A laparoscopic approach to allograft nephrectomy and bilateral native nephrectomy: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery is rapidly emerging as the standard of care for a variety of urological conditions, even among patients who have undergone prior renal transplantation. We describe the technique of bilateral native nephrectomy and allograft nephrectomy by laparoscopy. CASE REPORT: A 32-year-old man with end-stage renal disease who had undergone a cadaveric renal transplant presented with chronic graft dysfunction. He had received a living donor kidney transplant with a postoperative course complicated by persistent proteinuria and refractory hypertension. Our nephrology service indicated the need for bilateral native nephrectomy and allograft nephrectomy for better blood pressure control following a second transplant. Bilateral native nephrectomy was performed following the previous reported techniques for pure laparoscopic nephrectomy. Allograft nephrectomy started by dissection of the iliac vessels to identify the vascular anastomosis. The hilum of the transplanted kidney was accessed. The renal vessels were clipped and transected. The ureter was identified and clipped. All three kidneys were removed from the abdominal cavity through a 3-cm skin incision. RESULTS: The left nephrectomy took 25 minutes and the right nephrectomy, 40 minutes. The estimated blood loss was 300 mL and the total operative time was 210 minutes. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged on the third postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic allograft nephrectomy and bilateral native nephrectomy in a transplant recipient.

[Prevalence of vesicular lithiasis in hospitalized patients in Curitiba: ultrasonographic evaluation]. / Prevalência de litíase vesicular em pacientes hospitalizados em Curitiba: avaliação ultra-sonográfica.

The prevalence of gallstones was determined in Curitiba. A total of 384 patients older than 20 years of age was randomly selected from four general hospitals and subjected to ultrasonographic examination of the gallbladder. Of the 384 patients, 327 had normal gallbladder (85.2%) and 57 (14.8%) had gallstones (48 patients) or had been previously subjected to cholecystectomy due to gallstones (9 patients). Six out of the 48 patients with gallstones referred biliary colic (12.5%). Gallstone prevalence increased with age and number of pregnancies.