A comprehensive resilience assessment of Mexican tree species and their relationship with drought events over the last century.

The resilience of forests to drought events has become a major natural resource sustainability concern, especially in response to climate change. Yet, little is known about the legacy effects of repeated droughts, and tree species ability to respond across environmental gradients. In this study, we used a tree-ring database (121 sites) to evaluate the overall resilience of tree species to drought events in the last century. We investigated how climate and geography affected the response at the species level. We evaluated temporal trends of resilience using a predictive mixed linear modeling approach. We found that pointer years (e.g., tree growth reduction) occurred during 11.3% of the 20th century, with an average decrease in tree growth of 66% compared to the previous period. The occurrence of pointer years was associated with negative values of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI, 81.6%) and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI, 77.3%). Tree species differed in their resilience capacity, however, species inhabiting xeric conditions were less resistant but with higher recovery rates (e.g., Abies concolor, Pinus lambertiana, and Pinus jeffreyi). On average, tree species needed 2.7 years to recover from drought events, with extreme cases requiring more than a decade to reach pre-drought tree growth rates. The main abiotic factor related to resilience was precipitation, confirming that some tree species are better adapted to resist the effects of droughts. We found a temporal variation for all tree resilience indices (scaled to 100), with a decreasing resistance (-0.56 by decade) and resilience (-0.22 by decade), but with a higher recovery (+1.72 by decade) and relative resilience rate (+0.33 by decade). Our results emphasize the importance of time series of forest resilience, particularly by distinguishing the species-level response in the context of legacy of droughts, which are likely to become more frequent and intense under a changing climate.

Use of audiovisual devices in transnasal endoscopy without sedation to improve tolerance. A prospective clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Transnasal endoscopy (TNE) has proven its diagnostic utility, but it has not been widely accepted given that it is performed without sedation. There are no previous studies on the use of methods to improve its tolerability. Our aim was to evaluate the tolerability of TNE, when simultaneously performed with an audiovisual device as a distractor. METHODS: We evaluated 50 patients, 10 of whom did not agree to participate. The performance of the procedure was explained, using an audiovisual device. Before randomization, we applied anxiety and depression scores. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (using an audiovisual device during the procedure) and Group II (without a device). Anxiety and numeric pain rating scales were used, and vital signs were monitored and recorded before, during, and after the endoscopy. An overall procedure satisfaction score was applied at the end of the study and 24 h later. RESULTS: Mean age was 41.6 years and 35 of the patients were women (87.5%). The most frequent indication for TNE was refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease. There were no severe comorbidities, and none of the patients had a significant anxiety or depression score. One patient in Group II did not tolerate TNE due to nasal pain. There was no statistically significant difference between groups, regarding anxiety, pain, vital signs, and satisfaction scale. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that TNE was well tolerated and had a high acceptance rate in our patients. The use of distracting audiovisual devices did not increase tolerance to the endoscopic procedure.

La Ciencia versus la desinformación de las noticias falsas o "Fake News" / A Ciência versus desinformação de notícias falsas ou "Fake News" / Science versus misinformation from fake news

Cuidar de la salud durante la infancia y adolescencia es el objetivo principal de la Odontopediatría, teniendo siempre como principio una visión integral del individuo. Esta meta tiene un apoyo importante en la difusión del conocimiento, que sea de fácil acceso para las familias y para los niños. ALOP ha participado activamente en este esfuerzo de difusión de información científica de calidad, a través de las publicaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible, trabajada por el grupo de expertos del Equipo Interdisciplinado ALOP. Esto no sólo para la comunidad científica, sino también para el público general en lenguaje simple y acceso abierto. Por supuesto, muchas personas contribuyeron a estos esfuerzos. Agradecemos a todos nuestros colaboradores y a nuestra legión de revisores de todo el mundo que fueron actores importantes para brindar evidencia en tiempo real a los colegas de odontología pediátrica. Con esta comunicación efectiva y el amplio compromiso entre investigadores y profesionales de la salud, estamos unidos para generar confianza entre las personas en las fuentes y servicios de información de salud. Esperamos seguir contando con el trabajo desinteresado y compromiso de todos los investigadores y de todos los lectores, en la difusión de información con alto valor científico, contrarrestando la presncia de "fake news" y generando un impacto positivo en la salud de nuestros niños.

Cuidar da saúde na infância e adolescência é o principal objetivo da Odontopediatria, tendo sempre como princípio uma visão integral do indivíduo. Para esta meta é importante um apoio na disseminação do conhecimento, que seja de fácil acesso às famílias e crianças. A ALOP tem participado ativamente neste esforço de divulgação de informação científica de qualidade, através de publicações baseadas na melhor evidência disponível, trabalhada pelo grupo de especialistas da Equipe Interdisciplinar da ALOP. Isso não é apenas para a comunidade científica, mas também para o público em geral em linguagem simples e de acesso aberto. Claro, muitas pessoas contribuíram para esses esforços. Somos gratos a todos os nossos colaboradores e à nossa legião de revisores em todo o mundo, que têm sido participantes importantes em trazer evidências em tempo real para colegas odontopediatras. Com essa comunicação efetiva e amplo engajamento entre pesquisadores e profissionais de saúde, estamos unidos na construção da confiança entre as pessoas nas fontes e serviços de informação em saúde. Esperamos continuar a contar com o trabalho abnegado e empenho de todos os investigadores e de todos os leitores, na divulgação de informação de elevado valor científico, contrariando a presença de "fake news" e gerando um impacto positivo na saúde das nossas crianças.

