Biochemical Changes in Anterior Chamber of the Eye in Diabetic Patients-A Review.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the biochemical changes observed in the anterior chamber of the eye in diabetic patients. The increased levels of inflammatory markers, alterations in antioxidant defense mechanisms, and elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the aqueous humor (AH) are explored. Additionally, the impact of these biochemical changes on diabetic retinopathy progression, increased intraocular pressure, and cataract formation is discussed. Furthermore, the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these findings are presented. This study explores potential biomarkers for detecting diabetic eye disease at an early stage and monitoring its progression. An investigation of the targeting of inflammatory and angiogenic pathways as a potential treatment approach and the role of antioxidant agents in managing these biochemical changes is performed.

Assessment of Awareness and Knowledge about Osteoporosis in Relation to Health Prevention among Patients Treated in Osteoporosis Clinics.

The increasing incidence of osteoporosis indicates that the disease is a serious public health problem, with about 200 million people being affected worldwide. The aims of this research are to assess the awareness and knowledge about osteoporosis in relation to risk factors, health condition, supplementation used, socio-demographic factors and other variables among osteoporosis patients. The study was conducted in 2016-2018 in osteoporosis clinics in Poland. The study involved 312 patients with a diagnosis of osteoporosis. In the diagnostic survey method, the authors' own questionnaire was used. The results indicate that the more frequent the symptoms associated with the disease, the lower the general self-assessment of the health condition of the respondents (rho = -0.682, p < 0.001). In addition, almost half of the respondents stated that their knowledge of osteoporosis is negligible. Moreover, the use of dietary supplements significantly differentiated respondents in terms of health self-assessed (p < 0.001), and it is noteworthy that users of dietary supplements assessed their health significantly better. We also saw a statistically significant relationship between the self-assessment of knowledge about osteoporosis and the use of dietary supplements (p < 0.001). Accordingly, significantly more respondents rating their knowledge as good or very good used dietary supplements. The conducted study demonstrates the need to educate patients and implement educational programs at central and provincial levels to improve patient knowledge concerning the disease. Supporting adaptation to chronic diseases and appropriate therapeutic management may contribute to improved osteoporosis treatment and enhanced patient quality of life.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Teleophthalmology in Delivering Ophthalmic Care to Underserved Populations: A Literature Review.

Technological advancement has brought commendable changes in medicine, advancing diagnosis, treatment, and interventions. Telemedicine has been adopted by various subspecialties including ophthalmology. Over the years, teleophthalmology has been implemented in various countries, and continuous progress is being made in this area. In underserved populations, due to socioeconomic factors, there is little or no access to healthcare facilities, and people are at higher risk of eye diseases and vision impairment. Transportation is the major hurdle for these people in obtaining access to eye care in the main hospitals. There is a dire need for accessible eye care for such populations, and teleophthalmology is the ray of hope for providing eye care facilities to underserved people. Numerous studies have reported the advantages of teleophthalmology for rural populations such as being cost-effective, timesaving, reliable, efficient, and satisfactory for patients. Although it is being practiced in urban populations, for rural populations, its benefits amplify. However, there are certain obstacles as well, such as the cost of equipment, lack of steady electricity and internet supply in rural areas, and the attitude of people in certain regions toward acceptance of teleophthalmology. In this review, we have discussed in detail eye health in rural populations, teleophthalmology, and its effectiveness in rural populations of different countries.

Blue-light fundus autofluorescence imaging of pigment epithelial detachments.

BACKGROUND: Pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) occur in association with various chorioretinal diseases. With respect to the broad clinical spectrum of PEDs we describe fundus autofluorescence (FAF) characteristics of PEDs. METHODS: Ninety-three eyes of 66 patients (mean age 71.9 ± 11.1) with uni- or bilateral PED ( ≥ 350 µm) were included in a retrospective cross-sectional study. PEDs were secondary to age-related macular degeneration (n = 79), central serous chorioretinopathy (n = 7), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (n = 2), pattern dystrophy (n = 3) or idiopathic PED (n = 2). FAF images were recorded using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (488 nm excitation wavelength, detection of emission >500 nm). Diagnosis of PED was confirmed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A qualitative FAF grading system was established, and grading was performed by two independent readers. RESULTS: PEDs showed highly variable characteristics on FAF imaging. FAF within the area of PED was found to be irregular/granular (n = 59, 63.4%), increased (n = 28, 30.1%), decreased (n = 3, 3.2 %), or normal (n = 3, 3.2%). Accompanying FAF changes included condensation of macular pigment (n = 67, 72.0%), focally increased FAF at the PED apex (n = 14, 15.1%) or elsewhere (n = 52, 55.9%), focally decreased FAF (n = 23, 24.7%), a cartwheel-like pattern (n = 10, 10.8%), a doughnut sign (n = 6, 6.5%), and a halo of decreased FAF encircling the PED (completely n = 20, 21.5% or incompletely n = 20, 21.5%). CONCLUSIONS: PEDs show a variety of abnormal patterns on FAF imaging. These changes in FAF signals may be secondary to morphological and metabolic alterations within corresponding retinal layers and do not necessarily correspond with the underlying PED subtype or a specific pathology.

