was low...

Habitus, gênero de discurso e gênero de atividade: construtos para compreender o trabalho docente / Habitus, speech genre and genre of activity: constructs for comprehending teachers' work

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar um diálogo entre os conceitos de habitus (Bourdieu), gênero de discurso (Bakhtin) e gênero de atividade (Clot), pensando em sua contribuição para a análise do trabalho docente. Os três conceitos versam sobre a tensão dialética entre a dinâmica social e a ação dos agentes/sujeitos/indivíduos. Bourdieu, Bakhtin e Clot dialogam com os autores dos seus respectivos campos do conhecimento e criticam a visão dicotômica dessa relação social/individual. Os autores apontam para um sujeito que age e se constitui a partir de uma história de práticas e de discursos socialmente produzidos. Neste texto indaga-se sobre as possíveis aproximações e as distinções conceituais que possam propiciar um refinamento conceitual e teórico e contribuir para a análise do trabalho docente, atividade profissional que se realiza em meio a uma história de práticas e dizeres já existentes, constituídos por aqueles que vivenciam/vivenciaram a profissão.

This text presents a dialog between the concepts of habitus (Bourdieu), speech genre (Bakhtin) and genre of activity (Clot) in order to contribute to the analysis of teachers' work. These three concepts address the dialectic tension between the social dynamics and the action of agents/subjects/individuals. Bourdieu, Bakhtin and Clot have held a dialog with the authors of their respective fields of knowledge and criticized the dichotomous vision of this social-individual relation. They highlight subjects who act and constitute themselves from a history of socially produced practices and speeches. We thus investigate possible conceptual approximations and distinctions that may favor a conceptual and theoretical refinement and contribute to the analysis of teachers' work: a professional activity that occurs amidst a history of practices and speeches that already exist and have been constituted by those who live(d) this profession.

Ontogeny of the pericarp of Serjania communis Camb. and Urvillea ulmacea Kunth (Sapindaceae) with emphasis on the dispersion apparatus / Ontogênese do pericarpo de Serjania communis Camb. e Urvillea ulmacea Kunth (Sapindaceae) com ênfase no aparelho de dispersão

The pericarp development of Serjania communis Camb. and Urvillea ulmacea Kunth was described to expand the structural knowledge of Sapindaceae fruit. Ovaries and fruits were analyzed with usual techniques in plant anatomy. Ovary is structurally similar and the occurrence of glandular and non-glandular trichomes varies between species. In S. communis, the samaroid schizocarp has proximal wings and distal cavities; in U. ulmacea, the fruit presents septicidal and septifragal passive dehiscence and each seed chamber presents a dorsal wing. The unistratified exocarp has long pluricellular, uniseriate and sparse trichomes in U. ulmacea. The mesocarp is spongy, parenchymatous and in S. communis it presents three distinguished regions. Dorsal, lateral and ventral vascular bundles are more developed in S. communis and fiber caps on the phloem in the lateral bundles have an important role on the mericarp separation. The endocarp derives from the adaxial meristem and its oblique and tangentially elongated cells become lignified. The wings originate from a more active meristem ­ at the ovarian edges ­ and by intense divisions of ovarian mesophyll in this region. Fruit of U. ulmacea can represent a transition state between the samaroid schizocarp formed by Serjania and the septifragal capsule produced by Cardiospermum.

O presente estudo descreve aspectos morfológicos e o desenvolvimento do pericarpo de Serjania communis Camb. e Urvillea ulmacea Kunth ampliando o conhecimento estrutural dos frutos de Sapindaceae. Foram coletados e analisados ovários e frutos seguindo técnicas usuais em anatomia vegetal. O ovário estruturalmente similar e a ocorrência de tricomas glandulares e não glandulares varia entre as espécies. Em S. communis, o esquizocarpo samaroide apresenta ala proximal e cavidade distal; em U. ulmacea, o fruto apresenta deiscência passiva septicida e septifraga e cada cavidade seminal apresenta uma ala dorsal. O exocarpo uniestratificado tem tricomas pluricelulares longos, unisseriados e esparsos em U. ulmacea. O mesocarpo é parenquimático e esponjoso e em S. communis apresenta três regiões distintas. Os feixes vasculares dorsais, laterais e ventrais são mais desenvolvidos em S. communis e as calotas de fibras sobre o floema nos feixes laterais participam da separação dos mericarpos. O endocarpo deriva do meristema adaxial e suas células oblíqua e tangencialmente alongadas tornam-se lignificadas. As alas originam-se de um meristema mais ativo ­ nas arestas do ovário ­ e por divisões intensas no mesofilo ovariano nessa região. O fruto de U. ulmacea pode representar a transição entre o esquizocarpo samaroide de Serjania e a cápsula septifraga de Cardiospermum.