The main objective of pediatric dentistry is to take care of children and adolescents' health, always based on a comprehensive vision of the individual. This goal is significantly supported by the dissemination of knowledge that is easily accessible to families and children. ALOP has actively participated in the dissemination of quality scientific information through publications based on the best available evidence, worked on by the interdisciplinary team of experts of ALOP. This is not only for the scientific community but also for the general public in simple language and open access. Of course, many people have contributed to these efforts. We thank all our collaborators and our legion of reviewers from around the world who were important actors in providing evidence in real-time to colleagues in pediatric dentistry. With this effective communication and broad commitment among researchers and health professionals, we are united in generating trust among people in health information sources and services. We hope to continue to count on the selfless work and commitment of all researchers and all readers in the dissemination of information with high scientific value, countering the presence of "fake news" and generating a positive impact on the health of our children.

Neumonías complicadas. ¿Un problema aún?

Introducción. La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad complicada (CCAP) se caracteriza por una enfermedad grave, hospitalización y un curso prolongado. Las complicaciones de la neumonía se produ­cen cuando la infección no se limita al parén­quima pulmonar, sino que se extiende a áreas vecinas, o cuando el desarrollo de la infección es más complejo que el habitual por diferentes motivos. Estas complicaciones pulmonares suponen solo el 1% al 3% de las mismas, pero este porcentaje aumenta a casi un 40% en caso de precisar ingreso hospi­talario, por lo que se considera una patología fundamentalmente hospitalaria. Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar las complicaciones de la neumonía bacteriana adquirida en la comunidad y describir sus características epidemiológicas, clínicas y etiológicas en el periodo de estudio.Material y método. Este es un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de las neumonías bacterianas complicadas y sus características en el Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel. Se realizó la búsqueda de los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes con diagnóstico de egreso de neumonía bacteriana adquirida en la comunidad complicada con derrame pleural, neumotórax, pioneumotórax, neumonía necrotizante y absceso pulmonar en el periodo del 1 de enero de 2015 al 31 de diciembre de 2020.Todos los expedientes médicos recuperados se analizaron para obtener información de las complicaciones de la neumonía bacteriana adquirida en la comunidad con relación a datos epidemiológicos, frecuencia, características, tratamiento y evolución clínica. Resultados. De acuerdo con los datos obtenidos de los boletines estadísticos del Hospital Del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel para el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2015 al 31 de diciembre de 2020 se encontraron 2519 neumonías bacterianas, correspondiendo al 30% de las neumonías. De las neumonías bacterianas, 277 casos de neumonía complicada cumplieron los criterios de inclusión representando un 11% de las neumonías bacterianas. La complicación más frecuente, en todos los grupos de edad, fue el derrame pleural paraneumónico con una frecuencia de 170 casos (61%). La edad promedio de los pacientes con neumonías complicadas fue de 51.7 meses (rango de 27 días a 164 meses) y el grupo de 1 ­ 4 años fue el más afectado presentando 118 (43%) casos de complicaciones. La duración promedio de hospitalización fue de 14.8 días con un rango de 9- 38 días. Los pacientes recibieron antibióticos endovenosos de amplio espectro siendo el tratamiento empírico inicial más utilizado ceftriaxona más clindamicina. La duración promedio del tratamiento con antibióticos fue de 12.7 días con un rango de 10 a 25 días y varió de acuerdo con el tipo de complicación. Se reportaron 68 cultivos positivos, 39 en muestras de líquido pleural y 29 en hemocultivos. Encontramos que el rendimiento de los cultivos bacterianos fue mayor en los cultivos de líquido pleural en comparación con los hemocultivos, 28% vs 10% respectivamente. Los patógenos más frecuentemente aislados fueron el Staphylococcus aureus en 34 (50 %) pacientes, el Streptococcus pneumoniae en 21 (31%) pacientes y el Haemophilus influenzae en 6 (9%) pacientes en los 68 cultivos positivos. Conclusiones. El grupo de 1 ­ 4 años es el más afectado presentando 118 (43%) casos de complicaciones. El derrame pleural es la complicación más frecuente de la neumonía bacteriana adquirida en la comunidad. Se reportaron 68 cultivos positivos y el rendimiento fue mayor en los cultivos de líquido pleural en comparación con los hemocultivos. Los patógenos más frecuentemente aislados fueron el Staphylococcus aureus y el Streptococcus pneumoniae. La mayoría de los pacientes se recuperaron a pesar de la importante morbilidad. (provisto por Infomedic International)

