Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Continuous Training on Exercise Capacity, Heart Rate Variability and Isolated Hearts in Diabetic Rats. / Efeitos do Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade e do Treinamento Contínuo na Capacidade de Exercício, Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca e em Corações Isolados em Ratos Diabéticos.

BACKGROUND: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been suggested as an alternative for continuous training (CT) in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) due to its short duration and potential to improve adherence to exercise. However, data on its impact on heart rate variability (HRV) are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare the effects of HIIT and CT on exercise capacity, HRV and isolated hearts in diabetic rats. METHODS: DM (intravenous streptozotocin, 45 mg.kg -1 ) and control (C) animals performed 20 sessions (5 days/week, 50 min, for 4 weeks) of CT on a treadmill (70% of maximal exercise capacity) or HIIT (cycles of 1:1min at 50% and 90% of maximal exercise capacity). HRV was assessed by continuous electrocardiogram, and cardiac function assessed in isolated perfused hearts. For data analysis, we used the framework of the multivariate covariance generalized linear model or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test, considering p<0.05 as significant. RESULTS: Higher exercise capacity (m/min) was achieved in HIIT (DM-HIIT: 36.5 [IQR 30.0-41.3]; C-HIIT: 41.5 [37.8-44.5], both n=10) compared to CT (DM-CT: 29.0 [23.8-33.0]; C-CT: 32.0 [29.5-37.0], both n=10) (p<0.001). Heart rate (bpm) was lower in DM compared to controls (p<0.001) both in vivo (DM-HIIT:348±51, C-HIIT:441±66, DM-CT:361±70, C-CT:437±38) and in isolated hearts. There were no differences in HRV between the groups. Maximum and minimal dP/dt were reduced in DM, except +dP/dt in DM-HIIT vs. C-HIIT (mean difference: 595.5±250.3, p=0.190). CONCLUSION: Short-term HIIT promotes greater improvement in exercise performance compared to CT, including in DM, without causing significant changes in HRV.

FUNDAMENTO: O treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) tem sido sugerido como alternativa ao treinamento contínuo (TC) em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus (DM) devido à sua curta duração e potencial para melhorar a adesão ao exercício. No entanto, dados sobre seu impacto sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) são escassos. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar e comparar os efeitos do HIIT e TC sobre a capacidade no exercício, VFC e corações isolados em ratos diabéticos. MÉTODOS: Animais diabéticos (estreptozotocina intravenosa, 45 mg.kg -1 ) e controles (C) realizaram 20 sessões de TC (5 dias/semana, 50 min, por quatro semanas) em esteira (70% da capacidade máxima de exercício) ou HIIT (ciclos de 1:1min a 50% e 90% da capacidade máxima de exercício). A VFC foi avaliada por eletrocardiograma contínuo, e a função cardíaca foi avaliada em corações isolados perfundidos. Para a análise dos dados, utilizamos a matriz do modelo linear generalizado de covariância multivariada ou o teste one-way ANOVA seguido pelo teste de Tukey, considerando um valor de p<0,05 como significativo. RESULTADOS: A capacidade de exercício (m/min) foi maior no grupo submetido ao HIIT [DM-HIIT: 36,5 (IIQ 30,0-41,3); C-HIIT: 41,5 (37,8-44,5), ambos n=10) em comparação ao grupo submetido ao TC [DM-TC: 29,0 (23,8-33,0); C-TC: 32,0 (29,5-37,0), ambos n=10) (p<0,001). A frequência cardíaca (bpm) foi mais baixa no grupo DM em comparação aos controles (p<0,001) tanto in vivo (DM-HIIT: 348±51, C-HIIT:441±66, DM-TC:361±70, C-TC:437±38) como nos corações isolados. Não houve diferenças na VFC entre os grupos. Os valores máximos e mínimos de dP/dt foram reduzidos no DM, com exceção da +dP/dt no grupo DM-HIIT vs. C-HIIT (diferença média: 595,5±250,3, p=0,190). CONCLUSÃO: O HIIT de curto prazo promoveu melhora superior no desempenho no exercício em comparação ao TC, sem causar mudanças significativas na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca.

STAT-3 signaling role in an experimental model of nephropathy induced by doxorubicin.

The focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the most frequent glomerulopathy in the world, being considered a significative public health problem worldwide. The disease is characterized by glomerular loss mainly due to inflammation process and collagen fibers deposition. STAT-3 is a transcription factor associated with cell differentiation, migration and proliferation and in renal cells it has been related with fibrosis, acting on the progression of the lesion. Considering this perspective, the present study evaluated the involvement of STAT-3 molecule in an experimental model of FSGS induced by Doxorubicin (DOX). DOX mimics primary FSGS by causing both glomerular and tubular lesions and the inhibition of the STAT3 pathway leads to a decrease in fibrosis and attenuation of kidney damage. We described here a novel FSGS experimental model in a strain of genetically heterogeneous mice which resembles the reality of FSGS patients. DOX-injected mice presented elevated indices of albuminuria and glycosuria, that were significantly reduced in animals treated with a STAT-3 inhibitor (STATTIC), in addition with a decrease of some inflammatory molecules. Moreover, we detected that SOCS-3 (a regulator of STAT family) was up-regulated only in STATTIC-treated mice. Finally, histopathological analyzes showed that DOX-treated group had a significant increase in a tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular necrosis, which were not identified in both control and STATTIC groups. Thus, our results indicate that STAT-3 pathway possess an important role in experimental FSGS induced by DOX and may be an important molecule to be further investigated.

Efeitos do Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade e do Treinamento Contínuo na Capacidade de Exercício, Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca e em Corações Isolados em Ratos Diabéticos / Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Continuous Training on Exercise Capacity, Heart Rate Variability and Isolated Hearts in Diabetic Rats

Resumo Fundamento O treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) tem sido sugerido como alternativa ao treinamento contínuo (TC) em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus (DM) devido à sua curta duração e potencial para melhorar a adesão ao exercício. No entanto, dados sobre seu impacto sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) são escassos. Objetivos Avaliar e comparar os efeitos do HIIT e TC sobre a capacidade no exercício, VFC e corações isolados em ratos diabéticos. Métodos Animais diabéticos (estreptozotocina intravenosa, 45 mg.kg -1 ) e controles (C) realizaram 20 sessões de TC (5 dias/semana, 50 min, por quatro semanas) em esteira (70% da capacidade máxima de exercício) ou HIIT (ciclos de 1:1min a 50% e 90% da capacidade máxima de exercício). A VFC foi avaliada por eletrocardiograma contínuo, e a função cardíaca foi avaliada em corações isolados perfundidos. Para a análise dos dados, utilizamos a matriz do modelo linear generalizado de covariância multivariada ou o teste one-way ANOVA seguido pelo teste de Tukey, considerando um valor de p<0,05 como significativo. Resultados A capacidade de exercício (m/min) foi maior no grupo submetido ao HIIT [DM-HIIT: 36,5 (IIQ 30,0-41,3); C-HIIT: 41,5 (37,8-44,5), ambos n=10) em comparação ao grupo submetido ao TC [DM-TC: 29,0 (23,8-33,0); C-TC: 32,0 (29,5-37,0), ambos n=10) (p<0,001). A frequência cardíaca (bpm) foi mais baixa no grupo DM em comparação aos controles (p<0,001) tanto in vivo (DM-HIIT: 348±51, C-HIIT:441±66, DM-TC:361±70, C-TC:437±38) como nos corações isolados. Não houve diferenças na VFC entre os grupos. Os valores máximos e mínimos de dP/dt foram reduzidos no DM, com exceção da +dP/dt no grupo DM-HIIT vs. C-HIIT (diferença média: 595,5±250,3, p=0,190). Conclusão O HIIT de curto prazo promoveu melhora superior no desempenho no exercício em comparação ao TC, sem causar mudanças significativas na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca.

