Engineered nanoparticles promote cardiac tropism of AAV vectors.

Cardiac muscle targeting is a notoriously difficult task. Although various nanoparticle (NP) and adeno-associated viral (AAV) strategies with heart tissue tropism have been developed, their performance remains suboptimal. Significant off-target accumulation of i.v.-delivered pharmacotherapies has thwarted development of disease-modifying cardiac treatments, such as gene transfer and gene editing, that may address both rare and highly prevalent cardiomyopathies and their complications. Here, we present an intriguing discovery: cargo-less, safe poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles that drastically improve heart delivery of AAVs and NPs. Our lead formulation is referred to as ePL (enhancer polymer). We show that ePL increases selectivity of AAVs and virus-like NPs (VLNPs) to the heart and de-targets them from the liver. Serotypes known to have high (AAVrh.74) and low (AAV1) heart tissue tropisms were tested with and without ePL. We demonstrate up to an order of magnitude increase in heart-to-liver accumulation ratios in ePL-injected mice. We also show that ePL exhibits AAV/NP-independent mechanisms of action, increasing glucose uptake in the heart, increasing cardiac protein glycosylation, reducing AAV neutralizing antibodies, and delaying blood clearance of AAV/NPs. Current approaches utilizing AAVs or NPs are fraught with challenges related to the low transduction of cardiomyocytes and life-threatening immune responses; our study introduces an exciting possibility to direct these modalities to the heart at reduced i.v. doses and, thus, has an unprecedented impact on drug delivery and gene therapy. Based on our current data, the ePL system is potentially compatible with any therapeutic modality, opening a possibility of cardiac targeting with numerous pharmacological approaches.

Hepatoprotective activity of Zha Xun and its different solvent-eluting components / 药学学报

A pharmacophore-based study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic activity of the traditional Tibetan medicine Zha Xun (ZX) in liver diseases. In the present study, the protective effect of ZX on the acute liver injury induced by concanavalin A (ConA) and 0.15% carbon tetrachloride (0.15% CCl4) in ICR mice was evaluated, and the results showed that ZX significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the ConA-induced acute immune liver injury model and the CCl4-induced acute oxidative liver injury model (P < 0.05). Subsequently, the protective effects of aqueous, 95% ethanol, 60% ethanol and 30% ethanol eluting fractions of ZX, and fulvic acid, the main water-soluble constituent of ZX, were evaluated against acute oxidative liver injury induced by 0.15% CCl4 in mice. The results showed that different solvent-eluting fractions of ZX showed certain hepatoprotective activities, among which the aqueous extract of ZX and 30% ethanol extract of ZX significantly reduced the serum levels of ALT, AST, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in mice (P < 0.05), and the serum levels of LDH in mice were significantly reduced by fulvic acid (P < 0.05), which showed significant hepatoprotective activity. The protective activities and preliminary mechanisms of the total extract of ZX, the aqueous extract of ZX, the 30% ethanol extract of ZX, and fulvic acid against hepatocellular injury in vitro were further evaluated by using the H2O2-induced hepatocellular injury model. The results showed that the components could significantly inhibit H2O2-induced hepatocellular injury, reduce the levels of ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and LDH, improve the survival rate of hepatocellular cells, and reduce the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell culture. At the same time, it can inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis by increasing the expression ratio of Bcl-2/BAX protein and decreasing the expression ratio of cleaved caspase-3/pro caspase-3 protein. The present study showed that ZX has clear hepatoprotective activity in vitro and in vivo, and the different solvent elution fractions of ZX showed certain hepatoprotective activity, among which the aqueous extract of ZX, 30% ethanol extract of ZX had better hepatoprotective activity, and the activity of 60% ethanol extract of ZX was stronger than that of 95% ethanol extract of ZX. The activity of ZX and its water-soluble elution site exerted hepatoprotective effects by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress. The animals used in this experiment and related disposal meet the requirements of animal welfare, and have been reviewed and approved by the Laboratory Animal Management and Use Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: 00004018).