Introduction. Complicated community-acquired pneumonia (CCAP) is characterized by severe illness, hospitalization, and a long course. The complications of pneumonia occur when the infection is not limited to the lung parenchyma, but spreads to neighboring areas, or when the development of the infection is more complex than usual for different reasons. These pulmonary complications account for only 1% to 3% of them, but this percentage increases to almost 40% if hospital admission is required, which is why it is considered a fundamentally hospital pathology.   Objective. The purpose of this study was to analyze the complications of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and describe its epidemiological, clinical, and etiological characteristics in the study period. Material and method. This is a retrospective and descriptive study of complicated bacterial pneumonias and their characteristics at the Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel. A search was made of the clinical records of patients with a diagnosis of discharge from community-acquired bacterial pneumonia complicated by pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pioneumothorax, necrotizing pneumonia and lung abscess in the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. All medical records retrieved were analyzed to obtain information on the complications of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in relation to epidemiological data, frequency, characteristics, treatment, and clinical evolution. Results. According to the data obtained from the statistical bulletins of the Hospital Del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel for the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020, 2,519 bacterial pneumonias were found, corresponding to 30% of pneumonia. Of the bacterial pneumonias, 277 cases of complicated pneumonia met the inclusion criteria, representing 11% of the bacterial pneumonia. The most frequent complication, in all age groups, was parapneumonic pleural effusion with a frequency of 170 cases (61%). The average age of patients with complicated pneumonia was 51.7 months (range from 27 days to 164 months) and the 1-4-year-old group was the most affected, presenting 118 (43%) cases of complications. The average length of hospitalization was 14.8 days with a range of 9-38 days. Patients received broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics, the most widely used initial empirical treatment being ceftriaxone plus clindamycin. The average duration of antibiotic treatment was 12.7 days with a range of 10 to 25 days and varied according to the type of complication. 68 positive cultures were reported, 39 in pleural fluid samples and 29 in blood cultures. We found that the yield of bacterial cultures was higher in pleural fluid cultures compared to blood cultures, 28% vs 10% respectively. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus in 34 (50%) patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 21 (31%) patients, and Haemophilus influenzae in 6 (9%) patients in the 68 positive cultures. Conclusions. The 1­4-year-old group is the most affected, presenting 118 (43%) cases of complications. Pleural effusion is the most common complication of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. 68 positive cultures were reported positive, and the yield was higher in pleural fluid cultures compared to blood cultures. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Most of the patients recovered despite significant morbidity. (provided by Infomedic International)

[Translated article] Transcultural validation and adaptation of the Pedi-IKDC scale for the functional assessment of children that undergo knee surgery.

INTRODUCTION: In the last decades sports practice in children has increased, thus increasing the number of musculoskeletal injuries. There are no validated scales in Spanish for the functional evaluation of knee aspects in children. The validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Pedi-IKDC scale to Spanish, used for this purpose, was carried out. METHODOLOGY: The scale was applied to 50 patients that suffered traumatic knee injuries between 2016 and 2021 and underwent surgical interventions. The validation process of the scale was carried out after a pilot test, cross-cultural adaptation of words into Spanish, translation-retranslation, statistical, determination of internal consistency of the instrument, intraclass correlation, test-retest and evaluation of data dispersion. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the evaluated instrument is good according to the Gregory scale with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 The intraclass correlation was considered substantial (0.624) and the test-retest correlation, showed a coefficient of 0.91. The Bland-Altman graph showed a low dispersion among the data. CONCLUSION: The Pedi-IKDC scale can be a useful tool to assess functionality in children who have undergone knee surgery, it is considered valid, with adequate reliability and with the advantage of easy application.

Prevalencia de Dientamoeba fragilisy otros protozoários intestinales en porcinos de una granja en la región Andina de Colombia / Prevalence of Dientamoeba fragilis and other intestinal protozoa from a swine farm at the Andean region of Colombia

RESUMEN Dientamoeba fragilis es un protozoário que parasita el intestino grueso del hombre y animales domésticos. Hasta el momento, aún no son claros aspectos de su ciclo de vida, como el rango de hospedadores, reservorios, mecanismo de infección, entre otros. Se postula que el cerdo es un hospedador natural para este protozoario y que, debido a su cercanía con el humano, podría facilitar una transmisión zoonótica. En Colombia no existen a la fecha estudios sobre la presencia de D. fragilis en hospedadores animales, incluidos los cerdos, y los datos sobre la prevalencia de otros protozoarios intestinales en estos animales son escasos. El objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de protozoarios intestinales, incluyendo D. fragilis, en cerdos de una granja tecnificada de una zona rural de Medellín (región Andina de Colombia). Se recolectaron muestras de materia fecal de 70 cerdos en etapa de preceba, que fueron evaluadas mediante examen directo, tinción tricrómica y Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. Se realizaron análisis univariados con medidas de frecuencia relativa y tendencia central y análisis bivariados para la exploración de factores de riesgo. Se detectó la presencia de D. fragilis en un 13% de las muestras y de otros parásitos como Entamoeba spp. (66%), Blastocystis spp. (64%), Balantioides coli (36%), Cryptosporidium spp. (36%), Iodamoeba butschlii (17%), coccidias (4%) y Giardia spp. (1,4%). En este primer reporte de D. fragilis en cerdos en Colombia se observó la alta prevalencia de otros protozoarios patógenos, lo que corrobora el papel de los cerdos como importantes reservorios de infecciones humanas. Estudios sobre la presencia de este protozoario tanto en cerdos como en el personal encargado de su manejo contribuirían al conocimiento sobre su dinámica de transmisión.

ABSTRACT Dientamoeba fragilis is a protozoan that parasitizes the large intestine of humans and domestic animals. To date, some aspects regarding D. fragilis life cycle, including hosts, reservoirs, infection mechanism, among others, are not yet clear. Swine are considered natural hosts for this protozoan, therefore their close contact with humans promotes its zoonotic transmission. In Colombia there are no studies on the presence of D. fragilis in animal hosts, including pigs, and data about other intestinal protozoa are scarce. The objective was to determine the prevalence of intestinal protozoan, including D. fragilis, in pigs raised in a farm from a rural area of Medellin (Andean region of Colombia). Fecal samples from 70 pigs in prefattening stage were collected. Direct fecal smear examination, trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain were used in the study. Univariate analysis (frequency distribution and central tendency measures) and bivariate analysis were used to explore risk factors. Dientamoeba fragilis was found in 13% of the evaluated fecal samples. Other parasites detected included: Entamoeba spp. (66%), Blastocystis spp. (64%), Balantioides coli (36%), Cryptosporidium spp. (36%), Iodamoeba butschlii (17%), coccidias (4%), and Giardia spp. (1,4%). This is the first report of D. fragilis in swine in Colombia, and the high prevalence of other pathogen protozoa was also observed, which corroborates the role of pigs as important reservoirs for human infections. Studies focused on the evaluation of both swine and swine-exposed farm workers should be done in order to know the dynamics of transmission of this parasite.