Abstract Background High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been suggested as an alternative for continuous training (CT) in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) due to its short duration and potential to improve adherence to exercise. However, data on its impact on heart rate variability (HRV) are scarce. Objectives To assess and compare the effects of HIIT and CT on exercise capacity, HRV and isolated hearts in diabetic rats. Methods DM (intravenous streptozotocin, 45 mg.kg -1 ) and control (C) animals performed 20 sessions (5 days/week, 50 min, for 4 weeks) of CT on a treadmill (70% of maximal exercise capacity) or HIIT (cycles of 1:1min at 50% and 90% of maximal exercise capacity). HRV was assessed by continuous electrocardiogram, and cardiac function assessed in isolated perfused hearts. For data analysis, we used the framework of the multivariate covariance generalized linear model or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test, considering p<0.05 as significant. Results Higher exercise capacity (m/min) was achieved in HIIT (DM-HIIT: 36.5 [IQR 30.0-41.3]; C-HIIT: 41.5 [37.8-44.5], both n=10) compared to CT (DM-CT: 29.0 [23.8-33.0]; C-CT: 32.0 [29.5-37.0], both n=10) (p<0.001). Heart rate (bpm) was lower in DM compared to controls (p<0.001) both in vivo (DM-HIIT:348±51, C-HIIT:441±66, DM-CT:361±70, C-CT:437±38) and in isolated hearts. There were no differences in HRV between the groups. Maximum and minimal dP/dt were reduced in DM, except +dP/dt in DM-HIIT vs. C-HIIT (mean difference: 595.5±250.3, p=0.190). Conclusion Short-term HIIT promotes greater improvement in exercise performance compared to CT, including in DM, without causing significant changes in HRV.

Thirty-day experimental diabetes impairs contractility and increases fatigue resistance in rat diaphragm muscle associated with increased anti-oxidative activity.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that can generate tissue damage through several pathways. Alteration and dysfunction of skeletal muscle are reported including respiratory muscles, which may compromise respiratory parameters in diabetic patients. We have aimed to evaluate the diaphragm muscle contractility, tissue remodeling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters from 30 day streptozotocin-treated rats. The diaphragm contractility was assessed using isolated muscle, tissue remodeling using histology and zymography techniques, and tissue oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters by enzyme activity assay. Our data revealed in the diabetes mellitus group an increase in maximum tetanic force (4.82 ± 0.13 versus 4.24 ± 0.18 N/cm2 (p = 0.015)) and fatigue resistance (139.16 ± 10.78 versus 62.25 ± 4.45 s (p < 0.001)), reduction of 35.4% in muscle trophism (p < 0.001), increase of 32.6% of collagen deposition (p = 0.007), reduction of 21.3% in N-acetylglucosaminidase activity (p < 0.001), and increase of 246.7% of catalase activity (p = 0.002) without changes in reactive oxygen species (p = 0.518) and tissue lipid peroxidation (p = 0.664). All observed changes are attributed to the poor glycemic control (471.20 ± 16.91 versus 80.00 ± 3.42 mg/dL (p < 0.001)), which caused defective tissue regeneration and increased catalase activity as a compensatory mechanism.

Shark liver oil consumption decreases contractility in EDL muscle of trained rats / O consumo de óleo de fígado de tubarão reduz a contratilidade do músculo EDL em ratos treinados / El consumo de aceite de hígado de tiburón reduce la contractilidad del músculo EDL en ratones entrenados

Abstract Introduction: Professional and recreational athletes make daily use of nutritional supplements to improve physical performance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been used in this sense. N-3 PUFA, particularly eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids are involved in important physiological functions and the benefits of supplementation are demonstrated in several types of users. Shark liver oil (SLO) is a natural source of n-3 PUFA. Objective: To evaluate the effect of supplementation with SLO on contractility of skeletal muscles with different metabolic characteristics, soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) from rats submitted to eight weeks of interval training of progressive intensity on a motorized treadmill. In the supplemented group, animals were supplemented with SLO (1 g/kg) five times a week for eight weeks. Method: Contractile parameters as maximum isometric twitch force (Tmax), maximum speed of force development (+dF/dt), maximum speed of force decrease (-dF/dt), maximum tetanic force (Fmax) and resistance to fatigue were analyzed in isolated muscle. Results: Compared to the control group, EDL muscles from the supplemented group reduced Tmax at the first (10.82 ± 0.89 vs 14.30 ± 0.67 mN/mm2. p < 0.01) and second minutes of experimentation (9.85 ± 0.63 vs 13.12 ± 0.70 mN/mm2. p < 0.01). However, it increased resistance to fatigue (22.80 ± 0.97 vs 18.60 ± 0.51 seconds. p = 0.005). Conclusion: No difference was observed in the soleus muscle.

