Elastofibromatous changes in giant cell fibroma and amalgam tattoo: Unusual findings in common oral lesions.

Several cases of elastofibromatous lesion affecting the oral mucosa have been reported. Clinically, these lesions may appear as small exophytic lesions or less often as white lesions. Therefore, fibrous hyperplasia and leukoplakia are not uncommonly considered in clinical differential diagnosis. Microscopically, elastic and fibrous connective tissue deposition is seen. Rarely, elastofibromatous changes can be detected when assessing intraoral lesions, including cysts, salivary gland neoplasms, and epithelial dysplasia. Here we report two oral lesions showing elastofibromatous changes, expanding their clinicopathological spectrum. The first case was a 46-year-old man with a history of asymptomatic nodular lesion on the palate 1 year ago, diagnosed as giant cell fibroma with elastofibromatous changes. The second case was a 79-year-old woman who presented a pigmented and mildly symptomatic lesion on the mandibular alveolar mucosa several months ago, diagnosed as amalgam tattoo associated with elastofibromatous changes.

Lingual Actinomycosis Clinically Simulating Nodular Median Rhomboid Glossitis: Literature Review and Report of Additional Case.

Actinomycosis is an uncommon, subacute to chronic, suppurative bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces Israelii. About 3% of all actinomycosis cases occur in the tongue, often affecting adult patients (mean age, 50 years). The clinical characteristics of actinomycosis can resemble malignant or benign tumors, and other infectious diseases. A 56-year-old woman was referred presenting an ulcerated lesion on the tongue 1 year ago. Intraoral examination revealed an edematous nodular lesion with an ulcerated surface, slightly symptomatic, on the midline dorsum of posterior tongue, suggesting nodular median rhomboid glossitis. Cytology smear was negative for fungus. After excisional biopsy, histopathological examination showed a chronic inflammatory infiltrate supported by a fibrovascular connective tissue stroma, and at the deepest part, broad basophilic areas surrounded by neutrophils, containing numerous filamentous bacilli, which were highlighted by Gram and Groccott-Gomori staining. The final diagnosis was lingual actinomycosis. Oral amoxicillin treatment (8/8 h for 2 weeks) was started, and after 1-month complete resolution was observed. Lingual actinomycosis is a rare lesion that must be recognized by dentists, because its early diagnosis and correct treatment reduce the possibility of a clinical complication that compromises the patient's quality of life. Noteworthy, when located on the midline dorsum of posterior tongue, actinomycosis can simulate nodular median rhomboid glossitis, expanding its spectrum of clinical differential diagnosis.

Oral epithelial dysplasia grading: Comparing the binary system to the traditional 3-tier system, an actuarial study with malignant transformation as outcome.

BACKGROUND: Establishing the risk of malignant transformation (MT) in oral leukoplakia is usually based on grading oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) on biopsy tissue, for which two systems are proposed: a 3-tier and a binary system. Only very few actuarial studies have tested the accuracy of such methods in predicting MT, especially for the binary system. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the two grading systems in predicting MT in a cohort of oral leukoplakia (OL) from Brazil, with follow-up data. METHODS: The sample comprised 878 individuals diagnosed with OL from 2005 to 2018. Follow-up data were obtained both locally and from the regional cancer registry. All lesions were graded using both the 3-tier and the binary systems. Kaplan-Meier curves (Log-rank Mantel-Cox) were used to assess risk and kappa to assess interobserver agreement. RESULTS: Thirty-five individuals underwent MT (4%). Both systems demonstrated prognostic value, though the 3-tier system proved superior, with OR 9.23 (3.42-23.69), PPV 0.152, NPV 0.98, compared to binary OR 3.49 (1.79-6.79), PPV 0.079, NPV 0.976. Interobserver agreement was also superior in the 3-tier system (0.47, p < 0.05) compared to the binary system (0.139, p = 0.39). Combining the two systems enhanced prognostic values (OR 14.28, PPV 0.217, NPV 0.981). CONCLUSION: The 3-tier system presented superior prognostic value to the binary system. Combining both systems to double-grade intermediate lesions might enhance risk assessment.

Spongiotic hyperplasia of the oral mucosa: case series and immunohistochemical analysis.

The localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (LJSGH) mainly affects the maxillary vestibular attached gingiva of juvenile patients, without sex predilection. Similar lesions involving extragingival sites have not been reported to date. Here, we report 2 cases of extragingival soft tissue lesions with similar clinicopathological features to those reported in LJSGH and 12 cases of intraoral reactive soft tissue lesions microscopically showing LJSGH-like focal areas. The 2 cases were adult patients, affecting the maxillary alveolar ridge (55-year-old female) and hard palate (78-year-old male), which were diagnosed as "spongiotic hyperplasia of the oral mucosa." The 12 intraoral reactive soft tissue lesions (6 men and 6 women; mean age, 49.5 years) were diagnosed as inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (n = 6), peripheral ossifying fibroma (n = 3), and pyogenic granuloma (n = 3), each of them presenting LJSGH-like focal areas. By immunohistochemistry, the spongiotic hyperplasia areas showed positivity for CK19, CK14, CK34ßE12, and CAM5.2 (weak/focal), while CK4 was negative. Considering the anatomical locations (extragingival) of these 2 cases, the term "spongiotic hyperplasia of the oral mucosa" is suggested. Moreover, LJSGH-like focal areas can be detected when microscopically assessing common intraoral reactive soft tissue lesions.