The influence of nursing model based on mind map on the psychological status and prognosis of patients undergoing thoracoscopic laparoscopic esophageal cancer resection / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of mind map based nursing mode on psychological status and prognosis of patients undergoing thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy.Methods:A total of 116 patients who underwent thoracoscopic laparoscopic esophageal cancer resection in Sanya People′s Hospital, Hainan Province from November 2017 to October 2019 were selected. According to the admission time, all patients were divided into control group and observation group, with 58 cases in each group. The patients in the control group used conventional nursing strategies, and the observation group used the method of relying on mind mapping on the basis of conventional strategies to assist nursing intervention. The negative emotions and coping styles of the two groups at admission and discharge, as well as the ICU re-occupancy rate, unplanned extubation rate, and satisfaction with nursing intervention between the two groups were compared.Results:At admission, there was no significant difference in Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) scores between the two groups ( P>0.05). At discharge, the SAS and SDS scores of the observation group were 38.99±5.07 and 37.25±5.59, 43.25±6.49 and 41.26±4.54. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t values were 3.939, 4.241, all P<0.01). At admission, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of facing, yielding, and avoiding between the two groups ( P>0.05). At discharge, the scores of face, yield, and avoidance of the observation group were 15.47±1.86, 8.92±1.16, 9.05±1.18, and the control group were 13.32±1.60, 11.11±1.56, 12.03±1.56, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t values were -6.674, 8.579, 11.603, all P<0.01). The ICU re-occupancy rate and unplanned extubation rate were 1.72% (1/58) and 3.45% (2/58) in the observation group, and 13.79% (8/58) and 15.52% (9/58) in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 4.336, 4.921, all P<0.05). The observation group ′s satisfaction with nursing intervention, communication ability, professional knowledge, and disease mastery scores were 6.81±1.95, 7.02±2.01, 8.12±1.23, and the control group were 5.35±2.11, 5.71±1.87, 6.21±0.99, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -3.870, -3.634, -9.213, all P<0.001). Conclusions:For patients undergoing thoracic laparoscopic esophageal cancer resection, the use of mind-mapping-based nursing intervention is beneficial to improve the patient ′s psychological condition, prognosis and nursing satisfaction.

Evaluation on the preliminary classification of carbapenemase in gram-negative rods by the inhibitor enhanced carbapenem inactivation method / 临床检验杂志

Objective To evaluate the reliability of the inhibitor enhanced carbapenem inactivation method (ieCIM) in the detection and preliminary classification of carbapenemase in gram-negative rods.Methods The carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) was modified by adding tazobactam or ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt as carbapenemase inhibitors into the reaction system.A total of 198 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and 35 strains of nonfermenters were collected,and their preliminary classification of carbapenemase was performed by the ieCIM.Meanwhile,their carbapenemase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and the results were compared with that of the ieCIM.Results Among 198 strains of Enterobacteriaceae,101 were positive for carbapenemase genes,while 99 were detected by the CIM.Among the other 97 strains with negative carbapenemase gene,the results of the ieCIM were also negative.Among 35 strains of nonfermenters,25 were positive for carbapenemase genes,while 24 were detected by the CIM.Among the other 10 strains with negative carbapenemase gene,the results of the CIM were also negative.Using the ieCIM,97.7％ (85/87) of strains producing class A carbapenemase and 88.0％ (22/25) of strains producing class B carbapenemase were detected.Twelve strains producing class D carbapenemase and 2 strains producing both class A and class B carbapenemase were detected by the ieCIM.The total detection sensitivity and specificity of the ieCIM were 96％ and 100％,respectively.Conclusion The ieCIM has the consistent results with the detection method of carbapenemase genes,which may be used to detect and classify carbapenemase in clinical microbiology laboratories.

Prevalence and drug resistance characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Hangzhou, China / 医学前沿

With the abuse of antimicrobial agents in developing countries, increasing number of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) attracted considerable public concern. A retrospective study was conducted based on 242 CRE strains from a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China to investigate prevalence and drug resistance characteristics of CRE in southeast China. Bacterial species were identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility was examined by broth microdilution method or epsilometer test. Resistant β-lactamase genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Genotypes were investigated by phylogenetic analysis. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were the most prevalent types of species, with occurrence in 71.9% and 21.9% of the strains, respectively. All strains exhibited high resistance (> 70%) against β-lactam antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and nitrofurantoin but exhibited low resistance against tigecycline (0.8%) and minocycline (8.3%). A total of 123 strains harbored more than two kinds of β-lactamase genes. bla, bla, bla, and bla were the predominant genotypes, with detection rates of 60.3%, 61.6%, 43.4%, and 16.5%, respectively, and were highly identical with reference sequences in different countries, indicating potential horizontal dissemination. IMP-4 was the most frequent class B metallo-lactamases in this study. In conclusion, continuous surveillance and effective prevention should be emphasized to reduce spread of CRE.

