RESUMEN
AIM: To analyse the relationships between muscular fitness (MF), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and its combined ratio with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and whether the relationship between MF and CMR is mediated by body composition in schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on schoolchildren from Cuenca, Spain, between September and November 2017. FM and FFM were estimated using bioimpedance analysis. The CMR index was calculated from triglycerides-HDL-c ratio, arterial pressure and fasting insulin. The MF index was assessed using handgrip and standing long jump tests. Analysis of covariance models assessed CMR index differences across the MF index and the FM/FFM ratio categories. Mediation analysis examined whether the MF index and the CMR index association were mediated by FM, FFM or FM/FFM ratio. RESULTS: The analyses involved 485 schoolchildren aged 9-11 years (55.4% girls). Children with a higher MF index had a lower CMR index (p < 0.05). This association did not persist after controlling for FM/FFM. FM, FFM and FM/FFM ratio mediated the relationship between the MF index and the CMR index. CONCLUSION: Better levels of MF are associated with better cardiometabolic profile, but a healthy body composition is determinant to improve future health.
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Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Aptitud Física , Humanos , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Composición CorporalRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The main treatment for sleep apnoeas and hypopnoeas syndrome (SAHS) is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, patients sometimes do not adhere to the treatment protocol. Supplementary and complementary therapies have appeared as alternatives. Some of the therapies which are especially important are those related to myofunctional (MFT) and postural therapy (PT), as all of them are non-invasive, and their application is simpler than that of CPAP. We aim to present a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis for investigating new SAHS treatments, including the protocols and frequency of use and the effects they have on patient signs, symptoms and quality of life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The literature search will be conducted using the Cochrane, Web of Science, Medline (via PubMed) and Scopus databases, from January 2020 to December 2020. All types of studies written in English and Spanish that investigate the use of alternative SAHS treatments related to MFT, or more importantly, the combination of MFT and PRT, will be selected. To evaluate their quality, the Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional will be applied. The primary factor valued in the studies will be the inclusion of MFT and PT reeducation in the treatment. Subgroup analyses will be carried out evaluating the specific type of treatments chosen and the improvements or deteriorations in the level of health and quality of life in the patients. Finally, several patient-related outcomes, namely sleep quality, quality of life and sleep Apnoeas and Hypoapnoeas Index, will be examined. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: In this case, ethical approval is not necessary. The data used in the review will be exclusively obtained from published studies, implying there are no privacy concerns. The information obtained will be relevant to understand if the new treatments applied in SAHS are effective, and if postural and MFT therapy used together can be considered an appropriate approach to treat this disease.The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Presión de las Vías Aéreas Positiva Contínua , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Calidad de Vida , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño/terapia , Revisiones Sistemáticas como AsuntoRESUMEN
CONTEXT: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been widely used to prevent and treat cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and adults; nevertheless, the available evidence in children is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of HIIT interventions on improving cardiovascular risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children from 5 to 12 years old. DATA SOURCES: We searched 5 databases, Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of HIIT interventions on cardiometabolic risk factors and CRF in children were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Meta-analyses were conducted to determine the effect of HIIT on body composition, cardiometabolic and CRF variables in comparison with nontraining control groups. RESULTS: A total of 11 RCTs and 512 participants were included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed a significant improvement in peak oxygen uptake (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.28 to 1.12; P = 0.001], in total cholesterol [SMD = -1.09, 95% CI = -1.88 to -0.30; P = 0.007], in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [SMD = -1.28, 95% CI = -2.34 to -0.23; P = 0.017] and triglycerides [SMD = -0.71, 95% CI = -1.15 to -0.28; P = 0.001) levels. LIMITATIONS: Because of the small number of available RCTs, it was not possible to conduct a subgroup analysis or a linear meta-regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: HIIT is a feasible and time-efficient approach for improving CRF, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides levels in children.
