About two unusual cases of pancreatic primary squamous cell carcinoma.

Pancreatic primary squamous cell carcinoma (PPSCC) is very uncommon. The major diagnostic method is histology, and it requires the exclusion of a metastasis from a different primary location (lung, esophagus…). Herein, we describe two cases of a PPSCC (one in the head and the other one in the tail and the body of the pancreas) with a brief review of literature. When it comes to the poorly differentiated PPSCC, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is crucial. Regretfully, there is currently no unanimity on treatment, and the outcome is dismal.

Endothelial cyst of the adrenal gland: A rare case report.

Adrenal gland cysts are rare and uncommon manifestations. Mostly asymptomatic, discovered incidentally during radiological studies or at autopsy, or without characteristic symptoms. The spectrum of these entities may include benign cysts or malignant cystic neoplasms. They are classified into four types: pseudocysts, endothelial cysts, epithelial cysts, and parasitic cysts. Though pseudocysts are reported to be the most frequently clinically recognized adrenal cysts in surgical series, endothelial cysts are more frequent in autopsy series. Even with advanced imaging modalities, it is still difficult to differentiate a benign adrenal neoplasm from a malignant one. As a result, getting a definitive diagnosis and starting treatment is challenging. In both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases with a large diameter or increasing sizes during follow-up, or with any abnormality of adrenal hormones, surgery is the treatment of choice in symptomatic. Herein, we present a 47-year-old female with a nonfunctional left adrenal endothelial cyst, who was incidentally found during a computerized tomography scan. The patient presented with left-sided nephritic colic due to renal lithiasis. The objective of this paper is to recall the clinical characteristics and to specify the diagnostic contribution of imaging as well as the therapeutic modalities of this entity.

Radioiodine scan revealing a primary lung adenocarcinoma in a patient with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

The radioiodine scan is a non-invasive imaging modality that allows for the visualization of functional thyroid tissue, as well as the detection of thyroid cancer remnants and metastases. However, it is important to note that radioiodine uptake is not exclusive to thyroid tissue and can lead to false-positive results if unexpected uptake occurs in non-thyroidal tissue. Herein, we present a case of a patient diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma, whose radioiodine scan demonstrated increased uptake in the thorax, corresponding to a lung carcinoma.

Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: A Rare Form of Lung Cancer.

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma is a rare type of extrahepatic adenocarcinoma with glandular and hepatocyte differenciation. The tumor can occur in many organs, generally in the stomach, the location of the lung being extremely rare. Despite poor prognosis and few effective treatment options, a timely and accurate histopathological diagnosis is key to optimal clinical management for long-term survival. Given the few reports published to characterized hepatoid adenocarcinoma, the emergence of any new case will contribute to improve understanding of the disease. Very few reports have been published to characterize hepatoid adenocarcinoma cytologically or even histologically. The aim of this work is to focus on the anatomoclinical characteristics of this rare entity. We present a retrospective study of 2 cases of pulmonary hepatoid adenocarcinoma confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical study.

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma Among Children: Pathological Aspects and Diagnostic Challenges.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are common malignancies in children. Available data on clinico-pathological aspects of pediatric NHL in developping countries are limited and diagnostic approach appears more delicate with absence of molecular studies. The objectives of our study are: analyzing the pathological spectrum of NHL among children and highlighting challenges in the diagnosis including: limited biopsic material; unususal subtyptes, age group, or localization. We retrospectively analyzed clinico pathological characteristics of 101 NHL's cases among children diagnosed in the Pediatric's pathology unit over a period of 4 years There were 78 (77.2%) male and 23 (22.8%) female. The median age was 7.2 years. The most common histologic subtypes of NHL were Burkitt lymphoma in 65 patients (64.4% ); followed by lymphoblastic lymphoma in 22 patients, large B-cell lymphoma in 9 patients ( 8.9%); anaplastic T cell lymphoma in 3 patients; NOS mature T cell lymphoma and pediatric type follicular lympoma in 1 patient each. In conclusion, this study Morocco illustrates the pattern of distribution of NHL and emphasizes challenges in the diagnosis of these neoplasms.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the sino-nasal tract: about an unusual case report.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are defined as malignant tumors arising from or differentiating toward the cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. They occur in about 8-16% within the head and neck region. Morphologically, some malignant tumors look like malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, particularly in the head and neck location; however, immunohistochemistry have a great contribution to distinguish between them. This case report is on a 45-year-old woman with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor located in the sino-nasal tract.