Transcultural validation and adaptation of the Pedi-IKDC scale for the functional assessment of children that undergo knee surgery. / Validación y adaptación transcultural de la escala Pedi-IKDC para la evaluación funcional de niños llevados a cirugía de rodilla.

INTRODUCTION: In the last decades sports practice in children has increased, thus increasing the number of musculoskeletal injuries. There are no validated scales in Spanish for the functional evaluation of knee aspects in children. The validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Pedi-IKDC scale to Spanish, used for this purpose, was carried out. METHODOLOGY: The scale was applied to 50 patients that suffered traumatic knee injuries between 2016 and 2021 and underwent surgical interventions. The validation process of the scale was carried out after a pilot test, cross-cultural adaptation of words into Spanish, translation-retranslation, statistical, determination of internal consistency of the instrument, intraclass correlation, test-retest and evaluation of data dispersion. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the evaluated instrument is good according to the Gregory scale with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 The intraclass correlation was considered substantial (0.624) and the test-retest correlation, showed a coefficient of 0.91. The Bland-Altman graph showed a low dispersion among the data. CONCLUSION: The Pedi-IKDC scale can be a useful tool to assess functionality in children who have undergone knee surgery, it is considered valid, with adequate reliability and with the advantage of easy application.

Trasplante pulmonar: una perspectiva desde la inmunología / Lung transplantation: a perspective from immunology

Resumen El trasplante pulmonar implica una serie de desafíos, que como lo ha demostrado la historia, no sólo depende de un adecuado desarrollo de técnicas quirúrgicas, sino también de la comprensión de una serie de complejas interacciones inmunológicas celulares y humorales que serán las responsables del tipo de respuesta (innata y/o adquirida) fisiológica y que pudiesen desencadenar las complicaciones asociadas al trasplante (rechazo hiperagudo, agudo o crónico). Cada una de las cuales tiene su potencial prevención y/o tratamiento. El poder conocer esta serie de respuestas, permite al clínico anticiparse a algunos de estos eventos y evitar de mejor forma el daño y las consecuencias que pueden producir en los casos de trasplante pulmonar.

Lung transplantation involves a series of challenges, which as history has shown, depends not only on an adequate development of surgical techniques, but also on the understanding of a series of complex cellular and humoral immunological interactions that will be responsible for the type of physiological response (innate - acquired) and that could trigger the complications associated with transplantation (hyperacute, acute or chronic rejection). Each of which has its potential prevention and treatment. Being able to know this series of responses, allows the clinician to anticipate some of these events and to avoid in a better way the damage and the consequences that can occur in cases of lung transplantation.

Prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica y Paramphistomidae en bovinos de doble propósito en una hacienda del trópico bajo andino colombiano / Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomidae in dual purpose cattle in a farm in the Colombian low Andean tropic

RESUMEN En muchos países la fasciolosis y la paramfistomosis representan un grave problema para la salud del sector pecuario. En Colombia hay registros de ambas distomatosis en bovinos, la mayoría en el trópico alto andino, las cuales generan pérdidas econômicas anuales cercanas a 40 000 000 000 COP. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de fasciolosis y paramfistomosis en vacunos de la hacienda La Candelaria, Caucasia (Colombia), y la presencia de caracoles hospederos intermediarios. Para cumplirlo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se recolectaron heces de los animales y se hizo el diagnóstico mediante la técnica modificada de Dennis. Se establecieron las prevalencias de los digeneos de acuerdo con el sexo, peso, edad y raza. Se recolectaron caracoles dulciacuícolas en la zona estudiada y se identificaron por morfologia. Se analizaron 466 muestras fecales de 178 bovinos, de las razas Cebú (Bos indicus), BON (blanco orejinegro) y del cruce entre ellas. Se diagnosticaron F. hepatica y Paramphistomidae con prevalencias del 2,2% y 30,9%, respectivamente. En el 1,1% de los vacunos se diagnosticó coinfección. Ambas trematodosis prevalecieron en las hembras (p = 0,03). Se identificaron moluscos dulciacuícolas Ampullariidae, Physidae y Planorbidae sin estadios larvarios de digeneos. Se concluyó que los bovinos de doble propósito de la hacienda La Candelaria están expuestos a F. hepatica y Paramphistomidae, y, probablemente, se infectan en los predios de la hacienda. Paramphistomidae es más prevalente que F. hepatica, lo cual concuerda con lo descrito en algunos estudios realizados en hatos del trópico alto andino colombiano. Paramphistomidae se encontró en todos los grupos etarios.

