[Optimal personal resource as a determinant of adaptational strategies of shift workers in Far North].

Development of mineral deposits in Far North and Arctic regions is a priority in Russian Federation. Result of shift workers' adaptation in Far North is formed adaptational strategy. Environmental and personal resources determine adaptational strategies in occupational activity of shift workers. Optimal personal resource of adaptational strategies in shift workers is: acceptance of others, moderate internality, integral adaptation value and programming as regulatory process.

[The concept of "psychological risk" in the professional activity of employees of fly-in fly-out method of labor organization on the example of oil and gas companies in the Far North].

Professional work in shift team in the Far North contributes to the formation of unfavorable functional states and the development of destructive personality traits of employees, which lead to a decrease in the level of mental health, productivity and work efficiency With the aim to predict the professional efficiency of the rotational personnel it is necessary to determine the probability of negative psychological states, properties and qualities that will prevent its implementation, i.e, the psychological risks in professional activities. Psychological risk in the professional activity is the probability of occurrence of a professional personal destructions and the formation of unfavorable functional states of employees when performing job functions due to the prolonged negative impact of social-household and occupational factors in the lack of personal and environmental resource.

Climate variations and salmonellosis in northwest Russia: a time-series analysis.

Associations between monthly counts of all laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis in Arkhangelsk, northern Russia, from 1992 to 2008 and climatic variables with lags 0-2 were studied by three different models. We observed a linear association between the number of cases of salmonellosis and mean monthly temperature with a lag of 1 month across the whole range of temperatures. An increase of 1 °C was associated with a 2·04% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·25-3·84], 1·84% (95% CI 0·06-3·63) and 2·32% (95% CI 0·38-4·27) increase in different models. Only one of the three models suggested an increase in the number of cases, by 0·24% (95% CI 0·02-0·46) with an increase in precipitation by 1 mm in the same month. Higher temperatures were associated with higher monthly counts of salmonellosis while the association with precipitation was less certain. The results may have implications for the future patterns of enteric infections in northern areas related to climate change.

Ethnic medicine: from fundamental studies to practice of health preservation of the indigenous peoples in the North.

OBJECTIVES: We carry out social-hygienic and medical examinations of the indigenous population of the Russian northern territories. STUDY DESIGN: Mobile medical teams examined the population of the most of settlements of the Nenets autonomous area. METHODS: The study of the peculiarities of the public health state of the indigenous people. RESULTS: The studies allowed us to work out normative indices of physical development, functional state of the systems of hemopoiesis, blood circulation, immunity, exchange of microelements and electrolytes, to reveal the region's peculiarities of functional indices of a number of life supporting systems and their influence on the character of pathology course, the regional structure of morbidity, to work out schemes of their correction rational under these conditions. CONCLUSION: The results of the carried out long-term scientific and practical work on the study and preservation of health of the northern indigenous peoples small in number have led to conclusion about the need in organization of a new direction in medicine, i.e., ethnical medicine.

[Justifying the use of primary tissue culture method for evaluation of sodium fluoride safety in nutrition products].

Toxicity of sodium fluoride added to nutrition products is assessed through peculiarities of kidney tissue culture growth in vitro--over 75% inhibition of cell clumps growth supports high toxic influence of sodium fluoride, the growth decrease from 63% to 74% signifies lower degree, the growth inhibition less than 62% demonstrates very low toxicity of the chemical.

Scanning electron microscopy of rat erythrocytes during chronic alcoholic intoxication combined with protein and vitamin deficit.

Electron microscopy revealed morphological changes in erythrocytes from rats with chronic alcoholic intoxication kept on protein- and vitamin B-deficient rations. All animals had anisopoikilocytosis (up to 50%). Most pronounced changes in erythrocyte population attesting to accelerated erythrocyte aging (stomato- and microcytosis, discocyte swelling, and spontaneous hemolysis) were found in alcohol-fed rats kept on deficient ration.