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Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad , Adolescente , Composición Corporal , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Obesidad Infantil/terapia , Aptitud FísicaRESUMEN
Growing evidence has accumulated in recent years showing that movement behaviors have important implications for health in children, especially for cardiovascular health, whose risk factors could track from childhood to adulthood. However, these findings are mixed and inconsistent in children. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between different movement behaviors (sedentary behavior, physical activity and sleep duration) and cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren. The study shows cross-sectional results of baseline measurement from 146 Spanish schoolchildren, aged 8-to-11 years old, participating in the MOVI-2 study. Movement behaviors were determined using accelerometry combined with self-reported sleep time. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed using a validated metabolic syndrome index. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher levels of vigorous physical activity (OR = 0.110, p = 0.004) and sleeping more than 9 hours (OR = 0.269, p = 0.015) could be protective factors against metabolic syndrome risk in children. ANCOVA analysis showed associations between vigorous physical activity and waist circumference (p < 0.001), and sleep time with insulin resistance (p = 0.017) and lipid profile (p = 0.035). No association was observed between light and moderate physical activity, sedentary behavior and metabolic syndrome (index and components). No statistically significant differences were found for blood pressure and any of the movement behaviors. Our data suggest that both the amount of vigorous physical activity accumulated and sleep duration are independently associated with higher cardiometabolic risk in children.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Ejercicio Físico , Síndrome Metabólico/etiología , Conducta Sedentaria , Acelerometría , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , SueñoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: beverage consumption constitutes a source of children's daily energy intake. Some authors have suggested that consumption of caloric beverages is higher in children with a low socioeconomic position because families limit their spending on healthy food in order to save money. OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and Spanish children's beverage consumption. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted in a sub-sample of 182 children (74 girls) aged 9-11 from the province of Cuenca (Spain). Beverage consumption was assessed using the YANA-C assessment tool, validated for HELENA study. Data for parental socioeconomic status were gathered by using self-reported occupation and education questions answered by parents and classified according to the scale proposed by the Spanish Society of Epidemiology. RESULTS: beverage intake was higher in children belonging to a middle-status family than in those of upper socioeconomic status (p = 0.037). The energy from beverages was similar in most water intake categories, except for water from beverages (p = 0.046). Regarding other beverages categories, middle-status children had higher consumption levels. In contrast, lower status children drank more fruit juices and skimmed milk. All of these do not show statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: our study did not find significant associations between beverages consumption and socioeconomic status in children. In fact, intake for most beverage categories was higher in middle-status children than in both other socioeconomic groups. Future research is needed in order to identify this complex relation between socioeconomic inequality and beverage intake behavior.
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Bebidas/estadística & datos numéricos , Clase Social , Bebidas Gaseosas , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Aptitud Física , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Introduction: beverage consumption constitutes a source of children's daily energy intake. Some authors have suggested that consumption of caloric beverages is higher in children with a low socioeconomic position because families limit their spending on healthy food in order to save money. Objective: the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and Spanish childrens beverage consumption. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in a sub-sample of 182 children (74 girls) aged 9-11 from the province of Cuenca (Spain). Beverage consumption was assessed using the YANA-C assessment tool, validated for HELENA study. Data for parental socioeconomic status were gathered by using self-reported occupation and education questions answered by parents and classified according to the scale proposed by the Spanish Society of Epidemiology. Results: beverage intake was higher in children belonging to a middle-status family than in those of upper socioeconomic status (p = 0.037). The energy from beverages was similar in most water intake categories, except for water from beverages (p = 0.046). Regarding other beverages categories, middle-status children had higher consumption levels. In contrast, lower status children drank more fruit juices and skimmed milk. All of these do not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: our study did not find significant associations between beverages consumption and socioeconomic status in children. In fact, intake for most beverage categories was higher in middle-status children than in both other socioeconomic groups. Future research is needed in order to identify this complex relation between socioeconomic inequality and beverage intake behavior