ABSTRACT Fasciolosis and paramphistomosis are a major health problem for the livestock economy worldwide. In Colombia, both distomatosis are reported in cattle, particularly in high Andean tropics, with annual economic losses close to COP 40 billion. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis and paramphistomosis in cattle from La Candelaria farm, Caucasia (Colombia), and the presence of intermediate host snails. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with non-probability convenience sampling. Stool samples were collected from the animals and the diagnosis was made using the modified Dennis technique. Digenea prevalence were determined according to sex, weight, age, and race. Freshwater snails were collected in the studied area and were identified by morphology. 400 and 66 fecal samples from 178 bovines of the Zebu (Bos indicus), BON (white-eared white) breeds and the cross between them were analyzed. Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomidae were diagnosed with a prevalence of 2,2% and 30,9%, respectively. Coinfection was diagnosed in 1,1% of the cattle. Both trematodosis were most frequent in females (p = 0,03). Freshwater molluscs Ampullariidae, Physidae and Planorbidae without digenea larval stages were identified. It was concluded that dual-purpose cattle from La Candelaria farm are exposed to F. hepatica and Paramphistomidae and are probably infected on the farm grounds. Paramphistomidae was more prevalent than F. hepatica, which agrees with other studies in herds from the Colombian high Andean tropics. Paramphistomidae was found in all age groups.

Optimization of nickel and cobalt biosorption by native Serratia marcescens strains isolated from serpentine deposits using response surface methodology.

The treatment of metal-polluted wastes is a challenging issue of environmental concern. Metals can be removed using microbial biomass, and this is an interesting approach towards the design of eco-friendly technologies for liquid waste treatment. The study reported here aimed to optimize nickel and cobalt biosorption from aqueous solutions using three native metal-resistant Serratia marcescens strains. Ni(II) and Co(II) biosorption by S. marcescens strains was found to fit better to Langmuir's model, with maximum uptake capacities of 13.5 mg g-1 for Ni(II) ions and 19.9 mg g-1 for Co(II) ions. Different experimental conditions of initial metal concentration, pH, initial biomass, and temperature were optimized using the Plackett-Burman method, and, finally, biomass and metal concentration were studied using the response surface methodology (RSM) to improve biosorption. The optimum uptake capacities for Co(II) ions by the three biosorbents used were obtained for initial metal concentrations of 35-40 mg L-1 and an initial biomass of 6 mg. For Ni(II) ions, the optimum uptake capacity was achieved with 1 mg of initial biomass for S. marcescens C-1 and C-19, and with 7 mg for S. marcescens C-16, with initial concentrations of 20-50 mg L-1. The results obtained demonstrate the viability of native S. marcescens strains as biosorbents for Ni(II) and Co(II) removal. This study also contributes to our understanding of the potential uses of serpentine microbial populations for the design of environmental cleanup technologies.

Biosorption of nickel, cobalt, zinc and copper ions by Serratia marcescens strain 16 in mono and multimetallic systems.

The metallurgical industry is one of the main sources of heavy metal pollution, which represents a severe threat to life. Metals can be removed from aqueous solutions by using microbial biomasses. This paper analyses the heavy metal biosorption capacity of Serratia marcescens strain 16 in single and multimetallic systems. The results obtained show that Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) biosorption in monometallic systems is two to three times higher than in the presence of bi-metallic and multimetallic solutions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that carbonyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl were the main functional groups, as well as the amide bands I and II involved in metal uptake, which are present in external structures of the bacterial cell. The results obtained demonstrated the viability of S. marcescens strain 16 as a biosorbent for the design of eco-friendly technologies for the treatment of waste liquor.

¡Bienvenido 2022! ¡La transición ha sido concretada! / Bem vindo 2022!! A Transição está concretizada! / Welcome 2022! The transition has been completed!

La Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana ha pasado a adoptar la tendencia de las publicaciones científicas y, a partir de este momento, es de flujo continuo. Es así como todas las ediciones del año en curso permanecerán abiertas (In progress). El logro de este sueño solo ha sido posible con la ayuda de todos los colegas, colaboradores, autores y revisores quienes, sin escatimar esfuerzos, trabajaron para concretarlo en la edición de 2022. Por lo tanto, esta edición estará compuesta por todos los trabajos aprobados y editados hasta el final del semestre, cuando el equipo editorial también publicará su archivo y editorial, procediendo al cierre de la edición.

O Latin American Journal of Paediatric Dentistry adotou a tendência das publicações científicas e, de agora em diante, está em fluxo contínuo. Assim, todas as edições do ano corrente permanecerão abertas (Em andamento). A realização deste sonho só foi possível com a ajuda de todos os colegas, colaboradores, autores e revisores que, sem poupar esforços, trabalharam para que este sonho se tornasse realidade na edição de 2022. Portanto, esta edição será composta por todos os trabalhos aprovados e editados até o final do semestre, quando a equipe editorial também publicará seu arquivo e editorial, procedendo ao encerramento da edição.

The Journal of Latin American Pediatric Dentistry has adopted the trend of scientific publications and, from now on, it is in continuous flow. Thus, all editions of the current year will remain open (In progress). The achievement of this dream has only been possible with the help of all colleagues, collaborators, authors and reviewers who, sparing no effort, worked to realize it in the 2022 edition. Therefore, this edition will be composed of all the papers approved and edited until the end of the semester, when the editorial team will also publish its archive and editorial, proceeding to the closing of the edition.

