Analysis on monitoring results of toxicological indexes of drinking water in rural schools of Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2020 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the toxicological indexes and indexes factors of drinking water in rural schools in Yunnan Province during 2017-2020, so as to provide scientific basis for ensuring drinking water safety, and targeted intervention in rural schools. @*Methods@#The end water of 456，399，391，387 rural primary and secondary school drinking water supply projects in 129 counties in Yunnan Province was collected from 2017 to 2020, 11 toxicological indexes were analyzed and evaluated.@*Results@#The overall compliance rate of drinking water toxicological indexes in rural primary and secondary schools in Yunnan Province was 99.32 %; The top three indexes exceeding the standard were nitrate nitrogen(0.31%), chloroform (0.15%) and cadmium(0.09%). The difference of compliance rate by year was statistically significant( χ 2=11.04, P <0.05); No difference in compliance rate was found between dry and wet seasons( χ 2=0.05, P >0.05); The rate of the surface water meeting the standard was higher than that of the groundwater( χ 2=9.62, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the compliance rate between the treated and untreated projects( χ 2=1.55, P >0.05); The daily water supply scale was less than 500 m 3, and the rate of reaching the standard was lower than that of daily water supply is greater than 500 m 3( χ 2=4.27, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The overall percentage of the toxicological indexes in drinking water exceeding the standard in rural primary and secondary schools in Yunnan Province is low. Nitrate nitrogen, chloroform and cadmium should be considered as the prioritirized pollutants of drinking water in rural schools of Yunnan Province.

Experimental Research on Water Droplet Erosion Resistance Characteristics of Turbine Blade Substrate and Strengthened Layers Materials.

In this paper, the water droplet erosion (WDE) performance of typical martensitic precipitation substrate 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb in steam turbine final stage, laser solid solution strengthened sample, laser cladding sample and brazed stellite alloy samples have been studied based on a high-speed rotating waterjet test system. The WDE resistance of several materials from strong to weak is in sequence: Brazed stellite alloy > laser cladding sample > laser solid solution sample > martensitic substrate. Furthermore, the WDE resistance mechanism and the failure mode of brazed stellite alloy have been revealed. It is found that the hard carbide in the stellite alloy is the starting point of crack formation and propagation. Under the continuous droplet impact, cracks grow and connect into networks, resulting in the removal of carbide precipitates and WDE damage. It is proved that the properties of the Co-based material itself is the reason for its excellent WDE resistance. And the carbides have almost no positive contribution to its anti-erodibility. These new findings are of great significance to process methods and parameter selection of steam turbine blade materials and surface strengthened layers.

Electroacupuncture improves cognitive deficits and activates PPAR-γ in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with a progressive impairment of cognition. Acupuncture has protective effects, although the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) has an impact on the pathogenesis of AD. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that electroacupuncture (EA) confers therapeutic benefits through activation of PPAR-γ in a rat model of AD. METHODS: 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20 each): Control (healthy control group), Sham (sham-operated group), AD (untreated AD model group), and AD+EA (AD model group treated with EA). The AD model was induced in the latter two groups by injection of amyloid-ß (Aß)1-40 into the hippocampal CA1 area bilaterally. EA was administered at GV20 and BL23 six times per week for 4 weeks. The rats' behaviour was examined using the Morris water maze test, and protein expression of Aß, hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-Tau), PPAR-γ, and hyperphosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in the hippocampal CA1 region was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS: EA significantly improved cognitive deficits and reduced Aß and p-Tau Ser404 protein concentrations in the hippocampal CA1 region. AD decreased PPAR-γ and increased p-p38MAPK, while EA significantly upregulated PPAR-γ expression and significantly downregulated p-p38MAPK expression. CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture at GV20 and BL23 might have a beneficial effect on rats with AD via activation of PPAR-γ and inhibition of p-p38MAPK expression.

Two new species of the genus Xizicus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) in China.

Two new species of the genus Xizicus are described, namely Xizicus (Eoxizicus) uncicercus Mao & Shi sp. nov. and Xizicus (Eoxizicus) dischidus Di, Han & Shi sp. nov. from China, in addition, photographs of morphological structure of the species are provided. All type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, P. R. China.

Three new species of the genus Xiphidiopsis Redtenbacher, 1891 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) in China.

The article reported three new species of the genus Xiphidiopsis Redtenbacher, 1891 in China: Xiphidiopsis (Xiphidiopsis) minorincisus Han, Chang & Shi sp. nov., Xiphidiopsis (Xiphidiopsis) protensus Han, Chang & Shi sp. nov. and Xiphidiopsis (Xiphidiopsis) anisolobulus Han, Di & Shi sp. nov. The type material is deposited in the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, P. R. China.

Notes on the genus Pseudokuzicus Gorochov, 1993 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae: Meconematini) from China.

Two new species of the genus Pseudokuzicus are described: Pseudokuzicus (Pseudokuzicus) trianglus sp. nov. and Pseudokuzicus (Pseudokuzicus) platynus sp. nov. from China. In addition, morphological structures, a distribution map for known species distributed in China and a key to the species are provided. All specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, P. R. China.