Bioactive and biocompatible cement as a single element in pulpotomy of deciduous teeth: a randomized clinical trials / Cimento bioativo e biocompatível como elemento único em pulpotomia de dentes decíduos: ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective: Pulpotomy in deciduous teeth maintains the integrity and health of deciduous teeth and supporting tissues until a permanent tooth has erupted. PBS HD CIMMO® cement was evaluated in deciduous teeth pulpotomies as base material and restoration. A randomized clinical trial was performed Methods: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of (Universidade Vale do Sapucaí) UNIVÁS with Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Consideration, protocol number is: 1.771.929. 60 deciduous molar teeth from 32 healthy children were selected. These teeth were divided into two groups: G1 with 30 teeth, in which the classictreatment with formocresol was used, and G2 with 30 teeth, in which PBS HD CIMMO® cement was used as base and simultaneous final restoration. The evaluation was performed 12 months after the intervention through clinical and radiographic exams. Fisher's exact test was performed to correlate the clinical and radiographic aspects in both groups Results: There was no significant difference (p= 0.090) in the clinical-radiographic evaluation. PBS HD CIMMO® cement is option to be used as a single element in pulpotomies of deciduous teeth Conclusion: Longitudinal studies should be performed in order to demonstrate a significant association between these groups. The study was enrolled in clinical trials (clinical trials.gov) with registration NCT03200938.

RESUMO Objetivos: A pulpotomia em dentes decíduos mantém a integridade e a saúde dos dentes decíduos e dos tecidos de suporte, até a erupção de um dente permanente. O cimento PBS HD CIMMO® foi avaliado em pulpotomias de dentes decíduos como material de base e restauração. Um ensaio clínico randomizado foi realizado. Métodos: Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Vale do Sapucaí, UNIVÁS, com Certificado de Apresentação para Consideração Ética, número do protocolo: 1.771.929. Foram selecionados 60 dentes molares decíduos de 32 crianças saudáveis. Esses dentes foram divididos em dois grupos: G1 com 30 dentes, no qual foi utilizado o tratamento clássico com formocresol e G2 com 30 dentes, no qual o cimento PBS HD CIMMO® foi utilizado como base e restauração final simultânea. A avaliação foi realizada 12 meses após a intervenção através de exames clínicos e radiográficos. O teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado para correlacionar os aspectos clínicos e radiográficos nos dois grupos. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa (p = 0,090) na avaliação clínico-radiográfica. O cimento PBS HD CIMMO® é uma opção para ser usado como um elemento único em pulpotomias de dentes decíduos. Conclusão: Estudos longitudinais devem ser realizados para demonstrar uma associação significativa entre esses grupos. O estudo foi inscrito em ensaios clínicos (Clinical Trials.gov) com o registro NCT03200938.

Intraoral epidermoid cyst with extensive elastofibromatous changes: an unusual finding.

INTRODUCTION: Epidermoid cysts (ECs) are rare and occur in the head and neck regions with an incidence from 1.6 to 7% of all cysts. In the oral cavity, approximately 80 ECs have been reported, representing less than 0.01% of all cysts. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 26-year-old man who developed a large EC in the midline floor of the mouth causing nodular swelling in the submental region and speech and swallowing difficulties. The lesion was surgically excised by intraoral approach and microscopically revealed an EC associated with extensive elastofibromatous changes in the cystic capsule. CONCLUSION: Oral EC with extensive elastofibromatous changes is a finding extremely rare. The meaning of this finding is unknown, but a traumatic origin or deposit disorder of elastic fibers is suggested. To the best of our knowledge, intraoral EC with elastofibromatous changes has not been reported to date.

Conhecimento do cirurgião dentista sobre filmes radiográficos interferindo na otimização do processamento radiográfico / Knowledge of the clinical dentist about radiographic film interfering in processing optimization / Conocimiento del dentista clínico sobre la interferencia de la película radiográfica en la optimización del procesamiento