Tratamiento conservador para intrusión severa de dientes primarios. Informe de caso / Tratamento conservador para intrusão severa de dentes decíduos. Relato de caso / Conservative treatment for severe intrusion of primary teeth. Case report

Las lesiones traumáticas en la dentición primaria constituyen uno de los principales motivos de consulta odontopediátrica. Las luxaciones intrusivas en la dentición primaria son injurias severas en las que el diente se desplaza de forma axial, hacia el alvéolo, ocasionando daño tisular que puede afectar gravemente a los tejidos de soporte y dientes sucesores, siendo recomendado el tratamiento conservador. Presentación de caso: Se trata de paciente masculino de 1 año y 10 meses de edad quien acude al área de emergencia pediátrica en El Centro Médico Docente la Trinidad por traumatismo dentofacial. Al momento de la exploración clínica, posterior a la evaluación pediátrica, se observa que presenta lesión lacerante en la encía del sector anterosuperior con ausencia del incisivo central superior primario (51). Al realizar examen radiográfico confirma el diagnóstico de luxación intrusiva completa con fractura de tabla vestibular en premaxila y fractura coronal no complicada esmalte-dentina del 51. Se realizó desinfección tópica de la zona, se recetó antibioticoterapia preventiva, antiinflamatorios, higiene bucal y dieta líquida y blanda. El tratamiento de elección fue conservador, esperando la reerupción espontánea para posterior restauración. Se realizaron controles periódicos presenciales y a través de la teleodontología, evidenciando evolución favorable. A los 12 meses posteriores al traumatismo el diente llegó al plano de oclusión, sin sintomatología. Se realizó la restauración estética con resina fotocurada. Conclusiones: El manejo conservador en casos de luxaciones intrusivas severas, acompañado de adecuado monitoreo, permite obtener resultados satisfactorios

Lesões traumáticas na dentição decídua são um dos principais motivos de consulta da odontopediatria. As luxações intrusivas na dentição decídua são lesões graves nas quais o dente se move axialmente em direção ao alvéolo,causando danos aos tecidos que podem afetar seriamente os tecidos de suporte e os dentes sucessores,e o tratamento conservador é recomendado. Objetivo: descrever a evolução do tratamento conservado causado por uma intrusão grave de um incisivo primário. Apresentação do caso: paciente do sexo masculino,com 1 ano e 10 meses de idade,que atende ao pronto-socorro pediátrico do El Centro Médico Docente la Trinidad para traumas dentofaciais. No momento do exame clínico,após da avaliação pediátrica, observou-se que apresentava lesão lacerante em gengiva do setor ântero-superior com ausência do incisivo central superior primário (51).O exame radiográfico confirmou o diagnóstico de luxação intrusiva completa com fratura da tábua vestibular no pré-maxilar e fratura coronal de esmalte-dentina não complicada de 51.Foi realizada desinfecção tópica da área, antibioticoterapia preventiva, anti-inflamatórios, higiene oral e dieta liquida foi prescrita. O tratamento de escolha foi conservador, aguardando re-erupção espontânea para posterior restauração. Os controles periódicos foram realizados pessoalmente e pela teleodontologia, apresentando evolução favorável. 12 meses após o trauma, o dente atingiu o plano de oclusão, sem sintomas. A restauração estética foi realizada com resina fotopolimerizável. Conclusões: o manejo conservador nos casos de luxações intrusivas graves,acompanhado de monitoramento adequado, permite a obtenção de resultados satisfatórios

Traumatic injuries in the primary dentition are one of the main reasons for pediatric dentistry consultation. Intrusive dislocations in the primary dentition are severe injuries in which the tooth moves axially towards the socket,causing tissue damage that can seriously affect the supporting tissues and successor teeth, and conservative treatment is recommended. Objective: to describe the outcome of conservative treatment for severe intrusion of a primary incisor. Case presentation: this is a 1 year and 10 month old male patient who attends the pediatric emergency area at El Centro Médico Docente la Trinidad for dentofacial trauma. At the time of the clinical examination,after the pediatric evaluation, it was observed that he presented a lacerating lesion in the gingiva of the anterosuperior sector with the absence of the primary upper central incisor (51). A radiographic examination confirmed the diagnosis of complete intrusive dislocation with a vestibular table fracture in the premaxilla and an uncomplicated enamel-dentin coronal fracture of 51. Topical disinfection of the area was performed,preventive antibiotic therapy, anti-inflammatories, oral hygiene and soft liquid diet were prescribed. The treatment of choice was conservative, waiting for spontaneous re-eruption for later restoration. Periodic controls were carried out in person and through teleodontology,showing favorable resolution. Twelve months after the trauma, the tooth reached the occlusion plane,with no symptoms. The aesthetic restoration was performed with light-cured resin. Conclusions: conservative management in cases of severe intrusive dislocations, accompanied by adequate monitoring,allows satisfactory results to be obtained

Por el medioambiente. Tomemos acciones ahora

La crisis climática es una enorme amenaza para la salud humana. La evidencia que el cambio climático está ocurriendo es abrumadora, impulsado por actividades humanas que aumentan los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera. Los inhaladores de dosis medidas presurizados utilizaban propulsores de clorofluorocarbonos. Los propulsores de clorofluorocarbonos fueron prohibidos debido a su gran impacto en el agotamiento de la capa de ozono. El protocolo de Montreal, introducido para proteger la capa de ozono, estableció una eliminación planificada de los clorofluorocarbonos, reemplazándolos con los hidrofluorocarbonos que ahora se utilizan en los inhaladores de dosis medidas presurizados. Si bien los hidrofluorocarbonos no agotan la capa de ozono, son potentes gases de efecto invernadero tienen un potencial de calentamiento global muchas veces mayor que el del dióxido de carbono. El sector de la salud es un contribuyente significativo a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a nivel mundial. Los aumentos de la temperatura global ya están teniendo un impacto significativo en nuestro clima. La lucha contra el cambio climático se ha descrito como la mayor oportunidad de salud pública del siglo XXI. Para reducir el impacto de los inhaladores en el cambio climático, hay varias opciones disponibles, incluidas el reciclaje de los inhaladores, el uso de dispositivos alternativos, reducir la cantidad del propulsor por dosis o usar un propulsor con un potencial de calentamiento global menor. Los profesionales sanitarios tenemos el deber de proteger y promover la salud de los pacientes y emprender acciones para disminuir los peores efectos del cambio climático. Se deben hacer todos los esfuerzos posibles para minimizar la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero si queremos proteger a las generaciones actuales y futuras.