One new species of the genus Alloteratura Hebard, 1922 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Yunnan, China.

The paper describes one new species of the genus Alloteratura Hebard, 1922 from Yunnan, China, i.e. Alloteratura quaternispina, sp. nov. 

[Performance of detection and treatment in schistosomiasis in Hubei Province, 2011].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of schistosomiasis detection and treatment program in Hubei Province in 2011, so as to enhance the benefit and management of the program. METHODS: In 63 schistosomiasis epidemic counties of Hubei Province, there were 3 types of endemic situation, that was endemic controlled, transmission controlled, and transmission interrupted. Six counties (districts) in each type were selected by the stratified random sampling method. The data including schistosomiasis detection and treatment, fund utilization and others were collected and analyzed statistically in 2011. RESULTS: The completion rate of schistosomiasis detection task was 103.9% and the completion rate of chemotherapy task 106.9%. The total fund was 73.815 million Yuan. The detection cost accounted for 12.0% while the chemotherapy cost accounted for 4.9%. The detection cost per capita was 9.03 Yuan and the treatment cost per capita was 10.35 Yuan. The cost effectiveness ratio was 1:6.1 and the net cost effectiveness ratio was 1:5.1. CONCLUSION: The social-economic benefits in schistosomiasis control and treatment are obvious. However, the resource allocation still needs to be optimized.

Methyl 2-(p-toluene-sulfonamido)benzoate.

The title compound, C(15)H(15)NO(4)S, was prepared by simple condensation of methyl 2-amino-benzoate and 4-methyl-benzene-sulfonyl chloride. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 84.36 (6)°. The mol-ecular structure is stabilized by an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-action involving the carbonyl group as acceptor, generating an S(6) graph-set motif.

[A case-control study on the association of RFC-1 polymorphism and cervical cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible association between RFC-1 polymorphism and cervix carcinoma, as well as the interaction between polymorphism and human papilloma virus16 (HPV16). METHODS: Based on a hospital-based case-control study, 107 cases which were diagnosed as cervical cancer pathematologically and 107 controls with hysteromyoma, were selected by frequency, matched with age and habitation. HPV16 and RFC-1 A80G polymorphism were detected by special PCR and RFLP. RESULTS: (1) HPV16 infection rate in cases (56.07%) was higher than that in controls (31.78%) with the adjusted OR of 3.25 (95% CI: 1.74-6.08). (2) All the genotypes were tested by Hardy-Weinberg balance. (3) Compared with RFC-1 AA,RFC-1 GG had higher risk for cervical cancer with OR of 2.42 (95% CI: 1.01-5.81). (4) No statistical significance was noticed regarding the interaction between RFC-1 polymorphism and HPV16 in logistic regression method. CONCLUSION: The introduction of RFC-1 80GG gene type could increase the risk of cervical cancer.

2,4-Dichloro-6-((1R)-1-{[(R)-(2-chloro-phen-yl)(cyclo-pent-yl)meth-yl]amino}eth-yl)phenol.

In the title compound, C(20)H(22)Cl(3)NO, the five-membered ring adopts an envelope conformation, and the two benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 40.44 (9)°. Intra-molecular O-H⋯N and N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding is present. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked via weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

N-[(R)-(2-Chloro-phen-yl)(cyclo-pent-yl)meth-yl]-N-[(R)-(2-hydr-oxy-5-methyl-phen-yl)(phen-yl)meth-yl]acetamide.

In the title compound, C(28)H(30)ClNO(2), the cyclo-pentane ring adopts an envelope conformation. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains running along the a axis.

4-Methyl-2-[(E)-phen-yl(1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-1-naphthyl-imino)meth-yl]phenol.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(24)H(23)NO, the phenyl ring makes dihedral angles of 81.53 (11) and 75.35 (12)°, respectively, with the methyl-substituted and the fused benzene rings. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 71.10 (10)°. There is an intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond.

4-Chloro-2-((1R)-1-{[(R)-(2-chloro-phen-yl)(cyclo-pent-yl)meth-yl]amino}eth-yl)phenol.

The title compound, C(20)H(23)Cl(2)NO, was prepared by condensation of (R)-1-(2-chloro-phen-yl)-1-cyclo-pentyl-methanamine with 1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phen-yl)ethanone, resulting in the formation of a new chiral center. The structural analysis confirms the absolute configuration of the title compound and the formation of the (R,R) diastereoisomer. There is an intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond which stabilizes the conformation of the mol-ecule. The mol-ecules are linked to each other through weak C-H⋯π inter-actions.

4-Chloro-2-((1R)-1-{[(R)-(2-chlorophen-yl)(cyclo-pent-yl)meth-yl]amino}prop-yl)phenol.

In the title compound, C(21)H(25)Cl(2)NO, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 33.18 (11)°. The five-membered ring adopts an envelope conformation. There is an intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by weak N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a helical chain along the c axis.