Adherence and Toxicity during the Treatment of Latent Tuberculous Infection in a Referral Center in Spain.

The screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in countries with a low incidence of TB is a key strategy for the elimination of tuberculosis (TB). However, treatment can result in adverse events (AEs) and have poor adherence. This study aimed to describe treatment outcomes and AEs for LTBI patients at two departments in Vall d'Hebron University Hospital in Barcelona, Spain. A retrospective study was conducted on all persons treated for LTBI between January 2018 and December 2020. Variables collected included demographics, the reason for LTBI screening and treatment initiation, AEs related to treatment, and treatment outcome. Out of 261 persons who initiated LTBI treatment, 145 (55.6%) were men, with a median age of 42.1 years. The indications for LTBI screening were household contact of a TB case in 96 (36.8%) persons, immunosuppressive treatment in 84 (32.2%), and recently arrived migrants from a country with high TB incidence in 81 (31.0%). Sixty-three (24.1%) persons presented at least one AE during treatment, and seven (2.7%) required definitive discontinuation of treatment. In the multivariate analysis, AE development was more frequent in those who started LTBI treatment due to immunosuppression. Overall, 226 (86.6%) completed treatment successfully. We concluded that LTBI screening and treatment groups had different risks for adverse events and treatment outcomes. Persons receiving immunosuppressive treatment were at higher risk of developing AEs, and recently arrived immigrants from countries with a high incidence of TB had greater LTFU. A person-centered adherence and AE management plan is recommended.

Associação entre distúrbios psíquicos e aspectos psicossociais do trabalho de professores / Association between mental disorders and work-related psychosocial factors in teachers

OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais do trabalho e prevalência de distúrbios psíquicos em professores da educação infantil e do ensino fundamental. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal realizado com 1.024 professores das escolas públicas municipais e das 10 maiores escolas particulares de Vitória da Conquista, Estado da Bahia, em 2001. A variável de exposição principal foi constituída pelo modelo de demanda-controle, que classifica os indivíduos de acordo com as exigências do trabalho. A variável de resposta representou distúrbios psíquicos medidos pelo Questionário de auto-resposta. A medida de freqüência foi a prevalência, e a medida de associação foi a razão de prevalências. A principal técnica estatística utilizada foi a análise de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de distúrbios psíquicos foi de 44 por cento. Evidenciou-se associação entre sua presença e as condições de demanda e controle no trabalho, após o controle do confundimento introduzido pelas variáveis sexo, zona de trabalho e suporte social. Os professores com trabalho de alta exigência apresentaram prevalência 1,5 vez maior que os com trabalho de baixa exigência. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de distúrbios psíquicos foi elevada entre professores. Há evidências de que a prevalência estava associada com as exigências do trabalho.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between work-related psychosocial factors and the prevalence of mental disorders among pre-school and elementary school teachers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was undertaken with 1,024 teachers from municipal public schools and from the ten largest private schools in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia State (Northeastern Brazil) in 2001. The main independent variable was based on the demand-control model, which classifies individuals according to their job pressures. The dependent variable was the incidence of mental disorders as evaluated by a self-reporting questionnaire. The measure of frequency was prevalence, and the measure of association was the prevalence ratio. A logistic regression model was used as the main statistical technique. RESULTS: There was a 44 percent prevalence of mental disorders among teachers. Evidence suggests that these were associated with work-related demands and control issues, after controlling for confounding variables such as sex, geographic region and social support. The prevalence of mental disorders among high-strain teachers was 1.5 times greater than that among low-strain teachers. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of mental disorders was high among teachers of the municipality. There was evidence that this was associated with job demands.

[Association between mental disorders and work-related psychosocial factors in teachers]. / Associação entre distúrbios psíquicos e aspectos psicossociais do trabalho de professores.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between work-related psychosocial factors and the prevalence of mental disorders among pre-school and elementary school teachers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was undertaken with 1,024 teachers from municipal public schools and from the ten largest private schools in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia State (Northeastern Brazil) in 2001. The main independent variable was based on the demand-control model, which classifies individuals according to their job pressures. The dependent variable was the incidence of mental disorders as evaluated by a self-reporting questionnaire. The measure of frequency was prevalence, and the measure of association was the prevalence ratio. A logistic regression model was used as the main statistical technique. RESULTS: There was a 44% prevalence of mental disorders among teachers. Evidence suggests that these were associated with work-related demands and control issues, after controlling for confounding variables such as sex, geographic region and social support. The prevalence of mental disorders among high-strain teachers was 1.5 times greater than that among low-strain teachers. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of mental disorders was high among teachers of the municipality. There was evidence that this was associated with job demands.

[Labor and health conditions of private school teachers in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil]. / Condições de trabalho e saúde dos professores da rede particular de ensino de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil.

The scientific literature on teachers' health is scarce, recent, and focuses predominantly on stress and burnout. This study describes the labor conditions of private school teachers in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil. Information on 250 teachers from the ten largest schools in the municipality was collected through a self-applied questionnaire. The most relevant characteristics of teachers' work, evaluated by the Job Content Questionnaire were: speed of work, creativity at work, and relations with colleagues. The most frequent complaints related to posture, mental strain, and voice problems. Prevalence of minor psychological disorders according to the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 was 41.5%, strongly associated with long periods of intense concentration on the same job and excessive work. Results suggest an association between the prevalence of minor psychological disorders and certain characteristics of teaching work, emphasizing teachers' exposure to stress.

Condições de trabalho e saúde dos professores da rede particular de ensino de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil / Labor and health conditions of private school teachers in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil

A literatura científica sobre a saúde dos professores é escassa e recente, enfocando especialmente o desgaste e estresse. Este trabalho objetivou descrever as condições de trabalho e saúde dos professores da rede particular de ensino da cidade de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil. Num questionário auto-aplicado foram coletadas informações de 250 professores de dez escolas. Entre as características do trabalho docente, avaliadas pelo Job Content Questionnaire, destacaram-se ritmo acelerado de trabalho, ser criativo e ter boas relações com as pessoas no trabalho. As queixas de saúde mais freqüentes estavam relacionadas à postura corporal, à saúde mental e a queixas relacionadas à voz. A prevalência de distúrbios psíquicos menores (DPM), medida pelo Self Reporting Questionnaire-20, foi de 41,5 por cento e estava fortemente associada a longos períodos de intensa concentração em uma mesma tarefa e volume excessivo de trabalho. Os resultados sugerem relação entre a prevalência de DPM e algumas características do trabalho docente, evidenciando desgaste psicológico do educador.