The climate crisis is a massive threat to human health. The evidence that climate change is happening, driven by human activities which increase atmospheric greenhouse gases, is overwhelming. Pressurized metered-dose inhalers used chlorofluorocarbons propellants. Chlorofluorocarbons propellants were banned because of their big impact on the ozone layer depletion. The Montreal Protocol, introduced to protect the ozone layer, saw a planned phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons, replacing them with the hydrofluorocarbons now used in metered-dose inhalers used. While hydrofluorocarbons are not ozone depleting, they are potent greenhouse gases and have global warming potential many times that of carbon dioxide. The healthcare sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gases emissions globally. Increases in global temperature are already having a significant impact on our climate. Combating climate change has been described as 'the greatest public health opportunity of the 21st century. To reduce the climate change impact of inhalers, several options are available including inhaler recycling, the use of alternatives devices, reduce the propellant quantity per dose or use a different propellant with a lower global warming potential. Healthcare professionals have a duty to protect and promote the health of patients and take actions to minimize the worst effects of climate change. Every effort must be made to minimize greenhouse gases release if we are to protect current and future generations

[Functional evaluation of the management of massive rotator cuff ruptures with the use of the subacromial balloo]. / Evaluación funcional del manejo de rupturas masivas del manguito de los rotadores con el uso del balón subacromial.

INTRODUCTION: Rotator cuff (MR) ruptures occur in more than 50% of patients over the age of 60, and can cause changes in normal shoulder biomechanics that can trigger rotator cuff tear arthropathy. There is currently no consensus on treatment for massive rotator cuff tears. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of subacromial balloon placement in these lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analytical, longitudinal and retrospective study of 10 consecutive patients treated with the use of the subacromial balloon. Constant (CS) and ASES scales were used preoperatively and at 6, 12 months of post-surgical follow-up. Radiographic results were assessed using the Acromio-humeral Interval (AHI) on a true AP shoulder X-ray. RESULTS: The average improvement in CS was 41.7 ± 8.93 at 12 months of follow-up, the ASES scale showed an average improvement of 64.6 ± 4.9 at 12 months of follow-up. The presurgical AHI was 6.1 ± 1.10 and the mean at 12 months of follow-up was 7.1 ± 0.9. Clinical and radiographic improvement was observed at all scales, however no statistically significant results were found. CONCLUSION: The subacromial balloon prevents the ascent of the humeral head in the first 12 months of placement; we assume that it could restore normal glenohumeral kinematics by improving mobility and decreasing pain.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las rupturas del manguito de los rotadores (MR) se presentan en más de 50% de los pacientes mayores de 60 años y pueden causar cambios en la biomecánica normal del hombro que pueden desencadenar una artropatía por desgarro del MR. Actualmente, no existe un consenso sobre el tratamiento para el desgarro masivo del MR. OBJETIVO: Evaluar los resultados clínicos y radiográficos de la colocación del balón subacromial en estas lesiones. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio analítico, longitudinal y retrospectivo de 10 pacientes consecutivos tratados con el uso del balón subacromial. Se utilizaron escalas de Constant (CS) y ASES prequirúrgicas, a los seis y 12 meses de seguimiento postquirúrgico. Los resultados radiográficos fueron valorados por medio del intervalo acromio-humeral (IAH) en una radiografía anteroposterior (AP) verdadera de hombro. RESULTADOS: La mejoría promedio en la CS fue de 41.7 ± 8.93 a los 12 meses de seguimiento, la escala de ASES mostró una mejoría promedio de 64.6 ± 4.9 a los 12 meses de seguimiento. El IAH prequirúrgico fue de 6.1 ± 1.10 y la media a los 12 meses de seguimiento fue de 7.1 ± 0.9. Se observó una mejoría clínica y radiográfica en todas las escalas; sin embargo, no se encontraron resultados estadísticamente significativos. CONCLUSIÓN: El balón subacromial previene el ascenso de la cabeza humeral en los primeros 12 meses de colocado; suponemos que podría restaurar la cinemática glenohumeral normal mejorando movilidad y disminuyendo dolor.

Contrasting biogeographical patterns in Margarella (Gastropoda: Calliostomatidae: Margarellinae) across the Antarctic Polar Front.

