Degree of kidney injury due to artificial pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction with level of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin 18, and histopathological descriptions in Wistar: experimental research.

Pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is considered the most common pathology for hydronephrosis in neonates. Full recovery of kidney impairment due to PUJO is possible, especially when pyeloplasty is indicated as surgery is mostly conducted when deterioration is identified, early detection should be considered to prevent further complications. Commonly used kidney damage biomarkers are not sensitive enough to predict kidney damage. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and urinary interleukin 18 (IL-18) are markers of early kidney damage with different characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between these two markers with the degree of histopathological kidney damage in Wistar rats induced by PUJO. Methods: A total of thirty male Wistar rats, 200-250 g, were divided into three groups: (1) control, (2) sham, (3) PUJO (4th, 7th, 14th, and 21st days). Urine NGAL, IL-18 levels, and renal histopathology were observed on day 0, 4, 7, 14, and 21. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test with P less than 0.05 considered significant. Results: There was no significant difference in urine NGAL levels between groups, while IL-18 levels were significantly different based on the Kruskal-Wallis test (P 0.031). The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in IL-18 levels between the control group and the PUJO group on day 4 (P=0.028); the Sham surgery group with the PUJO group on day 4 (P=0.014); the PUJO group on day 4 with the PUJO group on the 7th day (P=0.008); and the PUJO group on the 7th day with the PUJO group on the 14th day (P=0.033). Conclusion: Urinary IL-18 levels can be used as a predictor of kidney damage in acute-subacute PUJO cases.

Malondialdehyde value as radical oxidative marker and endogenous antioxidant value analysis in brain tumor.

Introduction: Oxidative stress has been considered as one of many contributor in developing risk of cancer. Oxidative stress may also promote the increasing number of free radical. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of radical oxidative marker, while Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) play role as endogenous antioxidant. It has been postulated that in cancer cells there is an increase of oxidative stress compared to normal cell. Method: This study is a case controlled analytical study to find the relationship between levels of MDA and SOD in patients with brain tumours. The sample obtained was 35 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on this analysis, it will be determined whether there is a significant relationship between levels of MDA and SOD in each type of brain tumours. Result: There is no significant relationship from all groups brain tumour and all tumours have a low correlation (r = 0.187) in the value of superoxide dismutase level. There is also no significant relationship from all groups (p = 0.302) and a low correlation (r = 0.187) to the value of Malondialdehyde level. Discussion: There was no relationship between superoxide dismutase in any type of intracranial tumour in this study. These concluded that superoxide values could not be a risk factor for primary intracranial tumours. Levels of MDA which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were significantly higher in patients consisting of meningiomas and gliomas. In high grade gliomas, the MDA increases due to the progressive progression of glioma tumours due to an increase in Reactive oxygen species levels. Conclusion: This study shows no correlation between SOD as an endogenous antioxidant and MDA as radical oxidative marker in primary brain tumour.

Correlation Between Intensity of Vimentin Immuno-expression in Young Women with Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Its Cliniocopathological Parameters.

Background: Young breast cancer patients (≤40 years) have different unifying oncogenic signaling pathways when compared to older people. Vimentin is a filament intermediate. Vimentin expression has an important role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer progression. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between vimentin intensity and clinicopathological parameters in patients with triple negative breast cancer aged 40 years. Methods: Samples were taken from 45 paraffin blocks of patients with young woman with triple negative invasive breast cancer NOS type that met the inclusion criteria, immunohistochemical examination was performed with vimentin. Vimentin intensity was assessed using ImageJ analysis. Results: Samples were taken from paraffin blocks of patients with triple negative invasive breast cancer NOS type that met the inclusion criteria, immunohistochemical examination was performed with vimentin. Vimentin intensity was assessed using ImageJ analysis. Conclusion: This study shows that vimentin intensity is strongly associated with tumor progression, tumor mass size and tumor invasion so that it can be used as a prognostic factor in young triple negative breast cancer patients.

