RESUMEN
Objective: To analysis the clinical characteristics of"recurrence"RNA positive patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 ï¼COVID-19ï¼ and compared with those without"recurrence". Methods: 98 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital and designated treatment hospitals in Quanzhou were included in this study from February 2020 to April 2020. There were 55 males and 43 femalesï¼ aged from15 to 83 yearsï¼ with a median age of 57.5 yearsï¼ in which 20 cases were complicated with basic diseases. 15 of these patients had been diagnosed and hospitalized had been found as"recurrence"2019-nCoV RNA positive after discharge while the other 83 cases were all negative. The clinical classification of all patients was common type. Clinical data of the COVID-19 RNA"recurrence"patients were collectedï¼ and general situationsï¼ symptomsï¼ laboratory examinations and CT images were also observed and analyzed. The patients were divided into 2019-nCoV"recurrent"group and 2019-nCoV"non-recurrent"group. There are 10 males and 5 females in 2019-nCoV"recurrent"group while 45 males and 38 females in"non-recurrent"group ï¼χ²=0.800ï¼P=0.371ï¼. The age of 2019-nCoV"recurrent"group ï¼57±21ï¼ was higher than that of"non-recurrent"groupï¼53±17ï¼. 8 of 15 the COVID-19"recurrent"group patients and 12 of 83"non-recurrent"patients have basic diseases. IgG and IgM of 2019-nCoVï¼ IL-6ï¼ procalcitoninï¼ ESRï¼ CRPï¼ BNP and other serum biochemical index levels were measured and compared between groups. Results: ï¼1ï¼ The proportion of patients with common type of COVID-19 was 15.3% during 2-week medical observation after discharge. ï¼2ï¼ All of the 2019-nCoV"recurrent"patients were hospitalized due to COVID-19 RNA positiveï¼ when they were quarantined after discharged from hospital. All the patients with mild symptoms which were clarified as common typeï¼ including 5 cases of feverï¼ 6 cases of coughï¼ 5 cases of expectorationï¼ and 2 cases of slight shortness of breath. The time of symptoms appeared on ï¼5.73±2.82ï¼ days after discharge. ï¼3ï¼ The serum procalcitonin of all 2019-nCoV"recurrent"group patients were normalï¼all<0.05 ng/mlï¼. The BNP of"recurrent"group ï¼151±171ï¼ ng/Lï¼ was higher than that of"non-recurrent"group ï¼63±78ï¼ ng/L ï¼t = 3.207ï¼ P = 0.000ï¼. There was no significant difference in laboratory tests like leukocyte ï¼»ï¼6.17±2.4ï¼ and ï¼6.04±2.41ï¼×109/Lï¼½ï¼ lymphocyteï¼»ï¼1.59±0.52ï¼ and ï¼1.32±0.64ï¼×109/Lï¼½ï¼ CRP ï¼»ï¼12.54±28.20ï¼ and ï¼21.74±25.63ï¼mg/Lï¼½ï¼ ESR ï¼»ï¼31.07±28.72ï¼ and ï¼34.10±22.16ï¼mm/1 hï¼½ï¼ AST ï¼»ï¼24.73±9.15ï¼ and ï¼30.24±23.20ï¼U/Lï¼½ï¼ ALT ï¼»ï¼22.60±12.82ï¼ and ï¼36.47±34.12ï¼U/Lï¼ï¼ LDH ï¼»ï¼268±208ï¼ and ï¼270±164ï¼U/Lï¼½ï¼ D-dimer ï¼»ï¼0.60±0.50ï¼ and ï¼0.84±0.98ï¼µg/Lï¼½ï¼ ferritin ï¼»ï¼294±195ï¼ and ï¼395±319ï¼µg/Lï¼½ï¼ IL-6 ï¼»ï¼9.17±6.42ï¼ and ï¼14.28±17.74ï¼ng/Lï¼½ and BUN ï¼5.77±2.66ï¼ and ï¼4.74±2.81ï¼U/Lï¼½ between"recurrent"and"non-recurrent"groups ï¼all P>0.05ï¼. ï¼4ï¼ In"recurrent"groupï¼ ground glassï¼ exudative or solid lesions could be found in most of the chest CT performed on re-admission. Meanwhileï¼ fibrosis lesion was relatively rare. ï¼5ï¼ There were no secondary transmissions were found to be caused by the 2019-nCoV"recurrent"group patients. Conclusions: Most of the 2019-nCoV patients had underlying diseases and active lesions were still found in CT imagesï¼ so the possibility of virus replication may still exist. All"recurrent"patients had mild illness which may suggest that they were in recovery stage, and no evidence of transmission is found.
