RESUMEN
This paper reports formally the occurrence and describes the damages by Semiaphis dauci (Fabricius, 1775) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphididae, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) on arracacha (Arracaciaxanthorrhiza Bancr.) (Apiaceae) in Brazil. The infestation was initially noted on April/2002 at Núcleo de Produção de Mudas, Departamento de Sementes Mudas e Matrizes, Coordenadoria de Assistência Técnica Integral, Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento, São Bento do Sapucaí, State of São Paulo. Posteriorly the occurrence was detected in other parts of the municipality of São Bento do Sapucaí such as Serrano, Paiol Grande and Cantagalo, being the incidence higher in localities at lower altitudes. The colonies, with large number of individuals, were settled on both sides of the leaves and also hidden under petiole, but with lower number of specimens. The adult plants were underdeveloped and the growing of aphid colonies induced the blossoming. In the seedlings the symptoms were severer with reduction in the development and death of plants. When the colonies were placed in the dorsal side of the leaves, there was a tendency to wrinkling and rolling to upper side that was used as shelter by the aphids. Morphological characterization, illustrations and notes on biology of S. dauci and a survey of the Arthropoda related with A. xanthorrhiza are also presented.
Este trabalho efetua o registro formal de ocorrência e descreve os danos de Semiaphis dauci (Fabricius, 1775) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphididae, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) em cultura de mandioquinha-salsa (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr.) (Apiaceae) no Brasil. A infestação foi observada, inicialmente, em abril/2002, no Núcleo de Produção de Mudas, Departamento de Sementes Mudas e Matrizes, Coordenadoria de Assistência Técnica Integral, Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento, São Bento do Sapucaí, SP. Posteriormente, a ocorrência foi detectada em outras localidades do município como Serrano, Paiol Grande e Cantagalo sendo que a incidência foi maior nas áreas de menor altitude. As colônias estavam localizadas em ambas as faces das folhas, e em menor número no pecíolo escondidas na bainha da folha. As plantas adultas apresentavam subdesenvolvimento e o aumento das colônias induzia o florescimento. Nas mudas os sintomas foram mais severos com redução no desenvolvimento e posterior morte das plantas. Quando havia formação de colônias na superfície superior das folhas, havia tendência de encarquilhamento e enrolamento para cima, servindo de abrigo para os pulgões. Caracterização morfológica, ilustrações, notas sobre a biologia de S. dauci e levantamento dos Arthropoda relacionados com A. xanthorrhiza também são apresentados.
Asunto(s)
Áfidos , Muda , Apiaceae/parasitología , Plagas AgrícolasRESUMEN
Repeated treatment with dopamine (DA) receptor agonists strongly potentiates contralateral turning behavior due to selective stimulation of D1 or D2-class receptors in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. This phenomenon, referred to as sensitization, is believed to be related to the motor response complications (dyskinesias, on-off states) that occur during chronic administration of levodopa in Parkinson's disease patients. In recent years a new method for the evaluation of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) secondary to dopaminergic stimulation in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats was described. These AIMs resemble dyskinesias as seen in parkinsonian patients under levodopa therapy. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of repeated treatment with different regimes of DA agonists on turning behavior and on an AIMs scale in 6-OHDA lesioned rats, with the aim of discriminating between drugs with different dyskinesia-inducing potential. In addition, we explored the effects of a previous exposure to a DA agonist (priming) on the behavioral response to the subsequent administration of a DA agonist with the same or different pharmacologic profile. Our results show that in apomorphine-treated rats, rotational behavior and AIMs run a parallel course of enhancement, while in those receiving quinpirole there is a dissociation, suggesting that they could be mediated by different mechanisms. The finding of a significant priming effect on subsequent testing of 6-OHDA lesioned rats should be borne in mind as the use of these pharmacological tests in the screening of well lesioned animals could lead to an erroneous interpretation of further results on dyskinesias and rotational behavior.
