Provenance des prescriptions de médicaments reçues dans les officines de pharmacie du Département de Dakar / Origin of drug prescriptions received in pharmacies in the Department of Dakar

Introduction. L'accessibilité à des médicaments de qualité constitue un véritable problème de santé publique en Afrique. Cela est dû à des besoins énormes en soins de santé associés à des ressources limitées. La prescription de médicaments qui est un acte médical pour traiter les malades après avoir posé le diagnostic, est réservée aux professionnels de santé. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier la provenance des prescriptions de médicaments reçues dans les officines de Dakar. Matériels et méthodes. Il s'agit d'une étude descriptive et transversale. Elle porte sur l'exploitation de prescriptions médicales reçues dans des officines du département de Dakar. Résultats. Les résultats révèlent que plus de la moitié des prescriptions soit 61%, provient du secteur privé et 30.52% sont faites par des médecins généralistes. De plus, la classe de la parasitologie et infectiologie est la plus prescrite (18.26%). Conclusion. L'analyse de ces paramètres nous aide à mieux évaluer la situation sanitaire pour estimer les besoins en médicaments et ainsi faire des recommandations pour une meilleure accessibilité.

Introduction. Accessibility to quality drugs is a real public health problem in Africa. This is due to huge health care needs associated with limited resources. The prescription of drugs, which is a medical procedure for treating patients after having made the diagnosis is reserved for health professionals. The objective of this work is to study the origin of prescription of drugs received in the pharmacies of Dakar. Materials and methods. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. It is based on the use of medical prescriptions received in pharmacies in the department of Dakar. Results. The result reveal that more than half of the prescriptions are 61%, come from the private sector and 30,52% are made by general practitioners. In addition, the class of parasitology and infectiology is the most prescribed (18,26%). Conclusion. The analysis of these parameters helps us to better assess the health situation in order to estimate the drug needs and thus make recommendations for a better accessibility.

Evaluation of Oral Hygiene-Related Mobile Apps for Children in Sub-Saharan Africa.

In sub-Saharan Africa, oral health is a real epidemiological challenge. Mobile applications represent a hope for the learning of oral hygiene in children and the fight against oral diseases. This study overviews and assesses the quality of mobile applications linked to oral hygiene for children currently featured on the iOS and Android stores in sub-Saharan Africa. Ten oral health professionals (OHP) used the French Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS-F) to rate 15 selected applications. The highest MARS-F scores for overall quality were reported for Bonne nuit Caillou (3.89 ± 0.74), Mon Raccoon (3.63 ± 0.95), and Chomper Chums (3.54 ± 0.54) while the lowest MARS-F scores for overall quality were achieved by Brushing time (2.31 ± 0.61), De belles dents (2.55 ± 0.55) and Brushing Hero (2.77 ± 0.53). The subjective quality scores ranged from 1.50 ± 0.68 for Brushing time to 3.25 ± 0.97 for Bonne nuit Caillou. Specificity scores ranged from 1.95 ± 0.88 (Brushing time) to 3.75 ± 0.84 (Bonne nuit Caillou). Thus, OHP rated positively the quality of the majority of mobile applications linked to oral hygiene for children, their effect on users' knowledge, attitudes, and intentions to change, and the probability of effective oral hygiene behavior modification. They stated that they would recommend their use to their patients who need them. However, studies analyzing the change in oral hygiene behavior of children using these apps need to be conducted.

Chemical vs. natural toothpaste: which formulas for which properties? A scoping review.

Introduction: The proliferation of the oral care industry has made it more challenging for shoppers to zero in on the best possible toothpaste for their preventative requirements. It also makes the toothpaste's various components safer. Objective: The researchers set out to evaluate the state of information about the biological properties and cytotoxicity of adult toothpaste so that they might make some informed recommendations. Methods: A scoping review of research published between 2015 and 2020 according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. Results: In vitro clinical trials account for 44% of the papers, in vivo clinical trials for 25%, systematic reviews for 19%, and metaanalyses for 12%. They have active chemical components that have been shown to be antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or desensitizing. Herbal toothpaste has these characteristics and is very secure to use. Toothpaste with sodium lauryl sulfate has been found to be harmful. Conclusions: Scientists have investigated the biological effects of a wide range of chemically active compounds and plant extracts. Herbal toothpaste, it has been discovered, is both efficient and secure. Companies making toothpaste should be required to clearly label the product's qualities, active ingredients, and potentially harmful ingredients on the packaging.