Introducción: el consumo de bebidas supone una elevada carga energética en la dieta y algunos autores han sugerido que el consumo de bebidas azucaradas es mayor en niños con un estatus socioeconómico menor, debido a que las familias limitan su gasto en alimentación saludable para ahorrar dinero. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre el estatus socioeconómico y el consumo de bebidas en niños. Material y métodos: estudio transversal en el que se analizó una muestra de 182 niños (74 niñas) de 9-11 años de la provincia de Cuenca (España). El consumo de bebidas se obtuvo mediante el software YANA-C, validado para el estudio HELENA. Los datos de estatus socioeconómico de los padres se obtuvieron mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado de preguntas sobre ocupación y educación, clasificado según la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología. Resultados: el consumo de bebidas fue mayor en niños de estatus socioeconómico medio (p = 0,037) con respecto a los niños de estatus socioeconómico alto. Los mismos datos se obtuvieron para la energía proveniente de las bebidas y en la mayoría de las categorías de agua analizadas, aunque solo fue significativo para el agua proveniente de bebidas (p = 0,046). En cuanto a otras categorías, los niños de estatus socioeconómico medio tienen mayores consumos. En cambio, los niños de estatus socioeconómico bajo reportan mayores ingestas de zumos de frutas y leches desnatadas, sin significación estadística. Conclusiones: nuestro estudio no ha encontrado relaciones significativas entre el consumo de bebidas y el estatus socioeconómico en niños. Los mayores consumos de bebidas se dan en niños con un estatus socioeconómico medio con respecto a los otros dos grupos. Son necesarios más estudios para explorar las complejas relaciones entre el estatus socioeconómico y el consumo de fluidos
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Ingestión de Líquidos , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Composición Corporal , Clase Social , Estudios Transversales , Bebidas Gaseosas/estadística & datos numéricos , Leche/estadística & datos numéricos , Preferencias Alimentarias , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Sleep seems to have a significant influence on the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, results in this association are still inconsistent in children. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of sleep characteristics in the MetS (index and factors) in Spanish children. Cross-sectional study including a sample of 210 children aged 8-to-11-years belonging to 20 schools from the province of Cuenca, Spain was conducted. Cardiometabolic risk and actigraphy sleep patterns were determined and analysed using correlation coefficients, ANCOVA models and a propensity score derivation model. Overall, children in the lower time in bed category and those who went to bed later (> 23:15h) showed worse values in the cardiometabolic profile and risk index. Differences were observed when the total time in bed was below 9h 15mins. Our study shows that short sleep duration could be a risk factor for cardiometabolic risk in children, and bedtime may independently influence this risk. In addition, our data suggests that children's sleep hygiene should be incorporated in parenting educational programs.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Sueño , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/fisiopatología , Factores de Riesgo , EspañaRESUMEN
Background: Obesity and overweight during pregnancy have been negatively associated with fetal and offspring neurodevelopment. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of the relationship between pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity with children's neurocognitive development. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the Web of Science databases from their inception through February 2017 for follow-up studies comparing the relationship between pre-pregnancy weight status and children's cognition. The Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects method was used to calculate pooled effect size (ES) values and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing children's neurocognitive development between pre-pregnancy normal weight, as reference, with overweight and obesity categories. Results: Fifteen articles were included in the systematic review, and nine of them in the meta-analysis. The pooled ES values for overweight and obese mothers were -0.02 (95% CI: -0.05 to 0.02) and -0.06 (95% CI: -0.09 to -0.03), respectively. The pooled ES for the relationship between pre-gestational excess weight (overweight and obesity) and children's neurocognitive development was -0.04 (95% CI: -0.06 to -0.02). Conclusions: Pre-pregnancy obesity might have negative consequences on the neurocognitive development of offspring.
