RESUMEN
Cephalosporinases, which are naturally present in some enterobacterial species, can be mobilized by transposons, migrate to plasmids, and spread into other species such as Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to characterize genes responsible for the production of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL) in E. coli isolates from urinary origin isolated in two hospitals in Senegal. Thus, a fortuitous discovery of plasmidic cephalosporinase in two isolates was noted. One of the isolates produced dha-1 associated with ESBL CTX-M-14, the other produced cmy-2, ESBL CTXM-15, tem-1 penicillinase, and oxa-1. This confirms the circulation of multidrug-resistant bacteria producing plasmidic cephalosporinase in Senegal. However, a large study is needed to better understand the prevalence and the nature of the genes involved.
Asunto(s)
Cefalosporinasa/genética , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Resistencia betalactámica/genética , beta-Lactamasas/genética , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Escherichia coli/genética , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/genética , Hospitales/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Hallazgos Incidentales , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Senegal/epidemiología , Infecciones Urinarias/epidemiología , Infecciones Urinarias/genética , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The use of skin bleaching cosmetics is an increasingly widespread phenomenon in Africa. If the negative sanitary effects of this practice are today well known, reliable statistics on the importance of the problem within the global population are rare. Our study, conducted in two popular areas in Dakar, Usine bene taly and Usine Niary Taly, had 2 objectives: to determine the prevalence of the use of skin bleaching cosmetics in the studied zones, to describe the prevalence according to the following variables: age, matrimonial situation, level and/or type of instruction, job, type of agents used. For that purpose, we conducted a transverse study on a representative sample of 600 women from 15 to 55 years old. This study reveals a prevalence of the use of skin bleaching cosmetics of 67.2%. The agents found are hydroquinone derivatives (61%), topical corticosteroids (37%) and agents from unknown origin (2%). The use of skin bleaching cosmetics is more important among young women between 30 to 44 years (72.5%), married (72.2%), analphabets (75%), working (77.6%). Studies conducted in Mali and Togo gave comparable results, which give perspectives for a prevention based on education an awareness.