The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery.

Human exposure to BPs is inevitable mostly due to contaminated food. In this preliminary study, for the first time, the presence of bisphenols (BPs) in aqueous humor (AH) collected from 44 patients undergoing cataract surgery was investigated. The measurements were performed using a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC−MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase column and a gradient elution mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The method was validated for bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF). The limits of quantification (LOQs) of both investigated analytes were 0.25 ng mL−1. The method was linear in the range of 0.25−20.0 ng mL−1 with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.98. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 99.9 to 104.3% and intra-assay and inter-assay precision expressed by relative standard deviations (RSD%) were less than 5%. BPA was detected in 12 AH samples with mean concentrations of 1.41 ng mL−1. BPF was not detected at all. Furthermore, two structural isomers termed BPA-1, and BPA-2 were identified, for the first time, in 40.9% of the AH samples, with almost twice higher mean concentrations of 2.15 ng mL−1, and 2.25 ng mL−1, respectively. The total content of BPs were higher in patients with coexisting ocular pathologies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetes in comparison to cataracts alone. However, the difference between these groups did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Performed investigations indicate the need for further research on a larger population with the aim of knowing the consequences of BPs' accumulation in AH for visual function.

Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk According to Molecular Subtypes Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on risk of breast cancer (BrCa) by status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). We searched the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and the Cochrane Library database and bibliographies of pertinent articles published up to 2020. Therein, we identified nineteen eligible case-control studies which provided data by breast cancer subtypes: ER-positive (ER+), ER-negative (ER-), HER2-positive (HER2+) and Triplet-negative (TN). Summary risk estimates (pooled OR [pOR]) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed/random effects models. The summary meta-analysis showed that over-use of OCs led to significant increased risk of TNBrCa (OR = 1.37, 95% CI; 1.13 to 1.67, p = 0.002), as well as of ER-BrCa (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.40, p = 0.019). There was also a significant reduction in the risk of ER+BrCa (OR = O.92, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.99, p = 0.026,) and a slight reduction in the risk of HER2+BrCa (OR = 0.95, 95% CI; 0.79 to 1.14, p = 0.561) after taking OCs. Meta-analysis indicated that OC use has different impacts on risk of breast cancer subtypes defined by receptor status. The identified differences between individual subtypes of breast cancer may reflect different mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

Hemodialysis Effect on the Composition of the Eye Fluid of Cataract Patients.

Numerous reports have proven that dialysis patients experience disturbances in the levels of elements in biological fluids. Disturbances in the homeostasis of essential elements or the appearance of highly toxic elements are serious problems also in clinical ophthalmology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of hemodialysis (HD) on the elemental composition of anterior chamber aqueous humor (AH) in patients undergoing cataract surgery. The study involved 22 patients. The control group enrolled 16 patients (age 75.68 ± 9.67, female 54.55%, male 45.45%) with cataract and normal kidney function (control), and the second group included six patients (age 70.33 ± 12.74, female 33.33%, male 66.67%) with cataract undergoing HD treatment. The elements quantification was established using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-MS). In the eye fluid of dialysis patients, there were increased levels of manganese (Mn) and mercury (Hg) and decreased levels of vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn). In addition, a statistically significant increase in the Hg/Zn and Hg/selenium (Se) ratios and a lowering of the iron (Fe)/Mn ratio were observed in the studied group in comparison to the control. The obtained results indicated the need for Zn and Se supplementation in order to eliminate the hazards caused by Hg toxicity. A lower level of V in the eye fluid of dialysis patients may have a positive effect on maintaining a calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Our study gives a deep insight into changes of elements concentrations in AH induced by HD.

The Multi-Elemental Composition of the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery, Suffering from Coexisting Diabetes, Hypertension, or Diabetic Retinopathy.