Detection of SNR and geometric accuracy of MRI system based on ACR standards / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To detect the SNR and geometric accuracy of MRI based on American College of Radiology (ACR)standards.Methods The SNR and geometric accuracy of Siemens Skyra 3.0T,Siemens Trio 3.0T and GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI were measured with ACR phantom,and the detection results were calculated according to the standards.Results The SNR values of Siemens Skyra 3.0T,Siemens Trio 3.0T and GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI were 589.98,438.50 and 277.12 respectively.Siemens Skyra 3.0T MRI had the values of geometric accuracy being-1.93％ at X direction,-3.20％ at Y direction and 0.68％ at Z direction,Siemens Trio 3.0T MRI had the value of geometric accuracy being-0.87％ at X direction,-2.33％ at Y direction and 1.49％ at Z direction,GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI had the values of geometric accuracy being 0.20％ at X direction,-1.53％ at Y direction and 1.69％ at Z direction.Conclusion The detection of the SNR and geometric accuracy of MRI can effectively guarantee the image quality.

Detection of SNR and geometric accuracy of MRI system based on ACR standards / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To detect the SNR and geometric accuracy of MRI based on American College of Radiology (ACR)standards.Methods The SNR and geometric accuracy of Siemens Skyra 3.0T,Siemens Trio 3.0T and GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI were measured with ACR phantom,and the detection results were calculated according to the standards.Results The SNR values of Siemens Skyra 3.0T,Siemens Trio 3.0T and GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI were 589.98,438.50 and 277.12 respectively.Siemens Skyra 3.0T MRI had the values of geometric accuracy being-1.93％ at X direction,-3.20％ at Y direction and 0.68％ at Z direction,Siemens Trio 3.0T MRI had the value of geometric accuracy being-0.87％ at X direction,-2.33％ at Y direction and 1.49％ at Z direction,GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI had the values of geometric accuracy being 0.20％ at X direction,-1.53％ at Y direction and 1.69％ at Z direction.Conclusion The detection of the SNR and geometric accuracy of MRI can effectively guarantee the image quality.

Evaluation of the Carba NP test to detect carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the performance of Carba NP test (CNP) for detection of carbapenemases in carbapenem-non-susceptive Enterobacteriaceae.Methods Carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from clinical specimens in the 117th hospital of PLA from January 2010 to December 2014 were detected by both CNP and modified Hodge test (MHT),and corresponding results were analyzed and compared by Chi-square using SPSS version 19.0.Data acquired from PCR were used as the standard.Results Of the 253 carbapenem-non-susceptive Enterobacteriaceae strains,188 positive strains and 65 negative strains were detected by MHT,and 175 positive strains,77 negative strains and 1 undetectable strain were detected by CNP,while 177 positive strains and 76 negative strains were detected by PCR.Sensitivities of two tests were comparable [CNP,98.9％ (175/177),versus MHT,98.3％ (174/177);x2 =0.5,P =0.48],but CNP was more specific [100.0％ (76/76) versus 81.6％ (62/76);x2 =12.1,P ＜ 0.05].Positive result in the CNP was emerged earliest in a KPC-producing strain.Conclusion The CNP is rapid and simple,which have good sensitivity and specificity.Yet further perfection is still needed in the future.