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COVID-19/diagnóstico , ARN Viral/análisis , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , China , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Phosphodiesterase III (PDE-3) inhibitors are inotropes used to treat congestive heart failure (HF). Previous studies showed PDE-3A mRNA levels were reduced in the left ventricle (LV) in dogs subjected to pacing-induced HF. The present study evaluated a time-course for RV-specific changes in PDE-3A mRNAs and proteins after pacing for 3 wk (n = 4) or in HF (4-5 wk; n = 4-6). Total RNA from LV/RV tissues was isolated for Northern analyses; cytosolic and microsomal proteins were prepared for PDE-3A immunoblots. PDE-3A mRNAs (7-8 and 10 kb) were normalized against glyceraldehyde-3-phosphodehydrogenase (GAPDH) or ribosomal 18s with similar results. PDE-3A/GAPDH ratios in 3 wk were unchanged in LV, but significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by 48% in RV vs unpaced controls (n = 8). In contrast, PDE-3A (7-8 kb)/GAPDH ratios were significantly reduced in HF by 50-59% in both ventricles. Consistent with mRNA levels, significant reductions in microsomal 135 kDa (93-96%) and cytosolic 120 kDa PDE-3A (57-69%) were seen in both ventricles in HF or in the RV at 3 wk; an LV-specific reduction (50%) in cytosolic 80 kDa PDE-3A in HF was also detected. In summary, RV-specific downregulation of PDE-3A mRNA/protein(s) at 3 wk suggests that hemodynamic rather than humoral mechanisms are responsible, and provides a molecular basis for the limited efficacy of milrinone in the progression of HF.
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3',5'-AMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterasas/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo/genética , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/enzimología , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha/enzimología , 3',5'-AMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterasas/genética , Animales , Northern Blotting , Western Blotting , Fosfodiesterasas de Nucleótidos Cíclicos Tipo 3 , Citosol/enzimología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Perros , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/genética , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Ventrículos Cardíacos/enzimología , Membranas Intracelulares/enzimología , Proteínas de la Membrana/análisis , Microsomas/enzimología , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha/genética , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) inhibitors are inotropic agents used to treat congestive heart failure (CHF) and are less effective in patients with severe CHF. Little is known about relative changes in PDE3 activity or gene expression during the evolution of cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the present study, we evaluated temporal changes in PDE3A gene expression before and after pacing-induced CHF in nine mongrel dogs. Three weeks of left ventricular (LV) pacing produced LV end-diastolic pressures of 15+/-1.7 mm Hg, whereas overt CHF at 4 to 5 weeks was associated with LV end-diastolic pressures of 24+/-1.7 mm Hg; prepacing values were 6.6+/-0.6 mm Hg. Total RNA isolated from LV tissues was analyzed on Northern blots; 10 unpaced normal hearts served as tissue controls. Signals for PDE3A mRNAs (7, 8, and 10 kb) or PDE4D (7.6 kb) were normalized against glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) or ribosomal 18S RNA. Before the onset of CHF, PDE3A/GAPDH ratios were not different between the control and 3-week paced groups. In contrast, all PDE3A/GAPDH ratios were selectively reduced by 52%, and PDE3A/18S was reduced by 70% (P<.05) in CHF; PDE4D/GAPDH (or 18S) was unchanged. LV tissues from four control and four CHF dogs were also processed to isolate cytosolic and microsomal membrane protein for cAMP PDE3 activity assays. CHF was associated with a significant 54% reduction (P<.05) in microsomal but not cytosolic PDE3 activity. CONCLUSIONS: Selective downregulation of PDE3A may account in part for the ineffectiveness of milrinone in the treatment of severe CHF.
