[Prevalence, knowledge and control of arterial hypertension in vulnerable neighborhoods of Argentina: A Cross-sectional Study]. / Estudio de prevalencia, conocimiento y control de la hipertensión arterial en barrios vulnerables de Argentina.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension (HTN) represents the primary individual risk factor, contributing significantly to the global burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In our country, epidemiological research has highlighted substantial variations in the prevalence of these risk factors across different populations. However, there is a lack of epidemiological studies assessing exclusive cardiovascular risk factors within vulnerable neighborhoods characterized by extremely limited economic resources, sociocultural challenges, and inadequate healthcare access. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional observational study was conducted among individuals residing in economically deprived and marginalized communities, including informal settlements and underprivileged neighborhoods. Simple random sampling of households was employed. Blood pressure measurements, anthropometric assessments, and epidemiological, economic, and sociocultural questionnaires were administered. Results encompass prevalence rates, awareness levels, and blood pressure control across diverse regions. Logistic regression was utilized to identify independent variables influencing primary outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 989 participants were analyzed. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 48.2%. About 82% had a body mass index (BMI) >25. Approximately 45.3% had less than 6 years of formal education. Independent association was established between education levels below 6 years and higher hypertension prevalence. Among hypertensive individuals, 44% were unaware of their condition, with only 17.2% achieving control, correlated with having health insurance and a higher educational background. Merely 24% were receiving combined therapy. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypertension within vulnerable neighborhoods is alarmingly high, surpassing rates in other social strata. Knowledge, treatment, and control levels of hypertension are suboptimal, comparable to other populations. Inadequate use of combination therapy was observed. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions addressing cardiovascular risk factors in poor areas to mitigate the burden of CVD.

Role of Renin-Angiotensin system and oxidative stress on vascular inflammation in insulin resistence model.

(1) This study aims to demonstrate the causal involvement of renin angiotensin system (RAS) and oxidative stress (OS) on vascular inflammation in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MS) achieved by fructose administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats (FFHR) during 12 weeks. (2) Chronic treatment with candesartan (C) (10 mg/kg per day for the last 6 weeks) or 4OH-Tempol (T) (10(-3) mmol/L in drinking water for the last 6 weeks) reversed the increment in metabolic variables and systolic blood pressure. In addition, chronic C treatment reverted cardiovascular remodeling but not T. (3) Furthermore, chronic treatment with C was able to completely reverse the expression of NF-κB and VCAM-1, but T only reduced the expression. C reduced the expression of proatherogenic cytokines as CINC2, CINC3, VEGF, Leptin, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 and also significantly reduced MIP-3, beta-NGF, and INF-gamma in vascular tissue in this experimental model. T was not able to substantially modify the expression of these cytokines. (4) The data suggest the involvement of RAS in the expression of inflammatory proteins at different vascular levels, allowing the creation of a microenvironment suitable for the creation, perpetuation, growth, and destabilization of vascular injury.

Análisis descriptivo de la adquisición del decúbito supino desde posición bípeda en niños, adolescentes, adultos jóvenes y adultos mayores / Descriptive analysis of the acquisition of the supine position from erect position in children, adolescents, young adults and older adults

Objetivos: El propósito del estudio fue analizar y describir posiciones, estrategias y patrones utilizados por niños (N), adolescentes (A), adultos jóvenes (AJ) y adultos mayores (AM) en la adquisición de un decúbito supino (ADS) desde posición bípeda, considerando además el tiempo de ejecución. Diseño y muestra: Estudio observacional descriptivo de tipo exploratorio a través de una investigación transversal. Se evaluaron 140 sujetos, elegidos por conveniencia en establecimientos educacionales y asociaciones comunitarias (clubes y agrupaciones) de la Región Metropolitana. Determinándose finalmente una muestra total (MT) de 120 sujetos divididos en 4 grupos, los cuáles fueron evaluados y registrados en video. Resultados: La secuencia de ADS para N, A Y AJ se concentran en 2 posiciones, AM en 3 posiciones. Se identificaron 40 estrategias distintas para adquirir el decúbito supino. AM presentó diferencias significativas con respecto a los demás grupos en cuanto a variabilidad de las estrategias y tiempo de ejecución. En los grupos más jóvenes la estrategia BA fue la más utilizada, y en AM fue BPA. La presentación de patrones de supinación fue menor para N y AM. Conclusión: Existe variabilidad de estrategias al momento de adquirir un decúbito supino desde posición bípeda, en distintas etapas de la vida registradas en la muestra, especialmente en los adultos mayores. Las investigaciones, en su mayoría se han enfocado en la adquisición de la posición bípeda desde decúbito supino, si se tiene en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, ambas ejecuciones debieran considerarse relevantes especialmente para los adultos mayores en el ámbito preventivo.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe position, strategies, and patterns used by children (N), adolescents (A), middle-adults (AJ) and older adults (AM) to acquire supine position (ASP) from an erect stance, also considering the time taken to adopt supine position. Design and subjects: The study was designed as a descriptive exploratory cross-sectional survey. 140 subjects were assessed for this study; the sample was recruited by convenience from schools and community associations of Metropolitan Region. Finally, 120 subjects composed the total sample (MT), which was separated in four groups, where the subjects were evaluated and recorded on video tape. Results: In this study APS sequence used by N, A Y AJ to acquire supine position was majorly concentrated in 2 positions, AM in 3. 40 different strategies were identified to acquire supine position. AM, presented significant differences from other groups relative to the variability of strategies and time of performances. In the youngest groups the BA strategy was the most used, and in AM it was BPA. The presentation of supine patterns was lower for N and AM. Conclusions: There is a variety of strategies to acquire supine position, in this sample, from an erect stance along the different stages of life, especially on older adults. Most of the researches have focused in the acquisition of the erect stance from a supine position, noticing the results; both performances should be considered of importance, especially for older adults in the prevention aspect.

Solvent effects on oxygen-17 chemical shifts in methyl formate: linear solvation shift relationships.

A multiple linear regression analysis has been carried out using the Kamlet-Abboud-Taft solvatochromic parameters in order to quantify the solvent effects on the (17)O chemical shifts of methyl formate (MF). The influence of the solvents upon the carbonyl oxygen chemical shifts is smaller for MF than for N-methylformamide (NMF). The influence (in parts per million) of the solvent polarity-polarizability reduces from -21.9pi* in amides to -9.6pi* in MF. The influence of the solvent hydrogen-bond-donor acidities reduces from -42.0alpha in formamides to -16.9alpha in MF. The solvent effects upon the dicoordinated oxygen chemical shifts of MF are smaller in magnitude and opposite in direction, i.e., 4.8pi* and 2.6alpha, than those for the carbonyl oxygen. (17)O hydration shifts have been calculated for the NMF + (H(2)O)(6) and MF + (H(2)O)(5) complexes by the ab initio GIAO method at the 6-311 + G** level. The hydration shifts calculated for the carbonyl oxygens of NMF and MF and for the dicoordinated oxygen of MF, -102.4, -64.7, and 17.6 ppm, respectively, show the same trend as the corresponding empirical hydration shifts, -101.7, -42.0, and 14.2 ppm.