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Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Desarrollo Infantil , Cognición , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto , Embarazo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of high blood pressure in children is increasing worldwide, largely, but not entirely, driven by the concurrent childhood obesity epidemic. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in 4-to-6-year-old Spanish schoolchildren, and to evaluate the association between different blood pressure (BP) components with different adiposity indicators. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including a sample of 1.604 schoolchildren aged 4-to-6-years belonging to 21 schools from the provinces of Ciudad Real and Cuenca, Spain. We measured height, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage (%FM), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure. RESULTS: The estimates of prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension were 12.3% and 18.2%, respectively. In both sexes, adiposity indicators were positively and significantly associated with all BP components (p<0.001), thus schoolchildren in the higher adiposity categories had significantly higher BP levels (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a high prevalence of high blood pressure in Spanish children. Moreover, high levels of adiposity are associated with high blood pressure in early childhood, which support that it could be related to cardiovascular risk later in life.
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Hipertensión/complicaciones , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/complicaciones , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Instituciones Académicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Adiposidad/fisiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Preescolar , Diástole/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Masculino , Obesidad Infantil/fisiopatología , Prevalencia , Grosor de los Pliegues Cutáneos , España/epidemiología , Sístole/fisiología , Circunferencia de la Cintura/fisiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Beverage consumption and its possible association with current obesity epidemic and metabolic syndrome is under investigation in recent years, however water intake is probably the most underestimated of all beverages and could play an important role. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between water intake, body composition and cardiometabolic factors in a sample of Spanish children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 366 schoolchildren (53.5% girls) aged 9-11 years from the province of Cuenca in Spain. Data of anthropometrics, body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors and ardiorespiratory fi tness variables were collected. Beverage consumption was assessed using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. RESULTS: We found an inverse association between the consumption of water (ml)/kg per weight with BMI, body fat, fat-free mass, waist circumference, insulin levels, HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), and with arterial pressure parameters, systolic (p < 0.010) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.028), and mean arterial pressure (p < 0.012), as well as direct associations with HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001). In ANCOVA analyses, children who drank less water (ml)/kg per weight, had higher levels of LDL cholesterol (p < 0.050) and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (p < 0.042), and overweight-obesity subjects drank less water (ml)/kg per weight than normal peers (p < 0.011). Besides, children with lower levels of HDL cholesterol and higher levels of triglycerides and blood pressure had less water intake as a beverage. Finally, children who drank less water from beverages had high levels of LDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Higher consumption of water (ml)/kg per weight was negatively associated with BMI, body fat, fat-free mass, waist circumference, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and positively with HDL cholesterol in children independently of age, sex and cardiorespiratory fi tness. In addition, overweight-obese children drank less water (ml)/kg per weight than normoweight ones. Therefore, water consumption is associated with numerous health benefi ts and its adequate intake could contribute to prevent obesity and metabolic syndrome in childhood.
