RESUMEN
Temperate bacteriophage MAV1 is found in certain highly virulent strains of Mycoplasma arthritidis. Integration sites, portions of the right and left prophage ends, and flanking DNA from eight prophages in seven M. arthritidis strains were characterized in this study. attb and attp sites conformed for the most part to the consensus sequence TATTTTT, although minor polymorphisms were noted. Prophages were integrated into similar sites in four strains, suggesting that these strains may have had a common ancestor. Two strains had three prophage copies each, and integration sites were identical. Two strains had two copies each. One of these shared two of the integration sites occupied in the three-copy strains, while the other shared one of these sites and harbored a second prophage in a unique site. Integration sites in the two strains with one prophage each were unique. Four MAV1 copies contained extensive substitutions within a region encoding a putative structural protein and the putative repressor protein. A 3-kb fragment was deleted from the right side of two of these copies. It is proposed that polymorphisms within MAV1 prophage integration sites and within the prophages themselves may help to identify phylogenetic relationships among virulent M. arthritidis strains.
Asunto(s)
Lisogenia/genética , Mycoplasma arthritidis/virología , Polimorfismo Genético , Profagos/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Sitios de Ligazón Microbiológica/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Reordenamiento Génico/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mycoplasma arthritidis/genética , Mycoplasma arthritidis/metabolismo , Profagos/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Eliminación de Secuencia/genéticaRESUMEN
There is little multivariate, multiphasic research on childbirth pain and satisfaction. We explored the relationship of demographic, medical, psychological, and environmental variables at different times to multiple indices of pain and satisfaction in 70 primiparae and multiparae. Induced labor, desirability of pregnancy, and coach's helpfulness predicted sensory pain. Duration of labor, depression, and outcome expectancy that childbirth education would facilitate medication-free childbirth predicted affective pain. Physician-anticipated complications, induced labor, and motivation to be medication-free predicted pain intensity. Grade level predicted-satisfaction. The results also demonstrated differences between primiparae and multiparae in the pattern of variables that explained pain and satisfaction as well as the temporal sensitivity of pain predictors. We discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice.
Asunto(s)
Trabajo de Parto/psicología , Dolor/psicología , Satisfacción del Paciente , Depresión Posparto/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Trabajo de Parto Inducido/psicología , Motivación , Parto Normal/psicología , Paridad , EmbarazoRESUMEN
During the past few years, hospitals have been actively evaluating the use of newer-type stocking systems for their pharmacies. While "stockless," a just-in-time (JIT) variation, appears to be emerging as perhaps the most promising method, it is far from being accepted as the industry standard. Because of growing concern for health care reform, with its cost containment component, it may well be anticipated that both the pace and profoundness of these efforts will continue to intensify.