Investigation of stillbirths in Brazil: A systematic scoping review of the causes and related reporting processes in the past decade.

BACKGROUND: Recognizing the causes of stillbirths and their associated conditions is essential to reduce its occurrence. OBJECTIVE: To describe information on stillbirths in Brazil during the past decade. SEARCH STRATEGY: A literature search was performed from January 2010 to December 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA: Original observational studies and clinical trials. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were manually extracted to a spreadsheet and descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 55 studies were included; 40 studies (72.2%) used the official data stored by national public health systems. Most articles aimed to estimate the rate and trends of stillbirth (60%) or their causes (55.4%). Among the 16 articles addressing the causes of death, 10 (62.5%) used the International Classification of Diseases; most of the articles only specified the main cause of death. Intrauterine hypoxia was the main cause reported (ranging from 14.3% to 54.9%). CONCLUSION: Having a national system based on compulsory notification of stillbirths may not be sufficient to provide quality information on occurrence and, especially, causes of death. Further improvements of the attribution and registration of causes of deaths and the implementation of educational actions for improving reporting systems are advisable. Finally, expanding the investigation of contributing factors associated with stillbirths would create an opportunity for further development of prevention strategies in low- and middle-income countries such as Brazil.

Crise hipertensiva gestacional / Hypertensive crisis in pregnancy

Uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade materna é a doença hipertensiva gestacional. Como objetivo desse capítulo, vamos enfatizar o diagnóstico e tratamento na urgência em frente a essas situações para diminuir desfechos desfavoráveis materno-fetais.

One of the major cause of maternal mobidity and mortality are hypertensive disorders. The aim of this chapter is focusing on urgency diagnoses and treatment of this situations to decrease unfavorable maternal and fetus outcomes.

Hemorragia pós-parto / Postpartum hemorrhage

Hemorragia pós-parto (HPP) é a principal causa de morte materna em países em desenvolvimento. Neste artigo, revisaremos os principais conceitos sobre o tema, especialmente aqueles referentes à prevenção e tratamento.

Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality in developing countries. The aim of this article is to review the main aspects of this subject, focusing on prevention and treatment