The Incidence of Adult Obesity is Associated with Parental and Adolescent Histories of Obesity in North Sumatra, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PURPOSE: Obesity that occurs in adulthood is influenced by various factors, not only energy balance, especially concerning the amount of energy consumed, but also heredity. The hereditary factors of obese parents on childhood obesity have been studied, but what about adulthood? This study examines the relationship between a history of obesity in adolescence, and maternal and paternal incidences of adult obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study that included adult men and women aged 20-60 years old. The subjects had no chronic or metabolic disease. This research was conducted from April to November, 2020, in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The parameters studied were demographics, daily food intake, anthropometry and a history of obesity in adolescence, and for the participants' fathers and mothers. The statistical test used was the chi-squared test/Fisher test. RESULTS: This study included 136 research subjects, 60 male and 76 female; based on the results of the study, 47.8% were found to be obese, but food intake showed a low intake (96.2%). There was a significant relationship between a history of obesity in adolescence and incidences of obesity (≥30 kg/m2) in the mother and father, with significance values of p=0.01, p=0.004, and p=0.001, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study found that there was a significant relationship between a history of obesity in adolescence and incidences of adult obesity (≥ 30kg/m2) in parents, but not with the level of food intake per day. The risk of obesity will increase further with a history of obesity in parents and obesity in adolescence, and this can be used to understand and prevent obesity.

Role and value of inflammatory markers in brain tumors: A case controlled study.

INTRODUCTION: Brain tumor is one of the most devastating diseases in the world. The Pathogenesis is vary in multiple aspect of mechanism. The tumor microenvironment contains many different noncancerous cell types in addition to cancer cells. Inflammation is thought to be one of the factors that influence the oncogenesis process in brain tumors. METHODS: This study is a case controlled analytical study that analyzes the relationship between levels of inflammatory markers with the type of brain tumor. Samples of 35 people were then categorized according to the variables above and analyzing to measure its significance. RESULTS: Based on demografic study, most sample was male with age was 41-50 years It was found that high levels of procalcitonin were found in the case of glioma brain tumors. Procalcitonin level was considered a significant marker in predicting the severity of a brain tumor (p < 0.005). There was no significant value between the C-Reactive Protein and Neutrophyl-Lymphocyte ratio values for brain tumors. DISCUSSION: Abnormal inflammation is a characteristic of malignant cancers and malignant transformation of low-grade gliomas and other brain tumor. Inflammation-induced activation of transcription factors contributes to the survival and rapid growth of glioma cells. CONCLUSION: As in other malignant cancers, inflammation may contribute to tumor progression. Biomarkers based on inflammation, such as the classical example of Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein, have been used to assess prognosis of glioma patients. These results should be validated and extended in larger clinical studies.

Positive Correlation Between General Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak 1 Month After First Cases Reported in Indonesia.

The increasing number cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infections in the general population in Indonesia raises questions concerning the public's knowledge and attitudes regarding this pandemic. To determine the correlation between the general public's knowledge and attitudes regarding the COVID-19 outbreak 1 month after the first cases were reported in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted between early March and the end of April 2020 in the general population of Indonesia, beginning with the North Sumatra region, where the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia began. Questionnaires were randomly distributed online in the red zone in Indonesia. Data were collected by collecting people's responses to the questionnaire, which were distributed via WhatsApp (WA) application and were competed independently by the participants. A descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes of the general population. A total of 201 people had good knowledge (98%) and a positive attitude (96%) regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents had a negative attitude in relation to two aspects of the COVID-19 outbreak: having to always maintain a distance of 1.5 m when in crowds, and not being able to regularly exercise or eat nutritious food (78.6% and 79.1%, respectively). Most people in Indonesia have good knowledge and a positive attitude regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. However, negative attitudes were still found in this study, and as a result, transmission prevention measures cannot reach their maximum effectiveness by simply publicizing the increase in day-to-day cases to the general public.

A Comparison of the Quality of Sleep between Pre and Post-Surgery Cervical Herniated Nucleus Pulposus Patients Utilizing the Anterior Discectomy Method.

BACKGROUND: Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) is the prolapse of the intervertebral disk through a tear in the annulus fibrosus. This causes nerve root compression with clinical pain manifestation and affects the quality of sleep. AIM: The aim of this study was find out the comparison in the quality of sleep between before (pre) and after (post) surgery cervical HNP patients. METHODS: This study was a retrospective cohort study. Ninety patients were asked to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. All data which has been computed were analysed with the McNemar test. RESULT: The outcome reveals that from 90 patient`s cervical HNP, 81 (90%) were 40 years old age group and 66 (73.3%) of them were women. The result showed that 66 (73.3%) patients have a bad sleep quality before surgery. Surgery has increased the quality of sleep after surgery 66 (73.3%) patients had good sleep quality. There was a significant difference in the quality of sleep pre and post operation (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in the quality of sleep between pre and post operation cervical HNP patient utilising anterior discectomy methods.