Superstitious knowledge of the phenomena of teeth eruption in rural area of Ferlo in Senegal

Teeth are physiological phenomenon that appears in child and who begins around 6 to 8 months after birth. The aim of this work was to study superstitious knowledge of the phenomena of teeth eruption in the mothers peulhs of Ferlo in Senegal. The research method was a descriptive and qualitative study; comprising questioning the mothers of children in the phase of active teeth eruption by structured, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Information collected were related to the signs and symptoms of teeth, the superstitions associated with the dental age of eruption, the first type of tooth on the arcade, the rhizalyse and the practices of oral hygiene in the child. Data were analysed manually and presented in framed and of verbatims. From the findings, it is seen that fever, the diarrhoea, the vomiting and the dribbles constituted the principal signs. The native or neonatal tooth and the use of the stick rub-tooth to clean the teeth in the evening and the phenomenon of rhizalyse were related to superstitious interpretations. Programs of information and communication would make it possible to better sensitize the populations to optimize the good practices in the children in active phase of teeth eruption

[Mothers' responses to teething in children in Ferlo, Senegal]. / Réponses thérapeutiques des mères face à l'éruption dentaire chez les enfants du Ferlo au Sénégal.

INTRODUCTION: Tooth eruption is a process that begins in infancy and continues throughout childhood and adolescence. This complex phenomenon induces systemic disorders requiring specific management. The objective of this study was to identify the therapeutic responses to teething in children in Ferlo, Senegal. METHODS: This qualitative study focused on mothers of teething children (infants and young children). Information was collected by individual interviews (20 persons) and two focus groups (six persons/group) concerning the symptoms and signs of teething, the first-line solution in the presence of such signs, the type and form of prevention and the mother's psychological aspects during this period. RESULTS: The methods used by mothers to treat signs of teething were incantations on strings of knots, amulets, plants and various hard objects such as coins, cowry shells, or wild donkey teeth. CONCLUSION: These methods responded to the mothers' concerns to prevent and treat the signs accompanying teething. However, mass communication sessions may be necessary to encourage visits to the dentist to improve the management of complications.

Relation entre santé parodontale chez la femme enceinte et faible poids du nouveau-né à la naissance à Dakar/Sénégal: étude cas-témoin

INTRODUCTION: Plusieurs facteurs de risques ont été incriminés dans la survenue du faible poids. Cependant Barnett et al trouvent que 25% des naissances de faible poids ou prématurés se produisent sans facteurs de risque connus. La relation entre la maladie parodontale et la grossesse et particulièrement le faible poids à la naissance a été évoquée par Offenbacher en 1996. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier la relation état parodontal chez la femme enceinte et la survenue du faible poids à la naissance du nouveau-né. MÉTHODE: L'étude était de type cas-témoin portant sur 397 patients dont 129 femmes enceintes donnant un bébé de faible poids (cas) versus 258 femmes enceintes donnant un bébé de poids normal (témoins). Les données collectées concernaient les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les habitudes de vie, les données concernant le faible poids et celles parodontales : indice de plaque, indice de saignement papillaire perte d'attache clinique, profondeur de poche et le CPITN. Les données en analyse univariée étaient exprimées en proportions et moyennes puis des rapports de cotes avec leurs intervalles de confiance en analyse multivariée. RÉSULTATS: Les caractéristiques parodontales sont plus élevées chez les cas que chez les témoins. Il apparait que la parodontite était significativement associée au faible poids (P= 0,00013) ajustée sur l'âge de la mère, l'IMC et les autres paramètres parodontaux. L'âge de la mère et l'indice de plaque étaient marginalement associés au faible poids (P= 0,05 et 0,053) tandis que l'IMC, l'indice gingival et de saignement papillaire étaient aussi associés à la survenue du faible poids

Impact of the energy crop Jatropha curcas L. on the composition of rhizobial populations nodulating cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and acacia (Acacia seyal L.).

Jatropha curcas, a Euphorbiaceae species that produces many toxicants, is increasingly planted as an agrofuel plant in Senegal. The purpose of this study was to determine whether soil priming induced by J. curcas monoculture could alter the rhizobial populations that nodulate cowpea and acacia, two locally widespread legumes. Soil samples were transferred into a greenhouse from three fields previously cultivated with Jatropha for 1, 2, and 15 years, and the two trap legumes were grown in them. Control soil samples were also taken from adjacent Jatropha-fallow plots. Both legumes tended to develop fewer but larger nodules when grown in Jatropha soils. Nearly all the nifH sequences amplified from nodule DNA were affiliated to the Bradyrhizobium genus. Only sequences from Acacia seyal nodules grown in the most recent Jatropha plantation were related to the Mesorhizobium genus, which was much a more conventional finding on A. seyal than the unexpected Bradyrhizobium genus. Apart from this particular case, only minor differences were found in the respective compositions of Jatropha soil versus control soil rhizobial populations. Lastly, the structure of these rhizobial populations was systematically imbalanced owing to the overwhelming dominance of a very small number of nifH genotypes, some of which were identical across soil types or even sites. Despite these weak and sparse effects on rhizobial diversity, future investigations should focus on the characterization of the nitrogen-fixing abilities of the predominant rhizobial strains.