Long-term Low-Dose Sucrose May Prevent Migraine: Two Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Pilot Trials.

AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of sucrose in the prevention of migraine attacks. METHODS: Two randomized double-blinded pilot trials were conducted, one in college students and one in adults. Migraineurs were randomized into two groups that each received an oral liquid: for students, sucrose 5 g/day (s-group; n = 12) or glucose 2.5 g/day (g-group; n = 10) for 3 months; and for adults, sucrose 5 g/day (s-group; n = 10) or fructose 2.5 g/day (f-group; n = 9) for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the frequency of migraine attacks per month, and the secondary endpoints were mean duration and severity of migraine per attack. Continuous measurements were described as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The overall significance of the effects between different groups was tested using repeated measures analysis of variance (RANOVA), and the efficacy was evaluated using an intent-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: Migraine frequency in the students declined significantly in the g-group (mean reduction ± SD: 0.65 ± 0.71; P < .01), but not in the s-group (0.33 ± 2.02; P = .58). RANOVA results suggested that the secondary endpoints significantly declined over time (all P < .01) with no differences between the groups. In the adult trial, mixed-effects model analysis showed that both the primary and secondary endpoints significantly declined over time with no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: Long-term consumption of a 5-g dose of sucrose for adult migraineurs or a 2.5-g dose of glucose for college student migraineurs may be as effective as preventive treatments.

Are Glucose and Insulin Metabolism and Diabetes Associated with Migraine? A Community-Based, Case-Control Study.

AIMS: To investigate the association between glucose and insulin metabolism and migraine, as well as between diabetes mellitus (DM) and migraine, at a Chinese community level. METHODS: A community-based, case-control study was performed in Heihe City, China. A survey was conducted door to door by eight trained investigators. Migraine was diagnosed using the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III) beta criteria. A total of 2,023 participants completed a questionnaire, underwent a physical examination, and donated fasting blood. After excluding 191 with reported DM, 1,832 participants were included in the study. Of these, 86 participants with migraine and 95 without migraine participated in a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed at 0 minutes and serum glucose and insulin levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after glucose loading. Data with skewed distributions were compared using rank sum test, and the associations between DM and migraine were analyzed with logistic regression. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), ß-cell function index of HOMA, or quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) between the participants with migraine and without migraine. When participants without migraine were classified into DM, prediabetes, and normal glucose subgroups and compared with the corresponding migraine subgroups, participants in the migraine subgroup with prediabetes presented higher levels of fasting insulin and HOMA-IR and a lower QUICKI than the nonmigraine subgroup with prediabetes. Moreover, DM was negatively associated with migraine in the 181 subjects who participated in the OGTT; however, no association was found when all 1,832 participants were considered. CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance seems to exist in individuals with both migraine and prediabetes, and there is a possible negative association between DM and migraine.