The aim of the study was the multi-elemental analysis of aqueous humor (AH) collected from patients undergoing cataract surgery. The study included: 16 patients with age-related macular degeneration AMD (99 controls), 10 patients with retinopathy (105 controls), 61 patients with hypertension (54 controls), and 33 patients with coexisting diabetes (82 controls). The control groups were recruited from patients with a lack of co-existing disease characterizing the specified studied group. The measurements were performed by the use of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The statistical analysis was carried out using non-parametric testing (Mann-Whitney U). The level of significance was set at p = 0.05. The data obtained revealed substantial variations in elemental composition between the test groups in comparison to the controls. However, the significant variations concerned only a few elements. The phosphorous (P) level and the ratio of P/Ca were significant in retinopathy and diabetes, whereas cobalt (0.091 ± 0.107 mg/L vs. 0.031 ± 0.075 mg/L; p = 0.004) was significant in AMD. In co-existing hypertension, the levels of tin (0.293 ± 0.409 mg/L vs. 0.152 ± 0.3 mg/L; p = 0.031), titanium (0.096 ± 0.059 mg/L vs. 0.152 ± 0.192 mg/L; p = 0.045), and ruthenium (0.035 ± 0.109 mg/L vs. 0.002 ± 0.007 mg/L; p = 0.006) varied in comparison to the controls. The study revealed inter-elemental interactions. The correlation matrices demonstrated the domination of the positive correlations, whereas negative correlations mainly concerned sodium.

Quality of life among patients from urban and rural areas with advanced age-related macular degeneration assessed using the NEI-VFQ-25.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the influence of exudative age-related macular degeneration on the quality of life of patients from urban and rural areas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective study included 144 Polish Caucasians with exudative age-related macular degeneration, treated with anti-VEGF, recruited from Department of Medical Retina in Lublinbetween March and June 2017. Clinical assessment included age, gender, visual acuity, complete ophthalmic examination, fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography, medical history and the NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age of the study group was 76.73±12.3 years, average time of AMD was 4.24±4.1 years. 21.5% of patients reported comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus. 99 (68.75%) lived in a city, while 45(31.25%) in a village. There was a tendency of females to complain more than males about moderate and severe discomfort and pain (p = 0.09). Most of the patients did not drive a car before the onset of the disease (female vs.male: 81% vs 62.9%; p = 0.01). 62.8% males and 25.8% females gave up driving (p = 0.003), whereas significantly more males gave up driving' and 25% of villagers gave up driving (p = 0.07). The parameter because of the eyesight - female vs. male: 50% vs. 20.8%; p = 0.03. There was a tendency of village respondents to complain more often about extreme difficulty in reading newspapers, street signs or the names of stores than (p = 0.08). 44.2% city residents. Rural patients felt to achieve much less because of their eyesight, which was not observed in patients from the city (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The place of residence and gender influenced perception of the disease in exudative form of age-related macular degeneration.

Evaluation of Aqueous Flare Intensity in Eyes Undergoing Intravitreal Bevacizumab Therapy to Treat Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of repeated intravitreal bevacizumab injections on blood-aqueous barrier permeability in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Patients and Methods: Forty-eight consecutive patients with neovascular AMD received 3 intravitreal bevacizumab injections (1 mg) every 30-40 days. Subjects were followed for a period of 4 months and were examined at baseline, 1 day and 1 month after each injection. A control group comprised of 19 neovascular AMD patients waiting to begin anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. Anterior chamber (AC) inflammation was evaluated with biomicroscopy and laser flare photometry. Results: None of the subjects treated with bevacizumab had detectable ocular inflammation during follow-up. An analysis for variance (ANOVA) of the mixed-effects model has shown neither an effect between treatment and control group (p = 0.921), nor over the time course of the follow-up (p = 0.773). Before treatment, median AC inflammation was 6.7 photons/ms (range: 3.5-18.2 photons/ms). One month after the first, second, and third injections, median laser flare was 6.4, 6.8, and 6.6 photons/ms, respectively, none of which were significantly different from baseline (all p > 0.05). Blood-aqueous barrier permeability did not change between injections and was not different from the control group. Conclusion: Inflammation induced by intravitreal bevacizumab was not detected by examination or flare photometry. This suggests that monthly bevacizumab dosing seems to be safe. The absence of AC inflammation could also reflect the known anti-inflammatory properties of anti-VEGF agents.

Ocular Involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in a Polish Cohort of COVID-19-Positive Patients.