Inhibitory effect of metformin on proliferation of megakaryocytic leukemia cell line Dami and its mechanism / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the effect of metformin on the growth of megakaryocytic leukemia cell line Dami and to explore the molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of metformin on the proliferation of Dami. Methods The Dami cells were cultured and divided into control and 1,2,4,8,16 and 32 mmol·L-1 metformin groups.Then MTT test was performed to detect the inhitory rate of proliferation of Dami cells after treated with different concentrations of metformin. Flow cytometry was used to examine the distribution of cell cycle, and Western blotting was carried out to analyze the expressions of Cdc2 and CylinB1 and the phosphorylation of Cdc2. Results The MTT results showed that compared with control group,the inhibitory rates of proliferation of the Dami cells in 32 mmol·L-1 metformin groups at 0,24,48,72 and 96 h (35.1%±2.3%,49.7%±5.1%, 78.85±0.9%,79.1%± 3.0%%,and 85.2%± 3.2%)were significantly increased(P<0.01),Furthermore, after metformin treatment for 72 h,the inhibitory rates of proliferation of the Dami cells in 1,2,4,8,16 and 32 mmol·L-1 metformin groups were (33.8 ± 0.3)%,(51.9 ± 0.2)%,(59.4 ± 1.6)%,(65.5 ± 2.0)%, (75.5±0.9)%,and (79.1±3.0)%,respectively. Metformin inhibited the growth of Dami cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The flow cytometry results results revealed that compared with control group, the percentages of Dami cells in G2/M phase in 1,2 and 4 mmol·L-1 metformin groups were increased from (26.0± 0.5)% to (38.5 ± 1.5 )%, (48.4 ± 1.1 )%, and (58.2 ± 2.7 )%;there was significant difference in the percentages of Dami cells in G2/M phase between control group and 4 mmol·L-1 metformin group (P<0.01). Western blotting analysis showed that compared with control group, the expressions of Cdc2 and CyclinB were evidently reduced, the phosophorylation of Cdc2 at Tyr1 5 was up-regulated, and the phosphorylation at Thr1 6 1 was down-regulated.Conclusion Metformin can inhibit the growth of Dami cells and induce G2/M arrest,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of Cdc2/CyclinB1 complex.

Chemical constituents of Artemisia lactiflora(II) / 中国中药杂志

To study the chemical constituents of Artemisia lactiflora. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel, C18 reverse-phase silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. Twelve compounds were isolated from alcohol extracts of A. lactiflora and identified as 7-hydroxycoumarin (1), 7-methoxycoumarin (2), balanophonin (3), aurantiamide (4), aurantiamide acetate (5), isovitexin (6), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-rutinoside (7), rutin (8), caffeic acid ethyl ester (9), quercetin (10), methyl 3, 5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (11) and methyl 3, 4-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (12), respectively. Compounds 3-12 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Association of polymorphisms of potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1 and type 2 diabetes in Jiangsu province, China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association of polymorphisms in the potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily,member 1(KCNQ1) gene with type 2 diabetes in Chinese population from Jiangsu province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subjects consisting of 2925 cases and 3281 controls were enrolled from a community based cohort study of type 2 diabetes in Wuxi in 2007 and a community based cross-sectional survey on chronic non-communicable disease in Nantong in 2009. Epidemiological questionnaire survey and physical examinations were conducted and 10 h overnight fasting blood samples of 5 ml were drawn for all subjects.Genotypes were determined by TaqMan OpenArray Genotyping System and i-PLEX Sequenom MassARRAY platform. The relationship between KCNQ1 gene polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes after adjustment for age,sex and body mass index (BMI) was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The C allele of rs2237897, rs2237892 and rs2237895 at KCNQ1 increased the risk of type 2 diabetes with adjusted OR (95%CI) value being 1.41(1.30-1.54), 1.35(1.24-1.47), 1.22(1.12-1.33) respectively (all P value < 0.05) under the additive genetic model after adjusted by age,sex and BMI. Stratification analyses in additive genetic model showed that the C allele of rs2237897 increased the risk of type 2 diabetes in subgroups stratified by age ( ≤ 56 years and > 56 years), sex (females and males), BMI (< 24 kg/m(2) and ≥ 24 kg/m(2)) with OR (95%CI) value being 1.39(1.22-1.59), 1.43(1.28-1.60), 1.40(1.26-1.55), 1.44(1.26-1.66), 1.48(1.33-1.66), 1.34(1.17-1.53) respectively (all P value< 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Polymorphisms of rs2237897, rs2237892 and rs2237895 in the KCNQ1 gene were associated with occurrence of type 2 diabetes among Jiangsu province population.</p>

