[Monitoring of an occupational risk as a tool of workers' health care under harmful conditions].

The authors made a hygienic assessment of working conditions at the public corporation "RUSAL-Novokuznetsk", on the basis of which a personified database was set up. They calculated the occupational risks of fluorine intoxication in 1162 workers exposed to adverse industrial factors. The data of monitoring of the professional risk make it possible to predict the efficiency of working conditions-improving measures, and to plan the scope and priority of preventive measures in order to manage a risk for the prevention of occupational diseases.

[Monitoring and controlling risk of occupational morbidity on aluminium plant].

The authors specified and introduced a system monitoring occupational diseases (fluor intoxication) on aluminium plant. Clinical examination of workers in groups with various risk levels proved design values to be reliable. Suggestions included main principles of risk management to decrease probability of occupational diseases in aluminium production.

[Using nutriceutics for occupational fluorosis prevention].

The article deals with pathogenesis of occupational fluorosis. Clinical studies demonstrated changes in bone mineral density among workers with 15-20 years of service. Experimental studies proved that occupational fluorosis is associated withcalcium dysbalance,bone tissue resorption and calcium washout. Nutriceutics ("Zolotoi shar", "Korallovy kalcii") in occupational fluorosis play preventive role.

[Hemostasis disorders in patients with occupational fluorosis are risk factors for IHD].

The studies covered hemostasis changes in workers with occupational fluorosis. The disorders diagnosed could be a risk factor for IHD in aluminium production workers

[Genetic markers of occupational susceptibility to fluorosis]. / Nekotorye geneticheskie markery podverzhennosti professional'nomu fliuorozu.

To determine markers showing propensity to occupational fluorosis, the authors studied prevalence of ABO, Rh, MN, ABH and Lewis phenotypes, systemic rhesus haplotypes in 229 workers engaged into aluminum production. Propensity to occupational fluorosis was marked by P (+), O (ABO) phenotypes. P (-) phenotype appeared to be a marker of resistance to fluorides exposure. The results obtained could be useful to forecast probability of fluorosis and to better this disease prevention.

[Unstable chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident consequences]. / Nestabil'nye khromosomnye aberratsii v limfotsitakh uchastnikov likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

AIM: Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes for detecting unstable chromosome aberrations in liquidators of the Chernobyl disaster consequences and in residents of territories contaminated after the accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested for unstable chromosome aberrations in 216 subjects who worked for different periods after the Chernobyl accident in 1986-1987 in the 30-km zone and at adjacent territories. The results were correlated to the duration of stay in the zone, terms of examination after the work, exposure dose fixed in the files, deviations in the health status and blood values, and with similar data on 21 residents of the stringent control regions of the Gomel district and 265 patients with different hematological diseases and donor blood samples exposed in vitro. RESULTS: Chromosome aberrations detected in the examined group are represented by dicentrics, paired and nonpaired fragments, acentric rings, and gaps. CONCLUSION: Although not everything is yet clear, we consider that detection of unstable chromosome aberrations of the dicentric type in lymphocytes of subjects who participated in liquidation of the accident consequences in remote periods after exposure persuasively proves that a radiation exposure, no matter what its dose was, took place, and hence, there are good grounds for including the subjects with aberrations in the high risk group. On the other hand, the absence of such aberrations does not rule out the detrimental effect of radiation on the organism.

[Morphogenesis of occupational fluoride osteopathy]. / Morfogenez professional'noi ftoristoi osteopatii.

Fluor osteopathy, as the authors suppose, is a morphologic repetition of phylogenesis early stages in osteogenesis. Thus, osteosclerosis and osteoporosis demonstrated by X-ray should be considered as manifestation of bone fluorosis. Fluor-induced changes of bone tissue could not be adequately termed as "osteoporosis" and "osteosclerosis", so is defined as "fluor osteopathy".

Frequencies of unstable chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Chernobyl emergency accident workers.

On the basis of the investigation of unstable chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Chernobyl accident emergency workers, of residents of the contaminated areas, of patients with blood diseases and of donor's blood irradiated in vitro it is stated that presence of unstable chromosome aberrations such as dicentrics in lymphocytes of emergency workers and residents indicates that they have been overexposed. However, in the absence of the described aberrations in individuals involved in emergency work or in residents years after accident it is impossible to reject the overexposure.

[Immunological disorders in chronic bronchitis]. / Immunologicheskie narusheniia pri khronicheskom bronkhite.