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Composición Corporal/fisiología , Agua Corporal/fisiología , Ingestión de Líquidos/fisiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedades Metabólicas/epidemiología , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Introduction: Beverage consumption and its possible association with current obesity epidemic and metabolic syndrome is under investigation in recent years, however water intake is probably the most underestimated of all beverages and could play an important role. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between water intake, body composition and cardiometabolic factors in a sample of Spanish children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 366 schoolchildren (53.5% girls) aged 9-11 years from the province of Cuenca in Spain. Data of anthropometrics, body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness variables were collected. Beverage consumption was assessed using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Results: We found an inverse association between the consumption of water (ml)/kg per weight with BMI, body fat, fat-free mass, waist circumference, insulin levels, HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), and with arterial pressure parameters, systolic (p < 0.010) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.028), and mean arterial pressure (p < 0.012), as well as direct associations with HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001). In ANCOVA analyses, children who drank less water (ml)/kg per weight, had higher levels of LDL cholesterol (p < 0.050) and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (p < 0.042), and overweight-obesity subjects drank less water (ml)/kg per weight than normal peers (p < 0.011). Besides, children with lower levels of HDL cholesterol and higher levels of triglycerides and blood pressure had less water intake as a beverage. Finally, children who drank less water from beverages had high levels of LDL cholesterol. Conclusions: Higher consumption of water (ml)/kg per weight was negatively associated with BMI, body fat, fat-free mass, waist circumference, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and positively with HDL cholesterol in children independently of age, sex and cardiorespiratory fitness. In addition, overweight-obese children drank less water (ml)/kg per weight than normo-weight ones. Therefore, water consumption is associated with numerous health benefits and its adequate intake could contribute to prevent obesity and metabolic syndrome in childhood (AU)
No disponible
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Ingestión de Líquidos , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Factores de Riesgo , Antropometría/métodos , Pruebas de Función Cardíaca/estadística & datos numéricos , Lípidos/sangre , Conducta AlimentariaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: both, weight excess and thinness, are related with several health disorders that could continue into adulthood. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity in 4-to-6-year-old schoolchildren in the provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real (Spain), using both the International Obesity Task Force and the World Health Organization criteria; and to compare this prevalence with those provided for other European studies. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was performed in 1 585 schoolchildren in September 2013. Weight and height measurements were performed by previously trained nurses with standardized procedures. Weight status was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force and the World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS: when the International Obesity Task Force criteria were used prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity was 20.51%, 11.84% and 8.58%, respectively; and 3.97%, 13.92% and 10.79% when the World Health Organization criteria were utilized. No statistically significant differences by sex or province in any category of weight status were found. The prevalence of thinness decreased as age increases. Conversely, thinness prevalence decreased and overweight/obesity prevalence was significantly higher in older schoolchildren. The prevalence of overweight in this study is similar to other Mediterranean countries. CONCLUSIONS: the prevalence of overweight seems to level off, although it remains a public health priority. The increase in the prevalence of thinness has become an emergent problem that could claim for public health interventions.
Introducción y objetivos: tanto el exceso de peso como la delgadez se relacionan con diversos problemas de salud que pueden continuar hasta la edad adulta. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron estimar la prevalencia de delgadez, sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares de 4-6 años de las provincias de Cuenca y Ciudad Real (España), mediante criterios del Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Obesidad y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y comparar estas cifras con otros estudios europeos. Métodos: estudio observacional-transversal que incluyó a 1.585 escolares realizado en septiembre de 2013. Las mediciones de peso y talla fueron realizadas por enfermeras entrenadas y mediante procedimientos estandarizados. El estatus ponderal se definió según los criterios del Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Obesidad y la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados: según criterios del Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Obesidad, la prevalencia de delgadez, sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 20,51%, 11,84% y 8,58%, respectivamente; y del 3,97%, 13,92% y 10,79% cuando se utilizaron los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo ni provincia para ninguna categoría de estatus ponderal. Para ambos criterios, la prevalencia de delgadez fue menor a medida que aumentaba la edad, mientras que la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad fue mayor. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de exceso de peso podría haber tocado techo en España, aunque continúa siendo un importante problema de salud pública. El aumento de la prevalencia de bajo peso debería ocupar un lugar relevante en las intervenciones de salud pública.