Comparison of diagnostic value between DR and MSCT in fracture and dislocation of foot and ankle / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the diagnostic value between digital photography (DR) and multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in fracture and dislocation of foot and ankle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2010 to August 2012, the DR and MSCT data of 52 patients with fracture and dislocation of foot and ankle were compared according to results of surgery or discharge diagnosis. There were 37 males and 15 females, aged from 15 to 49 years old. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of 52 cases of MSCT were matched with the postoperative or discharge diagnosis. A total of 172 fractures were found on MSCT and 98 fractures were found on DR, the results had significant difference in detecting fracture (V=1 081, P<0.05); A total of 24 dislocations were found on MSCT and 16 dislocations were found on DR,the results also had significant difference in detecting dislocation (V=21, P<0.05). Fractures of 6 cases with DR diagnosis were corrected and located by MSCT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MSCT is significantly better than DR in diagnosis of fracture and dislocation of foot and ankle. The examination of two parts should be performed in DR. MSCT and multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) examination should be further performed if DR results are unclear or do not match with clinical symptoms, missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis can be avoided.</p>

The effect of rational emotive therapy on serf-esteem status of breast cancer patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of rational emotive therapy on self-esteem status of breast cancer patients.Methods 118 cases of breast cancer patients were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 59 cases in each group.The control group received routine care,and the observation group received rational emotive therapy on the basis of routine care.The self-esteem status of the two groups of patients was assessed before and after the intervention respectively with State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES).Results The score of behavior self-esteem,social self-esteem,appearance self-esteem and the total score of self-esteem of the patients in two groups before intervention showed no significant difference,but the above scores were higher in the observation group than those in the control group after intervention.Conclusions Rational emotive therapy can improve self-esteem status of breast cancer patients,thereby improve the mental health of the patients.

Rapamycin pre-treatment abrogates Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha down-regulatory effects on LXR-alpha and PXR mRNA expression via inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 activation in HepG2 cells

The Liver X Receptor (LXR) and Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Previously, they have been classified as important regulators of lipid homeostasis. However, recent studies have shown that they may be implicated in anti-inflammatory responses as well. This study shows that Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) treatment reduces both LXR-alpha and PXR mRNA expression. However, pre-treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, followed by TNF-alpha stimulation, significantly induces LXR-alpha and PXR mRNA expression to ~17- and ~2-fold, respectively. This suggests that mTORC1, a multi-molecular complex of which mTOR is a member, may act as a negative regulator that inhibits the induction of LXR-alpha and PXR as anti-inflammatory genes. It is also shown here that inhibition of JNK1 via the mTOR/Akt pathway coincides with the up-regulation of LXR-alpha and PXR mRNA, after TNF-alpha treatment. Together, these observations suggest that JNK1 possibly act downstream of mTORC1 as an LXR-alpha and PXR inhibitor. From the results gleaned in this study, rapamycin (and its analogues) may be used to reduce acute inflammation by promoting the induction of LXR-alpha and PXR as anti-inflammatory genes.

Influence of self-management education on quality of life of patients with deep vein thrombosis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the influence of self-management education on quality of life of patients with deep vein thrombosis. Methods 60 cases of deep vein thrombosis patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 30 cases in each group, two groups basically received the same medication treatment, the control group held conventional health education, The experimental group implemented self-management education.Life quality was compared before education and 3 months after education was compared between the two groups. Results Before self-management education, the scores of quality of life of the two groups showed no difference; after three months of selfmanagement education, the score of body's function, psychological function, social function and total score of quality of life were obviouly different.However, there were no significant differences in material life. Conclusions Self-management education can improve the quality of life of patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.

Application of nursing risk management in patients with breast cancer during postoperative chemotherapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the application of nursing risk management in the patients with breast cancer during postoperative chemotherapy. Methods Patients with breast cancer during postoperative chemotherapy in our hospital from January to December 2009 were surveyed retrospectively, and analyzed the factors that may cause drug extravasations. Then the appropriate care and risk management measures were implemented by the nursing staff from January to December 2010. Incidence of drug extravasations was compared before and after the implementation of the measures. Results Before the implementation of nursing risk management, the incidence of drug extravasations of the patients with breast cancer of postoperative chemotherapy was 5.77%, the incidence of skin necrosis was 0.64%; after the implementation of nursing risk management,leakage of chemotherapy drugs was 0.59%, no skin necrosis occurs. Conclusions Implementation of nursing risk management can significantly reduce the incidence of chemotherapy drugs leaking in patients with breast cancer during postoperative chemotherapy.