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the current human COVID-19 pandemic has shown tropism toward different organs with variable efficiency, eyes included. The purpose of this study has been to investigate the presence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 infection in ocular swabs in patients affected by COVID-19. A consecutive series of 74 COVID-19-positive patients (age 21-89) were enrolled at two Polish COVID-19 hospitals for 4 months and were characterized by PCR for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in nasopharyngeal (NP) and ocular swabs, while their respiratory and ocular symptoms were noted. Almost 50% of them presented with severe/critical respiratory involvement, and some degree of eye disease. No tight correlation was observed between the presence of ocular and respiratory symptoms. Three male patients presenting with severe/critical lung disease tested positive in ocular swab, however with mild/moderate ocular symptoms. In conclusion, our study lends further support to the view that overt ocular infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is not such a frequent occurrence.

One-year outcomes of the Polish treatment program for the wet form of age-related macular degeneration using intravitreal therapy.

PURPOSE: To report 12-month outcomes of a Polish National Treatment Program using aflibercept and ranibizumab in eyes with wet, age-related macular degeneration in routine clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a non-randomized, retrospective, observational multicenter study. Anonymous data contained in the electronic Therapeutic Program Monitoring System were utilized in this study. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 2828 eyes from 2718 patients. The median age was 76.0 [70.0, 81.0] years; 61.7% were female. Best corrected visual acuity increased from 58.86 [50.05, 69.95] letters to 65.1 [50.1, 73.9] letters (p < 0.001). The median change in best corrected visual acuity was 0.0 [-4.0, 12.2] letters: 2.9 [-2.9, 15.1] letters for treatment-naïve eyes and 0.0 [-4.0, 8.8] letters for those continuing treatment (p < 0.001). The median central retinal thickness was significantly reduced from 341.0 [281.0, 422.0] to 275.0 [221.0, 344.0] µm (p < 0.001). The median number of visits was 9.0 [8.0, 9.0]. The median number of injections was 7.0 [6.0, 8.0]: 8.0 [7.0, 8.0] for treatment-naïve eyes and 6.0 [5.0, 7.0] for those continuing treatment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Eyes treated as part of the Polish therapeutic program gained functional stability and morphological improvement. Treatment-naïve eyes showed the greatest functional benefit.

Levels of Trace Elements in the Aqueous Humor of Cataract Patients Measured by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry.

Trace elements play an important role in the pathogenesis of several serious ophthalmological disorders, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, cataract, etc. This study aimed to measure alterations of chemical elements' (67) levels in the aqueous humor of patients undergoing cataract surgery. The pilot study included 115 patients, (age 74 ± 7.27, female 64.35%, male 35.65%). The aqueous levels of elements were measured by the use of the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), quality controlled with certified standards. The classification of elements based on their concentration was achieved by hierarchical cluster analysis. This is the first screening study that quantifies over 60 elements which are present in the fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye of cataract patients. The obtained results can be suitable for understanding and identifying the causes that may play a role in the initiation and progression of lens opacity.

A Review of Current Myopic Foveoschisis Management Strategies.

Myopic foveoschisis (MF) is common in highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma, and optical coherence tomography is essential for establishing the diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Untreated MF may lead to significant visual loss due to secondary complications. Vitrectomy with or without internal limiting membrane peeling followed by gas tamponade is the standard treatment; however, in recent years, new techniques, including macular buckling, have been introduced. We selected a total of 41 articles with 30 describing various modifications of pars plana vitrectomy, six describing the macular buckling technique, and five reporting combined surgery. The present review describes current MF treatment strategies, including outcomes, and provides a comprehensive understanding of current therapeutic options. Early detection and surgical intervention in eyes with specific risk factors may contribute to both improved visual recovery and more favorable anatomical outcomes.

Determination of Tryptophan and Its Major Metabolites in Fluid from the Anterior Chamber of the Eye in Diabetic Patients with Cataract by Liquid Chromotography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Tryptophan (TRP) is to an essential amino acid and its catabolites are significant to human health. By using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS), levels of three major components of kynurenic pathway namely tryptophan (TRP), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and kynurenine (KYN) in fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye were determined. The analysis was carried out on a Synergi 4 µ Fusion-RP column using gradient elution mode. For quantitative determination, l-tryptophan-amino-15N, 99 ATOM % 15N was used as an internal standard. The method was linear in the concentration range 4⁻2000 ng mL-1 for TRP, KYNA and KYN. The mean recoveries measured at four concentration levels for TRP, KYN and KYNA included the following ranges 94.3⁻96.1; 91.0⁻95.0; and 96.0⁻97.6%, respectively. The intra-day precision parameters were smaller than 4.4, 6.4 and 5% respectively. The developed method was applied to study the level of TRP, KYNA and KYN in eye fluid for the retrospective case series which included 28 patients suffering from cataracts and diabetes (n = 8). The experimental data was subjected to statistical analysis. The Mann-Whitney U-test revealed clear differences in the level of TRP catabolites and the ratios of TRP/KYN representing the activities of specific enzyme of kynurenine pathway in examined groups of patients. A level of probability p < 0.05 was used throughout a paper to denote statistically significant differences between the groups.

