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1.
J Parasitol Res ; 2024: 3771926, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38774541

RESUMEN

Comorbidities that involve infectious and noninfectious diseases, such as malaria and cancer, have been described. Cancer and malaria induce changes in the nociceptive and inflammatory responses through similar pathophysiological mechanisms. However, it is unclear whether malaria and antimalarial treatment can change the inflammatory and nociceptive responses induced by solid cancer. Therefore, the present study experimentally evaluated the effect of infection by Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA and chloroquine treatment on the nociceptive and inflammatory responses induced by the solid Ehrlich tumor in male BALB/c mice. On the 1st experimental day, mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei and injected with tumor cells in the left hind paw. From the 7th to the 9th experimental day, mice were treated daily with chloroquine. The parasitemia was evaluated on the 7th and 10th days after infection. On the 11th experimental day, mice were evaluated on the von Frey filament test, the hot plate test, and the paw volume test. At the end of the experimental tests on the 11th day, the peripheral blood of all mice was collected for dosing of IL-1ß and TNF-α. The blood parasitemia significantly increased from the 7th to the 10th day. The chloroquine treatment significantly decreased the parasitemia on the 10th day. The presence of the tumor did not significantly change the parasitemia on the 7th and 10th days in mice treated and nontreated with chloroquine. On the 11th day, the mechanical and thermal nociceptive responses significantly increased in mice with tumors. The treatment with antimalarial significantly reduced the mechanical nociceptive response induced by tumors. The hyperalgesia induced by tumors did not change with malaria. The mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by the tumor was significantly reduced in mice treated and healed from malaria. On the 11th day, the volume of the paw injected by the tumor was significantly increased. The mice treated with chloroquine, infected with malaria, or healed of malaria showed reduced paw edema induced by the tumor. Mice with tumors did not show a change in IL-ß and TNF-α serum levels. Mice with tumors showed a significant increase in serum levels of IL-1ß but not TNF-α when treated with chloroquine, infected with malaria, or healed of malaria. In conclusion, the results show that malaria infection and chloroquine treatment can influence, in synergic form, the nociceptive and inflammatory responses induced by the solid tumor. Moreover, the mechanical antinociception, the thermal hyperalgesia, and the antiedema effect observed in mice treated with chloroquine and healed from malaria can be related to the increase in the serum level of IL-1ß.

2.
Exp Parasitol ; 251: 108570, 2023 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37330106

RESUMEN

Aedes aegypti are vector insects of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. All available vector control methods have limited efficacy, highlighting the urgent need to find alternative ones. Evidence shows that arachnids like ticks are sources of biologically active compounds. Moreover, chemical modulation of the locomotor and immune systems of vector insects can be used to control arbovirus transmission. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of crude saliva of female Amblyomma cajennense sensu stricto (s.s.) ticks in reducing locomotor activity and inducing an immune response in Ae. aegypti females. Additionally, the study evaluated the protein constitution of tick saliva. For this purpose, the crude saliva obtained from several semi-engorged A. cajennense females was used. A volume of 0.2 nL of crude tick saliva was administered to mosquitoes by direct intrathoracic microinjection. The effect of the tick's saliva on the locomotor activity of the mosquito was observed using Flybox, a video-automated monitoring system, and the hemolymph hemocyte levels were quantified by reading slides under a light microscope. The protein concentration of the crude tick saliva was 1.27 µg/µL, and its electrophoretic profile indicates the presence of proteins with a molecular weight ranging between ∼17 and 95 kDa. Microplusins, ixodegrins, cystatin, actins, beta-actin, calponin, albumin, alpha-globulins, and hemoglobin were the main proteins identified by proteomics in the saliva of A. cajennense. The microinjected saliva had low toxicity for Ae. aegypti females and significantly reduced their locomotor activity, especially in the transition between the light and dark phases. The crude tick saliva did not change the period and rhythmicity of the circadian cycle. The tick saliva significantly increased the number of hemocytes two days after injection and reduced it after five days. These results suggest that further evaluation of the biological properties of tick saliva proteins against Ae. aegypti would be of interest.