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3',5'-AMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterasas/genética , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/enzimología , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Miocardio/enzimología , Piridonas/farmacología , 3',5'-AMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterasas/metabolismo , Animales , Northern Blotting , Estimulación Cardíaca Artificial , Perros , Regulación hacia Abajo , Gliceraldehído-3-Fosfato Deshidrogenasas/genética , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/enzimología , MilrinonaRESUMEN
Saphenous vein graft occlusion is a common late complication of coronary bypass grafting. Intimal smooth muscle cell hyperplasia is a component of this pathobiology, but the underlying molecular events are poorly understood. Immediate-early genes are activated shortly after growth stimulation and subserve cellular functions, which may contribute to intimal smooth muscle cell accumulation. In the present study, human saphenous vein grafts were harvested with minimal manipulation during coronary bypass and processed for isolation of total ribonucleic acid to examine change in immediate-early gene expression of messenger ribonucleic acid by Northern blotting techniques. Thirty saphenous vein grafts were incubated at 4 degrees C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle media from 30 minutes to 10 hours. The messenger ribonucleic acids for immediate-early genes c-fos and c-myc were weak or undetectable in controls but were increased (> 10 times controls) within 1 hour (c-fos) and persisted for at least 6 hours (c-myc) after harvest. Our results demonstrate, for the first time in human vascular tissue, incipient immediate-early gene induction. This information may lead to molecular therapies to control saphenous vein graft disease.
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Puente de Arteria Coronaria , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Genes fos/fisiología , Genes myc/fisiología , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Vena Safena/fisiopatología , Vena Safena/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Northern Blotting , Femenino , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/etiología , Humanos , Hiperplasia/etiología , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN/análisis , Vena Safena/patología , Activación Transcripcional , Grado de Desobstrucción VascularRESUMEN
Toxoplasma gondii cysts in the tissues of experimentally infected mice and pigs were irradiated with cobalt-60 at various doses and used to infect mice and kittens. Loss of parasite infectivity was confirmed following irradiation whereas control animals inoculated with non-irradiated infected tissues became infected. Experiments were repeated to calculate the minimal effective dose (MED) of irradiation to eradicate parasite infectivity. The MED for the Chinese NT strain and the American ME-49 and TS-2 strains of T. gondii cysts in mouse and pig tissues was approximately 0.6 kGy. The infectivity for mice of NT strain bradyzoites irradiated at a dose of 0.45 kGy was reduced 10,000-fold. Such irradiation may be valuable in practical operations to control T. gondii in pork products.
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Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Toxoplasma/patogenicidad , Toxoplasma/efectos de la radiación , Toxoplasmosis Animal/prevención & control , Animales , Encéfalo/parasitología , Gatos , China , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Femenino , Ratones , Especificidad de la Especie , Porcinos , Estados Unidos , VirulenciaRESUMEN
Mouse brains harboring the Chinese NT strain of Toxoplasma gondii cysts were homogenized with normal saline and irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays at various doses. The homogenate was introduced intraperitoneally into NIH mice or per os into kittens. Loss of infectivity was confirmed according to the following criteria: no cyst found in mouse brain impression smears on the 50th day after inoculation; no oocyst found in feces of kittens 3-15 days after inoculation; subinoculation in mice and a negative IHA test. All bioassays, parasitological examinations and serological tests in the control group gave positive results. Activity of radioactive source: 10 KCi; uniform dosage: 1238 rad/min; dose range of irradiation: 0.1-1.0 KGy. Minimal effective dose of gamma rays to control infectivity of T. gondii cysts was 0.55 KGy. Infectivity of bradyzoites irradiated with gamma rays at a dose of 0.45 KGy decreased by 10,000 times. Minimal effective dose of gamma rays to control infectivity of American ME-49 and Ts-2 strain, is slightly higher (0.6KGy) than that of NT strain. These studies present useful data for practical use of cobalt-60 to control infectivity of T. gondii in meat products.