Members of the trochoidean genus Margarella (Calliostomatidae) are broadly distributed across Antarctic and sub-Antarctic ecosystems. Here we used novel mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences to clarify species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among seven nominal species distributed on either side of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). Molecular reconstructions and species-delimitation analyses recognized only four species: M. antarctica (the Antarctic Peninsula), M. achilles (endemic to South Georgia), M. steineni (South Georgia and Crozet Island) and the morphologically variable M. violacea (=M. expansa, M. porcellana and M. pruinosa), with populations in southern South America, the Falkland/Malvinas, Crozet and Kerguelen Islands. Margarella violacea and M. achilles are sister species, closely related to M. steineni, with M. antarctica sister to all these. This taxonomy reflects contrasting biogeographic patterns on either side of the APF in the Southern Ocean. Populations of Margarella north of the APF (M. violacea) showed significant genetic variation but with many shared haplotypes between geographically distant populations. By contrast, populations south of the APF (M. antarctica, M. steineni and M. achilles) exhibited fewer haplotypes and comprised three distinct species, each occurring across a separate geographical range. We hypothesize that the biogeographical differences may be the consequence of the presence north of the APF of buoyant kelps - potential long-distance dispersal vectors for these vetigastropods with benthic-protected development - and their near-absence to the south. Finally, we suggest that the low levels of genetic diversity within higher-latitude Margarella reflect the impact of Quaternary glacial cycles that exterminated local populations during their maxima.

Desde la Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana comenzamos el 2021 con renovación y crecimiento / At Revista de Odontopediatria Latinoamericana (Journal of Latin American Pediatric Dentistry) we begin 2021 with renewal and growth / Começamos 2021 com renovação e crescimento da nossa Revista de Odontopediatria Latinoamericana

La Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana celebra este año 2021 sus primeros 10 años de publicación. A partir de 2021 nuestra revista ha implementado el uso del sistema de administración y publicación Open Journal Systems, desarrollado por el Public Knowledge Project (PKP), Canadá, el cual permite manejar de forma unificada y eficiente el flujo editorial, desde la recepción del manuscrito hasta la publicación del artículo. Nos sentimos muy honrados de recibir cada vez más artículos de todos los colegas latinos. A todos, un gran agradecimiento por creer y confiar en nuestra revista y por trabajar hacia el logro de este sueño, para el beneficio de la salud bucal todos los niños de Latinoamérica.

The Revista Latinoamericana de Odontopediatria (Latin American Pediatric Dentistry Journal) celebrates 10 years of publication in 2021. Starting in 2021, our journal has implemented the use of the Open Journal Systems administration and publication system, developed by the Public Knowledge Project (PKP), Canada, which allows the editorial flow to be managed in a unified and efficient way, from the reception of the manuscript until publication of the article. We are very honored to receive more and more articles from all Latin colleagues. To all of you, our most sincere thanks for believing and trusting our magazine and for working towards the realization of this dream, for the benefit of the oral health of all children in Latin America.

A Revista Latinoamericana de Odontopediatria celebra 10 anos de publicação neste ano 2021. A partir de 2021 a nossa revista implementou o sistema de gestão e publicação Open Journal Systems, desenvolvido pelo Public Knowledge Project (PKP), Canadá, que permite gerar de forma unificada e eficiente o fluxo editorial, desde a recepção até à publicação do manuscrito. Estamos muito honrados por receber cada vez mais artigos de todos os colegas latinos. A todos vocês, nosso mais sincero obrigado por acreditarem e confiarem na nossa revista e por trabalharem para a realização deste sonho, em benefício da saúde bucal de todas as crianças da América Latina.

Malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar tipo I: dos formas clínicas de presentación / Congenital malformation of the type I pulmonary airway: two clinical forms of presentation

La malformación congénita de las vías aéreas respiratorias (MCVAP), anteriormente conocida como malformación adenomatoidea quística (MAQ) es una malformación congénita poco frecuente, que forma parte de las lesiones quísticas pulmonares. Puede ser diagnosticada de manera prenatal o bien ser de presentación tardía como hallazgo casual o manifestarse por neumonías recurrentes. Se clasifica en cinco tipos en relación a condiciones anatomopatológicas y al tamaño de las lesiones. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes con malformación congénita de las vías aéreas respiratorias tipo 1 y una revisión de la literatura. En uno de los casos se realizó el diagnóstico prenatal por ecografía durante el control del embarazo y, en el otro, el diagnóstico fue tardío como hallazgo casual.

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), previously known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is a less frequent congenital malformation that is part of the cystic lungs diseases. It can be diagnosed in a prenatal period or present itself later as a casual finding or as a recurrent pneumonia. It is classified in 5 types in relation to anatomopathology conditions and the size of the lesion. Two cases of type 1 congenital malformation of the pulmonary airway are presented, together with a review of the literature. We describe the case of a newborn which was diagnosed by prenatal sonography, and the other case was diagnosed months after birth as incidental lesions.

Evaluación de competencias del proceso formativo de los residentes utilizando el portafolio: una revisión de la literatura / Assessment of competencies of the residents' training process using the portfolio: a literature review

In the dynamic process of curricular changes and improvements in the different specialties, knowledge, skills, attitudes and values have been taken into account; that is why new forms of study, supervision and evaluation of doctors in training have to be integrated. Recent experiences in our country try to introduce professional portfolios as assessment- learning tools in specialized postgraduate training. The portfolio is an instrument for evaluating the residents' training process that allows not only evaluating competencies, but fundamentally identifying what we should improve, allowing us to monitor the training media as they advance in the acquisition and development of competencies so that become a tool focused on helping us learn and at the same time provide elements to value the participation of tutors and their influence on learners. In the process of planning, designing and reviewing the portfolios, the training centers find an excellent opportunity to make a self-assessment of the consistency of their curricular structure, the clarity of the competences they seek to form and the evidence they may require in the training of its residents.