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Obesidad/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Delgadez/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Instituciones Académicas , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Introducción y objetivos: tanto el exceso de peso como la delgadez se relacionan con diversos problemas de salud que pueden continuar hasta la edad adulta. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron estimar la prevalencia de delgadez, sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares de 4-6 años de las provincias de Cuenca y Ciudad Real (España), mediante criterios del Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Obesidad y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y comparar estas cifras con otros estudios europeos. Métodos: estudio observacional-transversal que incluyó a 1.585 escolares realizado en septiembre de 2013. Las mediciones de peso y talla fueron realizadas por enfermeras entrenadas y mediante procedimientos estandarizados. El estatus ponderal se definió según los criterios del Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Obesidad y la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados: según criterios del Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Obesidad, la prevalencia de delgadez, sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 20,51%, 11,84% y 8,58%, respectivamente; y del 3,97%, 13,92% y 10,79% cuando se utilizaron los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo ni provincia para ninguna categoría de estatus ponderal. Para ambos criterios, la prevalencia de delgadez fue menor a medida que aumentaba la edad, mientras que la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad fue mayor. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de exceso de peso podría haber tocado techo en España, aunque continúa siendo un importante problema de salud pública. El aumento de la prevalencia de bajo peso debería ocupar un lugar relevante en las intervenciones de salud pública (AU)
Introduction and objectives: both, weight excess and thinness, are related with several health disorders that could continue into adulthood. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity in 4-to-6-year-old schoolchildren in the provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real (Spain), using both the International Obesity Task Force and the World Health Organization criteria; and to compare this prevalence with those provided for other European studies. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed in 1 585 schoolchildren in September 2013. Weight and height measurements were performed by previously trained nurses with standardized procedures. Weight status was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force and the World Health Organization criteria. Results: when the International Obesity Task Force criteria were used prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity was 20.51%, 11.84% and 8.58%, respectively; and 3.97%, 13.92% and 10.79% when the World Health Organization criteria were utilized. No statistically significant differences by sex or province in any category of weight status were found. The prevalence of thinness decreased as age increases. Conversely, thinness prevalence decreased and overweight/obesity prevalence was significantly higher in older schoolchildren. The prevalence of overweight in this study is similar to other Mediterranean countries. Conclusions: the prevalence of overweight seems to level off, although it remains a public health priority. The increase in the prevalence of thinness has become an emergent problem that could claim for public health interventions (AU)
Asunto(s)
Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Delgadez/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Peso por Estatura , Antropometría/métodos , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Se realizó una evaluación in vivo de la eficacia de la cloroquina para el tratamiento de la malaria por Plasmodium vivax, en elsitio centinela de Palmar Chico, Municipio de Yacuiba, Provincia Gran Chaco, Departamento de Tarija al Sur de Bolivia. Fueronincluidos en el estudio 61 pacientes entre 5 y 59 años de edad que presentaban monoinfección por P. vivax. Todos los pacientesrecibieron una dosis total de cloroquina de 25 mg/Kg en 3 días (10mg/Kg el primer día; 7,5 mg/Kg el segundo y tercer días).De acuerdo al protocolo estandarizado de la OPS/OMS, todos los pacientes fueron seguidos por 28 días (controles clínicos yparasitológicos). Se completó el seguimiento de 60 pacientes, ninguno de los pacientes tuvo recurrencias de la parasitemia opresentó manifestaciones clínicas después del tercer día de tratamiento. Este estudio mostró 100% de sensibilidad de P. vivaxa la cloroquina, lo que justifica su permanencia en la política de medicamentos antimaláricos como la droga más adecuada parael tratamiento de las infecciones por P. vivax en el Sur de Bolivia.
We carried out an evaluation in vivoof the chloroquine efficacy for the treatment of malaria by Plasmodium vivax, in the sentinelsite of Palmar Chico, Municipality of Yacuiba, Province Gran Chaco, Department of Tarija to the South of Bolivia. Sixty one patientsaged between 5 and 59 years that presented monoinfection by P. vivaxwere included in the study. All patient received undersupervision a total dose of chloroquine 25mg/kg over three days (10mg/kg on the first day; 7.5 mg/kg on the second and thirddays). According the standardized protocol of the PAHO/WHO, all patients were followed-up for 28 days (clinical and parasitologicalcontrols). Sixty patients completed the follow-up, none of the patients had recurrences of parasitemia or presented clinicalmanifestations after third day of treatment. This study showed 100% of sensibility from P. vivax to chloroquine, what justifies theirpermanency in the antimalarial drug policy as the most adequate drug for the treatment of the P. vivax infections in the South of Bolivia.