Pseudovascular Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: A Diagnostic Pitfall About a Case.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common mucosal malignancy of the head and neck. Adenoid pseudo-angiosarcomatous SCC is a rare variant occurring commonly in the skin of the head and neck. However, involvement of oral cavity is extremely rare, with only few case reports in the English literature. Morphologically, the tumor shows marked acantholysis, with anastomozing channels mimicking vascular neoplasms. This variant represents a diagnostic challenge for pathologists, and immunohistochemical analysis remains essential for an accurate diagnosis. Herein, we describe the case of a pseudovascular SCC of the oral cavity in a 67 years old man with a brief revue of the literature to raise awareness on this rare variant; presenting diagnostic difficulties.

Chondromyxoid Fibroma-Like Osteosarcoma in a 13 Years Old Girl: A Report of a New Case.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary non hematopoietic malignant tumor of bone with a strict histologic definition: the presence of unequivocal osteoid produced by neoplastic cells. Rare variants displaying low-grade histological features have been described; among which chondromyxoid fibroma-like (CMF-OS) is the rarest. However, despite its bland morphology; CMF-like OS has an aggressive clinical behavior and a poor prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, only 3 cases of CMF-OS have been previously reported in children. Because of its atypicality and scarcity; misdiagnosis is more likely to occur. Herein we describe a new case of CMF-OS in a 13 years old girl with fatal outcome. Diagnosis was based on focal malignant bone formation and correlation with imaging studies. The aim of the present case presentation is to raise awareness of this rare entity and to highlight the challenging diagnosis.

Kaposi sarcoma of the adrenal gland: A report of two cases with a review of the literature.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a low-grade vascular neoplasm commonly involving mucocutaneous sites, while adrenal gland involvement is exceptional. The anaplastic variant is a rare entity characterized by marked cellular pleomorphism, increased mitosis, worse prognosis, and an increased metastatic potential. The diagnosis remains on histology and immunohistochemistry. We describe two cases of primary adrenal KS to report on this exceptional presentation of KS: the first case is a 67-year-old female with anaplastic KS wit fatal outcome. The second case is a 56-year-old male who presented a classic KS of the adrenal gland. Until now, no standard efficient treatment regimens have been clearly identified. There is a need for a further understanding of anaplastic KS's biology, and collecting a sizable patient cohort remains essential to review treatment outcome.

Cystic mass of the right iliac fossa: don't forget about lymphatic malformation.

Lymphatic malformation or cystic lymphangioma is a benign tumour of the lymphatic vessels. It is more commonly reported among children and has polymorphic clinical presentations. The diagnosis is based on imaging but requires histological confirmation. The treatment of choice is surgical excision for the abdominal and symptomatic localization. We report the case of a 30-year-old female who consulted for right iliac fossa pain mimicking an acute appendicitis. The physical examination revealed a slight tenderness in the right iliac fossa without fever or palpable mass. Though the biological screening was normal, the imaging exploration has revealed the presence of a multiloculated cyst located in the right iliac fossa at the ascending colon and measuring 15 cm. The mass matches with lymphatic malformation. Therefore, a laparoscopy was performed, and complete resection of the cystic tumor was accomplished with right hemicolectomy. The histologic exam has confirmed the diagnosis. Colonic lymphatic malformation is a rare and benign tumour, requiring a complete surgical excision to minimise any recidivism. The definitive diagnosis remains histological.

Primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the ulnar nerve: the first case report with review of the literature.

Hodgkin lymphoma is a lymphoid malignancy characterized by minority population of neoplastic cells (Reed-Sternberg cells and its variants) within a reactive inflammatory background. It encompasses two entities: classical HL (∼95% of cases) and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL (∼5% of cases). Primary lymphoma of peripheral nerves (PLPN) represent a very rare condition, since only 19 cases have been reported in the English literature to date, all of which are of a non-HL phenotype. A 20-year-old female presented an intramural mass of the ulnar nerve. Histological analysis revealed a Classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Further investigations failed to reveal nodal or extranodal involvement. PLPN is a very rare entity. There is a need for further understanding of this unusual lymphoma presentation.

An unusual cause of multiple embolic strokes: cardiac myxoma, about a case.

Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary intracardiac tumors, accounting for 50% of all cardiac neoplasms, with an estimated frequency of 0.5/million/inhabitants/year. Presenting symptoms are related to cerebral or peripheral embolism, and/or intracardiac obstruction. Thus, urgent management of myxoma is mandatory due to embolism's risk. Herein, we report the case of an 82-year-old woman with a myxoma of the left atrium, revealed by a multiple ischemic strokes, to raise awareness of this entity.