Asunto(s)
Aedes , Ixodidae , Infección por el Virus Zika , Virus Zika , Animales , Femenino , Saliva , Amblyomma , Hemocitos , Mosquitos Vectores , Locomoción , Virus Zika/fisiología
3.
Brain Res Bull ; 124: 103-15, 2016 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27063286

RESUMEN

The abnormal firing of damaged primary afferents and the changes in the central nervous system (CNS) play important role in the initiation and maintenance phases of neuropathic pain. These phases of neuropathic pain involve changes in the GABAergic control of descending pathways that travel through the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF). The present study shows that unilateral DLF lesion increased the antiallodynic effect of muscimol (0.2µg/5µL) (a GABAA receptor agonist) in the initiation, but not maintenance phase of the mechanical allodynia induced by a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) of the ipsilateral hindpaw of rats. The unilateral DLF lesion increased the antiallodynic effect of baclofen (0.8µg/5µL) (a GABAB receptor agonist) in the initiation phase and reduced your effect in the maintenance phase of the mechanical allodynia induced by a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) of the ipsilateral paw of rats. The unilateral DLF lesion significantly reduced the proallodynic effect of an intrathecal injection of phaclofen (30µg/5µL) (a GABAB receptor antagonist), but not bicuculline (0.3µg/5µL) (a GABAA receptor antagonist). The effect of DLF lesion on the proallodynic effect of phaclofen was observed in the maintenance, but not in the initiation phase of the mechanical allodynia induced by SNL. We than conclude that the spinal GABAergic neurotransmission is negatively modulated by DLF using GABAA and GABAB receptors, in the initiation phase of mechanical allodynia induced by SNL. In addition, the integrity of DLF is necessary for the effectiveness of GABAergic transmission that occurs via spinal GABAB, but not GABAA receptors, in the maintenance phase of mechanical allodynia induced by SNL.


Asunto(s)
Baclofeno/análogos & derivados , GABAérgicos/administración & dosificación , Muscimol/administración & dosificación , Neuralgia , Asta Dorsal de la Médula Espinal/patología , Nervios Espinales/lesiones , Animales , Baclofeno/administración & dosificación , Bicuculina/administración & dosificación , Lateralidad Funcional , Hiperalgesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperalgesia/etiología , Inyecciones Espinales , Ligadura/efectos adversos , Masculino , Neuralgia/complicaciones , Neuralgia/tratamiento farmacológico , Neuralgia/etiología , Dimensión del Dolor , Umbral del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Estimulación Física , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Asta Dorsal de la Médula Espinal/efectos de los fármacos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas
4.
Life Sci ; 91(17-18): 837-42, 2012 Oct 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22982419

RESUMEN

AIM: This study evaluates the contribution of inhibitory pain pathways that descend to the spinal cord through the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) on the effect of intrathecal gabapentin against spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced behavioral hypersensitivity to mechanical stimulation in rats. MAIN METHOD: Rats were submitted to a sham or complete ligation of the right L5 and L6 spinal nerves and a sham or complete DLF lesion. Next, the changes induced by intrathecal administration of gabapentin on the paw withdrawal threshold of rats to mechanical stimulation were evaluated electronically. KEY FINDINGS: Intrathecal gabapentin (200µg/5µl) that was injected 2 or 7days after surgery fully inhibited the SNL-induced behavioral hypersensitivity to mechanical stimulation in sham DLF-lesioned rats; gabapentin was effective against the SNL-induced behavioral hypersensitivity to mechanical stimulation also in DLF-lesioned rats. SIGNIFICANCE: The effect of intrathecally administered gabapentin against SNL-induced behavioral hypersensitivity to mechanical stimulation in rats does not depend on the activation of nerve fibers that descend to the spinal cord via the DLF.