Resumo Introdução: Atletas profissionais e recreativos utilizam suplementos nutricionais diariamente para melhorar a performance física. Os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFA) têm sido usados nesse sentido. Os n-3 PUFA, particularmente os ácidos eicosapentaenoicos (EPA) e docosaexaenoico (DHA), são relacionados com importantes funções fisiológicas e os benefícios da suplementação são demonstrados em diversas populações. O óleo de fígado de tubarão (OFT) é fonte natural de n-3 PUFA. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação com OFT na contratilidade de músculos esqueléticos com diferentes características metabólicas, sóleo e extensor longo de dedos (EDL) de ratos submetidos a oito semanas de treinamento intervalado de intensidade progressiva em esteira motorizada. No grupo suplementado, os animais foram suplementados com OFT (1 g/kg) cinco vezes por semana por oito semanas. Método: Parâmetros contráteis como produção de força isométrica máxima (Tmax), velocidade máxima de contração (+dF/dt), velocidade máxima de relaxamento (-dF/dt), força tetânica máxima (Fmax) e resistência à fadiga foram analisados em músculos isolados. Resultados: Comparados ao grupo controle, os músculos EDL dos animais do grupo suplementado reduziram Tmax no primeiro (10.82 ± 0.89 vs 14.30 ± 0.67 mN/mm2. p < 0.01) e no segundo minutos de experimentação (9.85 ± 0.63 vs 13.12 ± 0.70 mN/mm2. p < 0.01), entretanto, aumentaram a resistência à fadiga (22.80 ± 0.97 vs 18.60 ± 0.51 segundos. p = 0.005). Conclusão: Nenhuma diferença foi observada no músculo sóleo.

Resumen Introducción: Los atletas profesionales y recreativos utilizan suplementos nutricionales diariamente para mejorar el rendimiento físico. Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA) se han utilizado en este sentido. Los n-3 PUFA, particularmente los ácidos eicosapentaenoicos (EPA) y el docosaexáenoico (DHA), se relacionan con importantes funciones fisiológicas y los beneficios de la suplementación se demuestran en diversas poblaciones. El aceite de hígado de tiburón (AHT) es fuente natural de n-3 PUFA. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con AHT en la contractilidad de músculos esqueléticos con diferentes características metabólicas, sololeo y extensor largo de dedos (EDL) de ratas sometidas a ocho semanas de entrenamiento intervalado de intensidad progresiva en estera motorizada. En el grupo suplementario, los animales fueron suplementados con AHT (1 g/kg) cinco veces por semana durante ocho semanas. Método: Parámetros contráctiles como producción de fuerza isométrica máxima (Tmax), velocidad máxima de contracción (+dF/dt), velocidad máxima de relajación (-dF/dt), fuerza tetánica máxima (Fmax) y resistencia a la fatiga se analizaron en músculos aislados. Resultados: En comparación con el grupo control, los músculos EDL de los animales del grupo suplementado redujeron Tmax en el primer (10.82 ± 0.89 vs 14.30 ± 0.67 mN/mm2. p < 0.01) y en el segundo minuto de experimentación (9.85 ± 0.63 vs 13.12 ± 0.70 mN/mm2. p < 0.01), sin embargo, aumentaron la resistencia a la fatiga (22.80 ± 0.97 vs 18.60 ± 0.51 segundos. p = 0.005). Conclusión: No se observó ninguna diferencia en el músculo sóleo.

