Análise imunohistoquímica do Gata-3 e Il-4 em carcinomas epidermóides de lábio inferior e língua oral / Immunohistochemical analysis of Gata-3 and Il-4 in squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip and oral tongue

O carcinoma epidermoide (CE) é a neoplasia maligna mais comum na cavidade oral, sendo o lábio inferior e a língua oral os sítios de maior ocorrência. Como todas as neoplasias malignas, o CE tem etiologia é multifatorial, com forte associação com o tabagismo, etilismo e exposição crônica a radiação solar. Na atualidade muitos estudos têm voltado atenção para o papel da resposta inflamatória no desenvolvimento e crescimento tumoral, principalmente no que se refere à resposta imune celular. O objetivo desse estudo é a analisar a expressão do GATA-3 e da IL-4 em carcinoma epidermoide de lábio inferior (CELI) e de língua oral (CELO). Os casos selecionados foram classificados de acordo com a gradação histológica de malignidade da OMS e a análise imunohistoquímica do GATA-3 e IL-4 em 57 casos de CELI e CELO. Os resultados mostraram significância estatística do GATA-3 no estroma (p < 0,05) dessas lesões e da IL-4 no parênquima (p < 0,01), no estroma (p < 0,01) e no parênquima e estroma juntos (p < 0,01). Revelou também correlação positiva entre a expressão do GATA-3 no parênquima e a IL-4 no parênquima (r = 0.438; p = 0.001), entre o GATA-3 no parênquima e a IL-4 no estroma (r = 0.378; p = 0.004), e entre o GATA-3 no parênquima e a IL-4 no parênquima e estroma (r = 0.348; p = 0.008). Portanto, em todos os casos se observou a presença da resposta Th2, implicando na abertura de um novo horizonte nessa área para novos estudos que possam contribuir para o entendimento dessa resposta no crescimento e desenvolvimento dessas lesões (AU).

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm in the oral cavity, with the lower lip and oral tongue being the most frequent sites. Like all malignancies, SCC has etiology is multifactorial, with strong association with smoking, alcoholism and chronic exposure to solar radiation. At present many studies have turned attention to the role of the inflammatory response in the development and tumor growth, mainly with respect to the cellular immune response. The aim of this study is to analyze the expression of GATA-3 and IL-4 in squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip (SCCLL) and oral tongue (SCCOT). The selected cases were classified according to the WHO histological grading of malignancy and the immunohistochemical analysis of GATA-3 and IL-4 in 57 cases of SCCLL and SCCOT. The results showed statistical significance of GATA-3 in the stromal (p < 0.05) of these lesions and IL-4 in the parenchyma (p < 0.01), in the stroma (p < 0.01) and in the parenchyma and stroma together (p < 0.01). It also showed a positive correlation between the expression of GATA-3 in the parenchyma and IL-4 in the parenchyma (r = 0.438, p = 0.001), between GATA-3 in the parenchyma and IL-4 in the stroma (r = 0.378; p = 0.004), and between GATA-3 in the parenchyma and IL-4 in the parenchyma and stroma (r = 0.348; p = 0.008). Therefore, in all cases, the presence of the Th2 response was observed, implying the opening of new horizons in this area for new studies that may contribute to the understanding of this response in the growth and development of these lesions (AU).

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 analysis in patients with periodontal disease with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate information on the levels of MMP-8 in patients diagnosed with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontal disease, analyzing its validity as a possible biomarker for the diagnosis and progression of periodontal disease (PD). METHODS: A systematic search of the following databases was performed: PubMed/Medline, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), EMBASE and Web of Science. Studies involving the evaluation of MMP-8 in patients with prediabetes or patients presenting type 2 diabetes mellitus concomitantly with PD were selected. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the selected studies was based on the methodological bias risk analysis (QUADAS-2). RESULTS: Eight of the initially identified 2683 articles were selected. In all the selected studies, evaluator calibration and the use of clear methods for patient diagnosis with periodontal disease were present. Studies have demonstrated significantly higher MMP-8 concentrations in PD patients compared to controls, as well as in patients presenting more advanced stages of PD. However, controversies regarding MMP-8 levels in prediabetes/diabetes type 2 patients with PD. CONCLUSIONS: Higher MMP-8 levels in patients with PD compared to controls imply the potential use of MMP-8 in the diagnosis of PD. The influence of patient glycemic state, as well as medications these patients make use of, are factors that possibly contribute to the modulation of MMP-8 concentrations in patients with diabetes and should be analyzed, aiming at a better understanding of the relationship between glycemic state and MMP-8 levels in patients with PD.