The paper considers changes of cellular and humoral immunity in 181 chronic sufferers with bronchitis. The disease forms and severity were suggested to be evolutionary stages. There was suppression of immunological reactivity most evident in T-cell system and interleukin-1 in progressive chronic bronchitis. Immunological shifts proved more severe in obstructive chronic bronchitis complicated by pulmonary emphysema and chronic cor pulmonale. Alterations in immunological status may contribute to progression of chronic bronchitis.

[Incidence of nonspecific myocardial changes in the native inhabitants of different climatic and geographical areas of Mongolia]. / Chastota nespetsificheskikh izmenenii miokarda u korennykh zhitelei razlichnykh klimatogeograficheskikh zon Mongolii.

Nonspecific myocardial changes were studied in 1357 aboriginal males, aged 20 to 59 years and living in 4 different climatic and geographic regions of Mongolia. ECG analysis and interpretation was based on the Minnesota code (3-2, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3). Nonspecific changes in the T wave, STj and ST segment were particularly frequent in records from leads V1-4, and minimal in records from the left chest leads (V5-6). These features were detected in 21.9 +/- 2.7% (p less than 0.01) of the Khangai population, 14.6 +/- 2.2% (p less than 0.01) of the Gobi-Altaic population, 6.0 +/- 2.8% in mid-altitude people, and 4.0 +/- 1.2% in low altitude ones. A comparison of the two former, high-altitude, populations showed the changes to occur more frequently (by 7.3%) in Khangai population, as compared to Gobi-Altaic residents (p less than 0.05), suggesting that the development of nonspecific myocardial changes is influenced by other, more forceful, factors, such as cold, as well as the altitude factor. The incidence of nonspecific myocardial changes increases with age. Differential diagnosis of coronary heart disease should use exercise testing in addition to the Minnesota code criteria.

[Age- and sex-related aspects of changes in external respiratory functions in the population of high-altitude Mongolia]. / Vozrastnye i polovye aspekty izmeneniia funktsii vneshnego dykhaniia u zhitelei vysokogor'ia MNR.

External respiratory function was explored in 191 aborigenes living in high mountains (2300 m above the sea level) and in 233 aborigenes living in low mountains (800 m above the sea level). It was established that during long-term high-altitude adaptation, there was a substantial increase in the static and dynamic lung volumes with an appropriate reduction in the residual lung volume. Such adaptation reactions made oxygen consumption remain at the subnormal level which was 40-50 ml/min less in the population living in high mountains as compared with that living in low mountains. It was revealed that in mountaineers, the age-associated involution of the majority of the parameters of external respiration occurred 10 years later on the average than in the population living in low mountains. The compensatory abilities of the external respiratory apparatus were found to be higher in women than in men and to be preserved for a longer time with physiological aging.

[Mechanisms of blood rheological disorders and their role in the progression of chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Mekhanizmy gemoreologicheskikh narushenii i ikh rol' v progressirovanii khronicheskogo obstruktivnogo bronkhita.

In patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, the rheological blood properties progressively deteriorate as the pulmonary insufficiency increases. These disorders are mainly caused by enhancement of red cell aggregation. The most remarkable disorders of the blood viscosity, e. g. the pathologically high viscosity syndrome, are recorded in patients with associated decompensated cor pulmonale and secondary erythrocytosis because of the hemoconcentration effect. Besides, the increase in the blood viscosity is dependent on the reduction in the propulsive capacity of the myocardium and acid-base unbalance. The role of the disorders of the blood viscosity in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension is discussed.

[Various features of the hemodynamics of native inhabitants of different mountainous zones of the Mongolian People's Republic]. / Nekotorye osobennosti gemodinamiki u korennykh zhitelei razlichnykh gornykh zon MNR.

The native inhabitants of Mongolia living at relatively moderate altitudes (2200-2300 m) showed a statistically decreased heart rate, elevated venous pressure, cardiac output and stroke volume as well as a reduced rate of the blood flow which should be considered as compensatory responses to high altitude and cold hypoxia. In inhabitants of colder zones the systolic pressure was 132 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, the diastolic pressure was 83.8 +/- 0.6 mm Hg as against 122.8 +/- 1.0 and 77.6 +/- 0.6 mm Hg, respectively, in inhabitants of warmer zones (p less than 0.01). The incidence of blood hypertension in 40-69-year-olds in cold zones equaled 19 +/- 2.5% as compared to 8.3 +/- 2.1% (p less than 0.01) in warmer high altitude zones. No correlation was found between the subjects' blood pressure and the altitude of their place of living which suggests that high altitude hypoxia has no decisive effect on the blood pressure and that the significantly higher prevalence of hypertension in cold zones can be explained by the impact of a complex of adverse climate and geographic factors, with low temperatures being especially important.