Prevalência de doença arterial periférica e fatores de risco associado em uma população rural brasileira: estudo Corações de Baependi / Prevalence of peripheral artery disease and associated risk factors in a brazilian rural population: the Baependi heart study

A identificação da doença arterial periférica (DAP) pode atenuar a progressão e suas complicações adicionais, uma vez que a DAP é um fator de risco para mortalidade geral e cardiovascular. Avaliar a prevalência de DAP na população do Estudo Corações de Baependi e investigar fatores de risco associados em diferentes grupos etários. Foram selecionados 1.627 indivíduos (ambos os sexos e idade entre 18 e 102 anos) residentes no município de Baependi (Minas Gerais, Brasil). Os parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos foram avaliados por meio de protocolos padrões. O nível de atividade física foi determinado pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física - Versão Curta (IPAQ-SF). A triagem da DAP foi realizada pelo índice tornozelo-braço (ITB). O nível de significância estatística adotado nas análises foi de 5%. Na população total, a prevalência de DAP foi de 1,05% e atingiu 5,2% após os 70 anos de idade. A frequência e intensidade do tabagismo foram maiores nos indivíduos com DAP. Uma história prévia de infarto do miocárdio e maior prevalência de hipertensão, diabetes, obesidade e sedentarismo também estiveram associados à DAP. Além disso, a DAP foi mais frequente em negros que em brancos. Após análise multivariada, a idade, diabetes, tabagismo e inatividade física permaneceram independentemente associados à DAP. A prevalência de DAP foi baixa e claramente aumentou com a idade em nossa amostra de uma população rural brasileira. Além disso, os principais fatores de risco para DAP foram tabagismo, sedentarismo, diabetes e idade

The identification of peripheral artery disease (PAD) can help prevent further progression of the disease and additional complications, considering that this condition is a risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death. To assess the prevalence of PAD in the Baependi Heart Study and investigate associated risk factors in different age groups. A total of 1,627 individuals (of both genders and aged 18 - 102 years) residing in the municipality of Baependi (Minas Gerais, Brazil) were selected for this study. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated by standard techniques. Physical activity level was determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF). The screening of PAD was performed by determination of the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. In the overall sample, the prevalence of PAD was 1.05%, and reached 5.2% after the age of 70 years. The frequency and intensity of smoking were higher in individuals with PAD. A prior history of myocardial infarction and a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle were also associated with PAD. In addition, PAD was more frequent in blacks than whites. In multivariable analysis, age, diabetes, smoking, and physical inactivity remained independently associated with PAD. The prevalence of PAD was low and increased clearly with age in our sample from a Brazilian rural population. Furthermore, the main risk factors for PAD in the investigated sample were smoking, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes mellitus, and age

Association between anthropometric indicators of adiposity and hypertension in a Brazilian population: Baependi Heart Study.

BACKGROUND: Recently, some studies have evaluated the role of adiposity measures in the prediction of hypertension risk, but the results are conflicting. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare which of the four indicators of adiposity (waist circumference-WC, body mass index-BMI, body adiposity index-BAI, and visceral adiposity index-VAI) were better associated with hypertension in a Brazilian population. METHODS AND FINDINGS: For this study, were selected 1627 individuals (both genders, and aged over 18 years) resident in the municipality of Baependi, a city located in the Southeast of Brazil. WC, BMI, BAI and VAI were determined according to a standard protocol. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or antihypertensive drug use. The indicators of adiposity WC, BMI, BAI, and VAI were higher in hypertensive when compared to non-hypertensive individuals. In addition, WC and BMI were most strongly associated with hypertension in men and women, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of WC was significantly higher than VAI in men. In women, both AUC of BMI and WC showed higher discriminatory power to predict hypertension than BAI and VAI. CONCLUSIONS: The indicators of adiposity WC and BMI were better associated with hypertension than BAI and VAI, in both genders, and it could be a useful tools for the screening of hypertensive patients.

Reference values for the bilateral heel-rise test.

BACKGROUND: The bilateral heel-rise test is an instrument that evaluates the performance of the triceps surae. Normative parameters need to be established for the use of the heel-rise test in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To determine the reference values for the bilateral heel-rise test. METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed healthy subjects using the bilateral heel-rise test. We analyzed the number of repetitions, time (in seconds), and repetition rate (repetitions/second) during execution of the heel-rise test, until the point of voluntary fatigue. The estimates were stratified by age and gender. Multiple linear regression was performed to define the reference equation for the bilateral heel-rise test. RESULTS: A total of 147 individuals were included. The median age was 37 years (IQR 28-46). It was observed that the number of repetitions decreases with age, with a higher number of repetitions in male participants compared to female participants. Gender, body mass index, and maximum activity scores predict 14% of the number of plantar flexions performed in the bilateral heel-rise test. Age and adjusted activity scores predict 18% of the repetition rate in the bilateral heel-rise test. CONCLUSION: The bilateral heel-rise test reference values for an adult population were defined as scores above the 25th percentile for number of repetitions, time, and repetition rate. The number of heel-rise test repetitions that corresponds to the 25th percentile, according to age and gender, is as follows: age 20-29, 65 repetitions for men and 45.5 for women; age 30-39, 62.75 men and 41.5 women; age 40-49, 67.25 men and 45 women; and age 50-59, 54 men and 39.25 women.

