RESUMEN
We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in a total of 1101 Ecuadorian individuals from three regions of the country, the Coastal region, the Andean region, and the Amazonian region, to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium. We find that the most frequent HLA haplotypes with significant linkage disequilibrium in those populations are HLA-A*24â¼B*35â¼DRB1*04â¼DQB1*03:02, A*02â¼B*35â¼DRB1*04â¼DQB1*03:02, A*24â¼B*35â¼DRB1*14â¼DQB1*03:01, A*02â¼B*35â¼DRB1*14â¼DQB1*03:01 and A*02â¼B*40:02â¼DRB1*04â¼DQB1*03:02. The only non-Native American haplotype with frequency >1% shared by all groups was A*29â¼B*44â¼DRB1*07â¼DQB1*02. Admixture estimates obtained by a maximum likelihood method using HLA-B as genetic estimator revealed that the main genetic components for this sample of mixed-ancestry Ecuadorians are Native American (ranging from 52.86% to 63.83%) and European (from 28.95% to 46.54%), while an African genetic component was only apparent in the Coastal region (18.19%). Our findings provide a starting point for the study of population immunogenetics of Ecuadorian populations.
Asunto(s)
Genotipo , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Cadenas beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Grupos de Población , Alelos , Ecuador , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genética de Población , Haplotipos , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMEN
La Universidad de La Salle hace seguimiento a sus graduados para mejorar la calidad de la educacióny sus procesos de autoevaluación y redimensión curricular. Objetivo: hacer seguimiento a los graduados en el periodo 2000-2010 del programa de Optometría. Materiales y métodos: se encuestó a los egresados sobre: actualización de datos, formación académica, desempeño yubicación laboral, actividades científico-académicas y satisfacción. Se tabuló e integró la informacióna la base de datos existente y se realizó análisis estadístico de los resultados. Resultados:se encuestaron 182 egresados en el periodo establecido (28,9%): el 1,6% ha cursado maestría, el12,6% especializaciones, el 33,5% diplomados y el 13,7% cursos de actualización; el 81% ejerceen Bogotá, el 7% en Medellín y en menor porcentaje en ciudades como Yopal, Tunja, Cali o Villavicencio; el 85% manifestó querer realizar estudios en el futuro; el 1% pertenece a alguna comunidad científica o gremial y el 2,7% ha recibido premios y reconocimientos. Conclusiones: sehizo seguimiento al 28,9% de los egresados en el periodo 2000-2010 del programa de Optometría.Se observó una baja tendencia a la actualización profesional y una tendencia a elegir áreas delconocimiento complementarias a la optometría para realizar estudios (gerencia y administraciónen salud, salud ocupacional y salud pública). La mayoría ejerce en las ciudades capitales y, en general, tiene una baja tendencia a la agremiación y a la participación en comunidades científicas.
La Salle University keeps track of its alumni, looking to improve the quality of the education as well as its self-assessment and curricular re-dimensioning processes. Objective: To track the Optometry Programs alumni for the 2000-2010 period. Materials and Methodologies: Alumni had toanswer a survey about: Personal information update, education, work performance and positioning, scientific-academic activities and satisfaction. Information was tabulated and entered into the existing database, and a statistical analysis of the results was made. Results: Survey was made to 182 alumni from the designated period (28.9%): 1.6% has pursued a masters degree, 12.6% aspecialization, 33.5% a certification course, and 13.7% a refresher course; 81% works in Bogota,7% in Medellin, and smaller percentages work in other cities such as Yopal, Tunja, Cali or Villavicencio; 85% expressed their wish to pursue further studies in the future; 1% is part of a scientificor trade-union community, and 2.7% has received awards and acknowledgements. Conclusions: 28.9% of the Optometry Programs alumni for the 2000-2010 period were tracked. A low tendencyto pursuing professional update is observed, as well as a tendency to choose areas of knowledgethat are complementary to optometry when pursuing further studies (health management andadministration, occupational health and public health). Most of them practice in capital citiesand have an overall low tendency to joining trade unions or participating in scientific communities.