Asunto(s)
Aminas/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Ciclohexanocarboxílicos/uso terapéutico , Neuralgia/tratamiento farmacológico , Umbral del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Nervios Espinales/patología , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/uso terapéutico , Aminas/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Ácidos Ciclohexanocarboxílicos/administración & dosificación , Gabapentina , Inyecciones Espinales , Masculino , Neuralgia/patología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Médula Espinal/efectos de los fármacos , Médula Espinal/patología , Nervios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/administración & dosificación
5.
J Pain ; 12(5): 523-30, 2011 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21167794

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: The electrical stimulation of the occipital (OC) or retrosplenial (RSC) cortex produces antinociception in the rat tail-flick test. These cortices send inputs to the anterior pretectal nucleus (APtN) which is implicated in antinociception and nociception. At least muscarinic cholinergic, opioid, and serotonergic mechanisms in the APtN are involved in stimulation-produced antinociception (SPA) from the nucleus. In this study, the injection of 2% lidocaine (.25 µL) or methysergide (40 and 80 ng/.25 µL) into the APtN reduced the duration but did not change the intensity of SPA from the OC, whereas both duration and intensity of SPA from the RSC were significantly reduced in rats treated with lidocaine or naloxone (10 and 50 ng/.25 µL), injected into the APtN. Naloxone or methysegide injected into the APtN was ineffective against SPA from the OC or RSC, respectively. Atropine (100 ng/.25 µL) injected into the APtN was ineffective against SPA from either the OC or RSC. We conclude that the APtN acts as an intermediary for separate descending pain inhibitory pathways activated from the OC and RSC, utilizing at least serotonin and endogenous opioid as mediators in the nucleus. PERSPECTIVE: Stimulation-induced antinociception from the retrosplenial or occipital cortex in the rat tail-flick test depends on the activation of separate descending pain inhibitory pathways that utilize the APtN as a relay station.


Asunto(s)
Analgesia/métodos , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Péptidos Opioides/metabolismo , Manejo del Dolor , Serotonina/metabolismo , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Atropina/farmacología , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Estimulación Eléctrica , Masculino , Metisergida/farmacología , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/farmacología , Naloxona/farmacología , Antagonistas de Narcóticos/farmacología , Dimensión del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Antagonistas de la Serotonina/farmacología
6.
J Pain ; 11(10): 1015-26, 2010 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20418174

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: A role for the occipital or retrosplenial cortex in nociceptive processing has not been demonstrated yet, but connections from these cortices to brain structures involved in descending pain-inhibitory mechanisms were already demonstrated. This study demonstrated that the electrical stimulation of the occipital or retrosplenial cortex produces antinociception in the rat tail-flick and formalin tests. Bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral funiculus abolished the effect of cortical stimulation in the tail-flick test. Injection of glutamate into the same targets was also antinociceptive in the tail-flick test. No rats stimulated in the occipital or retrosplenial cortex showed any change in motor performance on the Rota-rod test, or had epileptiform changes in the EEG recording during or up to 3 hours after stimulation. The antinociception induced by occipital cortex stimulation persisted after neural block of the retrosplenial cortex. The effect of retrosplenial cortex stimulation also persisted after neural block of the occipital cortex. We conclude that stimulation of the occipital or retrosplenial cortex in rats leads to antinociception activating distinct descending pain-inhibitory mechanisms, and this is unlikely to result from a reduced motor performance or a postictal phenomenon. PERSPECTIVE: This study presents evidence that stimulation of the retrosplenial or occipital cortex produces antinociception in rat models of acute pain. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of the cerebral cortex in control of pain.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/administración & dosificación , Terapia por Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Lóbulo Occipital/fisiología , Dolor/diagnóstico , Animales , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Etanol/análogos & derivados , Ácido Glutámico/farmacología , Giro del Cíngulo/efectos de los fármacos , Giro del Cíngulo/fisiología , Masculino , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Inhibición Neural/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibición Neural/fisiología , Vías Nerviosas/efectos de los fármacos , Vías Nerviosas/fisiología , Lóbulo Occipital/efectos de los fármacos , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Umbral del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Umbral del Dolor/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
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