Noninvasive assessment of respiratory muscle strength and activity in Myotonic dystrophy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sensitivity/specificity of the maximum relaxation rate (MRR) of inspiratory muscles, amplitude of electromyographic activity of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), scalene (SCA), parasternal (2ndIS) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles; lung function and respiratory muscle strength in subjects with Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) compared with healthy subjects. DESIGN AND METHODS: Quasi-experimental observational study with control group. MRR of inspiratory muscles, lung function and amplitude of the electromyographic activity of SCM, SCA, 2ndIS and RA muscles during maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax) and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) tests were assessed in eighteen DM1 subjects and eleven healthy. RESULTS: MRR was lower in DM1 group compared to healthy (P = 0.001) and was considered sensitive and specific to identify disease in DM1 and discard it in controls, as well as SNIP% (P = 0.0026), PImax% (P = 0.0077) and PEmax% (P = 0.0002). Contraction time of SCM and SCA was higher in DM1 compared to controls, respectively, during PImax (P = 0.023 and P = 0.017) and SNIP (P = 0.015 and P = .0004). The DM1 group showed lower PImax (P = .0006), PEmax (P = 0.0002), SNIP (P = 0.0014), and higher electromyographic activity of the SCM (P = 0.002) and SCA (P = 0.004) at rest; of 2ndIS (P = 0.003) during PEmax and of SCM (P = 0.02) and SCA (P = 0.03) during SNIP test. CONCLUSIONS: MD1 subjects presented restrictive pattern, reduced respiratory muscle strength, muscular electrical activity and MRR when compared to higher compared to controls. In addition, the lower MRR found in MD1 subjects showed to be reliable to sensitivity and specificity in identifying the delayed relaxation of respiratory muscles.

Increase in perceived stress is correlated to lower heart rate variability in healthy young subjects / Aumento no estresse percebido correlaciona-se com diminuição da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em indivíduos jovens saudáveis

Emotional stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is associated to increased mortality rates in certain heart diseases. Current study assessed the co-relation between perceived stress and HRV parameters. The correlation between psychological stress, measured by the perceived stress scale (PSS-14), and HRV parameters obtained during 5 min. at rest was evaluated. Data from 35 healthy young volunteers demonstrated a significant correlation between PSS-14 scores and Low Frequency-LF (ms2) by frequency domain HRV analysis. Other variables such as High Frequency and Standard Deviation of R-R intervals had also negative coefficients but did not have any significant correlation with PSS-14. No correlation between PSS-14 and sympathovagal balance parameters was found. Data interpretation demonstrated that increase in perceived stress was correlated to decrease in heart rate variability, which may point out an important mechanism in cardiovascular pathophysiology that should be further investigated.

O estresse emocional é um fator de risco para doença cardiovascular. A diminuição da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC) está associada ao aumento da mortalidade em algumas doenças cardíacas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a correlação entre o estresse percebido e os parâmetros da VFC. Dessa maneira, avaliou-se a correlação existente entre o estresse psicológico mensurado através da escala de estresse percebido (PSS -14) e parâmetros de VFC obtidos durante 5 min. ao repouso. Dados de 35 voluntários jovens e saudáveis demonstraram uma correlação significativa do PSS-14 com os valores de baixa freqüência- LF (ms²) na análise da VFC no domínio frequência. Outras variáveis, tais como alta freqüência e desvio padrão dos intervalos RR, também tiveram coeficientes negativos, mas não se correlacionaram com a PSS-14. Nenhuma correlação entre o PSS-14 e os parâmetros do balanço simpato-vagal foi encontrada. Portanto, a interpretação dos dados demonstra que o aumento no estresse percebido se correlacionou com a diminuição da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, o que pode ser indicativo de um mecanismo importante na fisiopatologia cardiovascular que deve ser melhor investigado.