Macular Integrity Assessment and Fixation Analysis in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

PURPOSE: To investigate retinal sensitivity characteristics associated with morphologic changes in the eyes exhibiting chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), using macular integrity assessment (MAIA) microperimetry. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study was constructed. The eyes of patients classified as chronic CSC, according to the onset of subjective symptoms with serous retinal detachment, as confirmed by optical coherence tomography examination, were included in the study. Retinal sensitivity and fixation were analyzed by performing microperimetry examinations using the MAIA instrument. RESULTS: We reviewed microperimetry examinations of 15 eyes of 15 patients (age: 28-51 years) with chronic CSC and mean best-corrected visual acuity of -0.2 logMAR units. The mean retinal integrity in the chronic CSC group was 49.0 ± 27.6, which was significantly different from the control eyes. The mean average threshold in the eyes with chronic CSC was 24.7 ± 5.8 dB, which also was significantly different from the control eyes. Fixation stability was significantly different between the CSC and control eyes for the P1 parameter (90.1 ± 13.7 versus 99.3 ± 1.5), and for the P2 parameter (97.4 ± 4.0 versus 100.0 ± 0.0). CONCLUSION: New microperimetry technology may provide valuable information regarding the visual status of chronic CSC cases. Our findings suggest that retinal sensitivity and fixation stability in chronic CSC eyes may serve as useful indicators for assessing the effectiveness of clinical treatments.

Nasally located congenital optic disc pit with concomitant maculopathy.

Optic disc pit is a congenital optic disc anomaly, which can be associated with maculopathy. The case of an unusually nasally located pit with concomitant maculopathy in a 64-year-old woman is presented.

Efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept administered to patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 70 patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration confirmed clinically and in additional diagnostic procedures (fluorescein angiography and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography) were enrolled. All patients were administered three doses of intravitreal aflibercept at one-month intervals. Some patients (seven) received an additional injection of the drug two months after the last of the three injections. The best-corrected visual acuity and the optical coherence tomography findings were assessed at baseline and after the treatment. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.20. After the injection of aflibercept it improved to the mean value of 0.32 with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001, Student's t-test). The mean central subfield thickness at baseline was 311.4 µm. It decreased to mean value of 254.5 pµn with the difference being statistically significant (p<0.001, Student's t-test). CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injections of aflibercept improved clinical and anatomical parameters in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration in the initial phase of treatment.

[Geographic atrophy imaging using fundus autofluorescence method]. / Obrazowanie zaniku geograficznego za pomoca autofluorescencji dna oka.

Geographic atrophy is a manifestation of the advanced age-related macular degeneration and form of irreversible atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor layer. Early detection of changes and the ability to evaluate disease progression accurately constitute a key problem in diagnosis and treatment planning. Fundus autofluorescence is a relatively new imaging method considered nowadays to be the best in diagnosis and observing the natural or treatment-altered course of disease. High resolution images showing the 3D distribution of retinal pigment epithelium autofluorescence as lipofuscin index can be obtained owing to the launch of the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

[Bilateral abnormalities in central serous chorioretinopathy seen in optical coherence tomography, ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography and microperimetry--case report]. / Obustronne zmiany w przebiegu centralnej surowiczej chorioretinopatii w obrazie badan optycznej koherentnej tomografii, szerokokatnej angiografii fluoresceinowej i mikroperymetrii--opis przypadku.

Central serous chorioretinopathy is a common retinopathy, which is manifested by the idiopathic detachment of the neurosensory retina in the posterior pole, secondary to fluid leakage from choroidal vessels at the level of retinal pigment epithelium. The disease is typically unilateral and affects young men. We present a case of a 48-year old man, admitted to the Department of Vitreo-Retinal Surgery, Medical University in Lublin, reporting vision impairment in his right eye. The bilateral ocular exam followed by optical coherence tomography, ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography and microperimetry revealed bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy. This case presents a bilateral manifestation of central serous chorioretinopathy and emphasizes the role of advanced diagnostic imaging techniques in analyzing retinal function and disease management.