[The functional-morphological characteristics of alcohol-induced pathology as dependent on the nature of the intoxication and its nootropil correction in an experiment]. / Funktsional'no-morfologicheskie osobennosti alkogol'obuslovlennoi patologii v zavisimosti ot kharaktera intoksikatsii i korrektsii nootropiloim v éksperimente.

The response of hematological system, carbohydrate metabolism and pathomorphologic alterations in the viscera were studied for four weeks on the model of chronic alcoholization in conditions of hydrolytic alcohol production. It is shown that maximal deviations of all the parameters in white conventional rats occur after receiving a combined ethanol dose in inhalation of a mixture of methanol and furfurol vapour. Less manifest pathology was revealed in simultaneous introduction of nootropil solution. Thus, functional-morphologic changes in alcoholic intoxication in unfavourable environment are reversible in purposeful application of drugs with neurometabolic effect.

[Hematologic characteristics of patients with chronic alcoholism and people at risk]. / Gematologicheskaia kharakteristika bol'nykh khronicheskim alkogolizmom i lits gruppy riska.

Red cell functional and structural characteristics were studied in 146 patients with chronic alcoholism (CA) stage II, 47 workers of hydrolysis plant exposed to ethyl alcohol inhalations (risk group) and 100 healthy controls (male blood donors). It was found that CA patients and risk group subjects have similar changes in the erythron system, though in alcoholics these were much more pronounced: elevated count of red cells, blood hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, increased mean size of red cells and intensity of 24-h erythropoiesis in reduced red cell survival. Scanning electron microscopy revealed abnormal surface architectonics of red cells. Insulin-deposition and insulin-transport functions of the latter were also impaired. The evidence obtained may prove useful for specification of of risk groups and somatic diseases at various alcoholism stages.

[The dynamic hematological indices in alcoholic intoxication in relation to the ecological situation]. / Dinamika gematologicheskikh pokazatelei pri alkogol'noi intoksikatsii v zavisimosti ot ékologicheskoi situatsii.

Comparative investigations of conventional male rat red blood with modelling of chronic alcohol-toxic influence of different types were carried out. Even a short alcohol intoxication developing against the background of ecologically unfavourable factors of the environment was shown to cause rapid development of decompensation of the blood system protective mechanisms. In these cases hematologic picture resembled that after long and hard alcohol abuse.

[Use of normobaric oxygenation for preventive and therapeutic purposes]. / Primenenie normobaricheskoi oksigenatsii s profilakticheskoi i lechebnoi tsel'iu.

Courses of normobaric oxygenation were performed in 72 healthy males (residents of the city of Arkhangelsk) and in 91 patients suffering from chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases with respiratory insufficiency of I-II degree. Normobaric oxygenation led to the optimization of the CVS activity of northerners and an increase in their working capacity. The corrective role of oxygenation was more noticeable in persons with signs of dysadaptation. A favorable therapeutic effect of normobaric oxygenation in patients with respiratory insufficiency was not restricted to direct oxygen influence, its after-effects were lasting. Biochemical investigations indicated the absence of a toxic oxygen effect in this regimen of oxygenation.

[Status of erythrocytes and erythropoiesis in alcoholics]. / Sostoianie krasnoi krovi i éritropoéza u bol'nykh alkogolizmom.

To identify changes in the status of red blood and erythropoiesis in alcoholism, the authors examined three groups of patients aged 18 to 60 years: (1) 146 patients with stage II alcoholism; (2) 97 patients with acute alcoholic hallucinosis; and (3) 76 patients with delirium tremens. The examination revealed a considerable tension of erythropoiesis and erythrodieresis, this being a compensatory response to prolonged and severe hypoxia. At the beginnings of the disease the amount of erythrocytes and total hemoglobin tended to increase, then with the development of psychoses it dramatically decreased resulting in anemia. With disease progression the mean volume of erythrocytes tended to increase consistently reaching the highest values in delirium. This may serve as one of the diagnostic markers of alcoholism to be used in combination with other laboratory tests and clinical findings. The identified decrease in the insulin depositing function of erythrocytes may also indicate that the pancreas has also been involved in the pathological process.