Identification of peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients and its association with quality of life, physical activity and body composition / Identificação de doença arterial obstrutiva periférica e sua associação com a qualidade de vida, a atividade física e a composição corporal em pacientes diabéticos

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Neither the prevalence of PAD in type 2 (T2) DM nor its detrimental effects on quality of life (QoL) or physical activity (PA) have been well described in the Brazilian population. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of newly diagnosed PAD and its associations with QoL, PA and body composition in a sample of T2DM patients from a University Hospital. METHODS: Seventy-three (73) T2DM patients without previous diagnoses of major complications related to T2DM were enrolled. PAD was assessed using the ankle-brachial index (ABI); QoL was measured using a translated and validated SF-36 questionnaire; PA was measured using a modified Baecke questionnaire; and body composition was measured by segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS: PAD prevalence was 13.7%, predominantly of mild severity (ABI between 0.8-0.9). The ABI results correlated with age (ρ=-0.26, P=0.03), DM duration (ρ=-0.28, P=0.02) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (ρ=-0.33, P=0.007 and ρ=-0.28, P=0.02; respectively). Scores for the SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) were below the normal range, but no negative impact from PAD was identified by the PCS scores (normal-ABI 42.9±11.2 vs. PAD-ABI 38.12±11.07) or the Baecke PA results. Body composition analysis detected excessive body fat, especially in women, but there was no difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of previously undiagnosed PAD in this population of T2DM patients was 13.7%, predominantly mild and asymptomatic forms, and was not yet associated with worsened QoL, PA levels or body composition variables...

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é fator de risco para a doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP). A prevalência de DAOP no DM tipo 2 (T2) e o prejuízo adicional causado por esta na qualidade de vida (QoL) e na atividade física (AF) não são bem descritos na população brasileira. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência e a associação da DAOP recém-diagnosticada com a QoL, a AF e a composição corporal em pacientes T2DM provenientes de um hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Setenta e três pacientes T2DM, sem complicações maiores relacionadas ao T2DM, foram incluídos. A DAOP foi avaliada pelo índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB); a QoL, pelo questionário traduzido e validado SF-36, e a AF, pelo questionário modificado de Baecke. A composição corporal foi avaliada pela impedância bioelétrica segmentar multifrequencial. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de DAOP foi 13,7%, predominantemente de severidade leve (ITB entre 0,8-0,9). O ITB correlacionou-se com a idade (ρ= -0,26; P= 0,03), a duração do DM (ρ=-0,28; P=0,02) e a pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (ρ= -0,33; P= 0,007 e ρ= -0,28; P= 0,02; respectivamente). O sumário de saúde física (PCS) do questionário SF-36 estava abaixo da variação normal; contudo, nenhum impacto negativo da DAOP foi identificado no PCS (ABI normal = 42,9±11,2 vs. ABI-DAOP = 38,12±11,07) ou no nível de AF. A análise da composição corporal demonstrou gordura corporal excessiva, especialmente em mulheres; contudo, sem diferenças entre grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de DAOP sem diagnóstico prévio nesta amostra de pacientes T2DM foi de 13,7%, predominantemente assintomática e leve, e ainda não associada com piores índices de QoL, nível de AF e composição corporal...

Higiene: maneira simples de prevenir doenças / Hygiene: a simple manner to prevent diseases

Iniciamos nossas atividades no PEEPIN identificando, através dos prontuários, as principais doenças dos usuários da Unidade Básica de Saúde do Parque das Indústrias. Obtidos os dados, optamos por desenvolver um trabalho que visava à orientaçäo da populaçäo a respeito da necessidade de higiene pessoal. Para isso estudamos várias doenças que podem estar relacionadas à falta de higiene pessoal, como escabiose, pediculose e diarréia. Foram aplicados questionários em várias residências e nas escolas para confirmar os dados colhidos na UBS. os questionários revelaram a falta de certos hábitos de higiene entre os moradores, o que se torna ainda mais grave devido à falta de rede de esgotos na regiäo