GJB2 235delC single allelic mutation modulates the phenotype associated with the mitochondrial A1555G mutation / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate a non-syndromic deafness family in which potential interaction between the GJB2 gene and a mitochondrial gene appeared to be the cause of hearing impairment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Audiological examination was performed by pure-tone audiometry (PTA). Blood samples from 8 members of the pedigree were obtained. DNA was extracted from the leukocytes. The coding region of the GJB2 gene and mitochondrial DNA target fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were analyzed by sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Direct sequencing showed that the proband had both a heterozygous mutation of 235delC in the GJB2 gene and a mitochondrial 1555 A to G mutation. The proband had profound hearing loss. The maternal relatives had sensorineural hearing loss in the higher frequencies or no hearing loss.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The GJB2 mutations may be an aggravating factor in the phenotypic expression of the non-syndromic hearing loss associated with the A1555G mitochondrial mutation.</p>

Relationship between polymorphisms of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 gene Arg194Trp, Arg399Gln and susceptibility of breast cancer / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between two polymorphisms, Arg194Trp and Arg399Glu, of DNA repair gene X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and the susceptibility of breast cancer in Chinese women.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study with 698 histologically-confirmed female breast cancer cases and 813 cancer-free controls frequency-matched by age and residential area was conducted, and the genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Glu with susceptibility of breast cancer. A Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the association of Arg399Glu with breast cancer in Chinese women.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genotype frequencies of Arg/Arg, Arg/Trp, Trp/Trp, Arg/Trp + Trp/Trp of XRCC1 gene 194 locus were 48.81% (327/670), 39.85% (267/670), 11.34% (76/670), 51.19% (343/670) in cases and 48.80% (387/793), 41.99% (333/793), 9.21% (73/793), 51.20% (406/793) in controls. Compared to Arg/Arg, the adjusted ORs (95%CIs) were 0.98 (0.75 - 1.28), 1.17 (0.76 - 1.80), 1.09 (0.86 - 1.40). The frequencies of Arg/Arg, Arg/Trp, Trp/Trp, Arg/Gln + Gln/Gln of XRCC1 399 locus were 52.40% (349/666), 38.29% (255/666), 9.31%(62/666), 47.60% (317/666) in cases and 52.22% (412/789), 38.53% (304/789), 9.25% (73/789), 47.78%(377/789) in controls. Compared to Arg/Arg, the adjusted ORs (95%CIs) were 0.93(0.63 - 1.08), 0.96 (0.42 - 1.09), 0.91 (0.62 - 1.05). No significant associations were found between these two polymorphisms and breast cancer risk, also in subgroups stratified by menopause status, history of breast-feed, reproduction and taking oral contraceptives. The overall ORs (95%CIs) of 399 Arg/Trp + Trp/Trp vs Arg/Arg from Meta analysis was 0.97 (0.85 - 1.10).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln may not play an important role in the susceptibility of breast cancer in Chinese women.</p>

Association between calpain-10 gene polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus:a Meta analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective The purpose of this study was to approach the relation of SNP43,SNP44 locus, main haplotypes and haplotype combinations with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods According to the theory and principles of systematic review,data from case-control studies regarding the association between calpain-10(CAPN10) gene and T2DM were derived through electronic search of PubMed and Chinese journals databases.To gain a more precise estimation of the relationship,a stratified Meta-analysis with four subgroups was pertbrmed according to the races.Publication bias Was also assessed.Results The association with T2DM in different races was evaluated.In Mongoloid race,SNP43-G allele,G/G genotype and 111/221 haplotype combination showed notable association with T2DM with Ors (95%CI) as 1.368(1.155-1.620),1.437(1.186-1.741) and 2.762 (1.287-5.927) respectively.In Caucasoid race,SNP44-C allele,111/111 hapotype combination showed strong relationship with T2DM with Ors(95%CI) as 1.144(1.023-1.278),1.291(1.050-1.586) respectively.In Hybrid race,only one positive finding Was obtained which Was SNP44-C allele with OR(95%CI)as 1.653(1.025-2.665).Conclusion SNP43-G allele,G/G genotype,111/221 were risk factors to Mongoloid race.And SNP-C allele,111/111 haplotype combination were risk factors to Caucasoid race,and SNP44-C allele to Hybrid race.