Chlorhexidine to treat oral mucositis in patients with acute leukemia: systematic review / Uso da clorexidina no tratamento da mucosite oral em pacientes com leucemia aguda: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Leukemias impair hematopoietic stem-cells shunting and promote a proliferation of malignant cells without functional competence. Studies point that oral manifestations such as pain, hyperplasia and gum bleeding may be one of the first signs in leukemia patients. In light of the above, this study aimed at carrying out a systematic analysis of articles published in the last 15 years, with regard to chlorhexidine to treat and prevent mucositis in acute leukemia children under chemotherapy.CONTENTS:A systematic search of articles published between January 2000 and January 2015 was carried out in Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct and LILACS databases. After systematic search, 6 articles have fulfilled all methodological inclusion criteria. Chlorhexidine is an important means of preventing and treating oral mucositis and studies refer that 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate effectiveness is probably related to its bactericide action. Adequate oral hygiene is important to prevent mucositis and other therapeutic modalities have shown to be effective to treat and prevent oral mucositis.CONCLUSION:Chlorhexidine gluconate does not totally eliminate oral mucosa injuries, but is able to decrease their frequency and intensity without significant noxious effects. However, other drugs compared to chlorhexidine in this study may present better results.

RESUMOJUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS:As leucemias comprometem a derivação das células-tronco hematopoiéticas e promovem uma proliferação de células malignas sem competência funcional. Estudos apontam que manifestações orais como dor, hiperplasia e sangramento gengival podem ser um dos primeiros sinais em pacientes com leucemia. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise sistemática de artigos publicados nos últimos 15 anos, no que diz respeito ao uso da clorexidina no tratamento e prevenção da mucosite em crianças com leucemia aguda em quimioterapia.CONTEÚDO:Uma busca sistemática de artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2000 e janeiro de 2015 foi feita nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, Science Directe LILACS. Após pesquisa sistemática 6 artigos preencheram todos os critérios de inclusão metodológica. A clorexidina é um importante meio de prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral e estudos referem que a efetividade do gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% está provavelmente relacionada à sua ação bactericida. A correta higienização oral tem importante papel na prevenção da mucosite e outras formas terapêuticas demonstram ser eficazes no tratamento e prevenção da mucosite oral.CONCLUSÃO:O gluconato de clorexidina não elimina totalmente as lesões de mucosa oral, mas é capaz de diminuir sua frequência e intensidade sem apresentar efeitos deletérios significativos no paciente. Entretanto, outros fármacos comparados à clorexidina neste estudo podem apresentar melhores resultados.

Clinicopathological characteristics and perineural invasion in adenoid cystic carcinoma: a systematic review / Características clinicopatológicas e invasão perineural do carcinoma adenoide cístico

INTRODUCTION: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor of the submandibular gland and the minor salivary glands. It is a malignant neoplasm that, despite its slow growth, shows an unfavorable prognosis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on Adenoid cystic carcinoma in the head and neck region and its clinicopathological characteristics, with emphasis on the perineural invasion capacity of the tumor. METHODS: A systematic search of articles published between January 2000 and January 2014 was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. RESULTS: Nine articles were selected for this systematic review. These demonstrated that the female gender was more often affected and that malignant tumors showed a high rate of distant metastasis, recurrence, and a low survival rate. The presence of perineural invasion ranged from 29.4% to 62.5% and was associated with local tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is commonly characterized by the presence of pain, high rate of recurrence, metastasis, and a low survival rate. Reporting studies with patient follow-up is of utmost importance for a better clinical-pathological understanding and to improve the prognosis of this pathology. .

INTRODUÇÃO: O carcinoma adenoide cístico (CAC) é o tumor maligno mais frequente da glândula Submandibular e das glândulas salivares menores. Sendo uma neoplasia maligna, apesar de ter crescimento lento, apresenta um prognóstico desfavorável. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobreo carcinoma adenóide cístico na região de cabeça e pescoço e suas características clínico-patológicas com ênfase na capacidade de infiltração perineural do tumor. MÉTODO: Uma busca sistemática de artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2000 a janeiro de 2014 foi executada nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct e Scopus. RESULTADOS: Nove artigos foram selecionados para realização da revisão sistemática. Nestes, o sexo feminino foi o mais afetado e o tumor maligno apresentou uma alta taxa de metástase a distância, recidiva e baixa taxa de sobrevida. A presença de invasão perineural variou entre 29,4% a 62,5% e foi relacionada à recidiva local do tumor. CONCLUSÃO: O CAC é comumente caracterizado pela presença de dor, alta taxa de recidiva, metástase e baixa sobrevida. A realização de estudos com acompanhamento dos pacientes é de extrema importância para uma melhor avaliação clinico-patológica visando melhorar o prognóstico da doença. .

Clinicopathological characteristics and perineural invasion in adenoid cystic carcinoma: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor of the submandibular gland and the minor salivary glands. It is a malignant neoplasm that, despite its slow growth, shows an unfavorable prognosis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on Adenoid cystic carcinoma in the head and neck region and its clinicopathological characteristics, with emphasis on the perineural invasion capacity of the tumor. METHODS: A systematic search of articles published between January 2000 and January 2014 was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. RESULTS: Nine articles were selected for this systematic review. These demonstrated that the female gender was more often affected and that malignant tumors showed a high rate of distant metastasis, recurrence, and a low survival rate. The presence of perineural invasion ranged from 29.4% to 62.5% and was associated with local tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is commonly characterized by the presence of pain, high rate of recurrence, metastasis, and a low survival rate. Reporting studies with patient follow-up is of utmost importance for a better clinical-pathological understanding and to improve the prognosis of this pathology.