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o conhecimento sobre filmes radiográficos na odontologia e suas características, para definir o que melhor se enquadra nos seus procedimentos. Metodologia: Foi elaborado um questionário sobre filmes radiográficos quanto à seleção na aquisição, sensibilidade dos filmes e quais estão sendo utilizados. O questionário foi respondido por 50 cirurgiões-dentistas escolhidos aleatoriamente, excluindo-se os radiologistas. Resultados: Foi observado que 35 (70%) dos participantes disseram saber o que é sensibilidade e 29 (58%) afirmaram que compram o filme de acordo com a sensibilidade. Ao verificar o conhecimento real do assunto, menos da metade das questões foram respondidas corretamente. Outro fato importante, é que embora 35 (70%) dos participantes soubessem o que é sensibilidade, somente 16 (32%) deles estão usando os filmes mais sensíveis existentes no mercado. Observou-se também que 17 (34%) dos profissionais participantes têm entre vinte e trinta anos, sendo que 27 (54%) se formaram a partir do ano 2000. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que, apesar dos profissionais afirmarem saber o que é sensibilidade e escolher o filme por este motivo, na pratica isso não acontece. Os resultados destacam que é necessário um esclarecimento maior dos profissionais ao que se refere ao emprego das radiações(AU)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of the dentist, about radiographic films in dentistry, in order to define what best fits into your procedures and know how to choose what should be used to bring benefit to the patient. Methods: A questionnaire containing questions about acquisition, knowledge and sensitivity of these films was answered by 50 dentists randomly selected, excluding radiologists. Results: It was observed that 35 (70%) of participants say they know what's sensitivity and 29 (58%) say they buy the film according to sensitivity. To verify the actual knowledge of the subject, less than half of the questions were answered correctly. Another important fact is that 35 (70%) of the participants know what sensitivity is, only 16 (32%) of them are using the most sensitive films. It was also observed that 17 (34%) of the professional participants have between twenty and thirty years, and 27 (54%) were formed after 2000. Conclusion: It is concluded that despite the professional claim to know the film's sensitivity and choose the film for this reason, in practice it doesn't happen. The results highlight that further clarification of professionals with regard to employment of radiation is necessary(AU)

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el conocimiento sobre películas radiográficas en la Odontología y sus características, para definir lo que mejor se encuadra en sus procedimientos. Metodología: Se ha elaborado un cuestionario sobre películas radiográficas en cuanto a la selección en la adquisición, sensibilidad de las películas y cuáles están siendo utilizados. El cuestionario fue respondido por 50 odontólogos elegidos aleatoriamente, excluyendo a los radiólogos. Resultados: Se observó que 35 (70%) de los participantes dijeron saber qué es sensibilidad y 29 (58%) afirmaron que compran la película de acuerdo con la sensibilidad. Al verificar el conocimiento real del asunto, menos de la mitad de las preguntas fueron respondidas correctamente. Otro hecho importante, es que aunque 35 (70%) de los participantes supieran lo que es sensibilidad, sólo 16 (32%) de ellos están usando las películas más sensibles existentes en el mercado. Se observó también que 17 (34%) de los profesionales participantes tienen entre veinte y treinta años, siendo que 27 (54%) se formaron a partir del año 2000. Conclusión: Se concluyó que, a pesar de que los profesionales afirman saber lo que es la sensibilidad y elegir la película por este motivo, en la práctica no sucede. Los resultados señalan que es necesario un mayor aclaramiento de los profesionales en lo que se refiere al empleo de las radiaciones(AU)

Topical anesthetic to release trigger points in painful myofascial syndrome. Pilot study / Anestésico tópico para liberação de pontos-gatilhos em síndrome dolorosa miofascial. Estudo piloto

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The myofascial syndrome is a painful regional disorder that is characterized by the presence of painful points that cause referred pain in other sites different from the one of origin, known as trigger points. The use of topical anesthetic associated with acupressure to release trigger points helps to alleviate pain during the myofascial release. The objective of this study was to calibrate instruments to evaluate the topical anesthetic action of lidocaine in active myofascial trigger points during the myofascial release procedure. METHODS: Pilot, prospective study, tied with the Professional Master's Degree in Health Applied Sciences of the University of Vale do Sapucaí, Pouso Alegre, MG, conducted with the purpose to evaluate the analgesic effect of lidocaine in concentrations of 2, 4 and 7% after 3, 5 and 10 minutes of the application in patients with painful myofascial syndrome. RESULTS: The descriptive statistics analysis showed a painful response in all lidocaine concentrations related to the evaluated times, except for 7% of lidocaine 10 minutes after the application. CONCLUSION: The myofascial release was more efficient using lidocaine at 7%, with a ten-minute interval for the anesthetic effect to start the physiotherapy intervention.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A síndrome miofascial é uma desordem dolorosa regional que se caracteriza pela presença de pontos dolorosos, que provocam dor referida em outros locais diferentes do de origem, conhecidos como pontos-gatilho. A utilização de anestésico tópico associado a digito-pressão na liberação de pontos-gatilho, tem a finalidade de aliviar a dor durante o procedimento de liberação miofascial. O objetivo deste estudo foi calibrar instrumentos para a avaliação da ação anestésica tópica de lidocaína em pontos-gatilhos miofasciais ativos, durante o procedimento de liberação miofascial. MÉTODOS: Estudo piloto prospectivo, vinculado ao Mestrado Profissional em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde da Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Pouso Alegre, MG, realizado com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito analgésico do uso de lidocaína em concentrações de 2, 4 e 7% após 3, 5 e 10 minutos da aplicação em pacientes com síndrome dolorosa miofascial. RESULTADOS: A análise estatística descritiva demonstrou que houve resposta dolorosa em todas as concentrações da lidocaína relacionadas aos tempos avaliados, exceto para 7% de lidocaína após 10 minutos da aplicação. CONCLUSÃO: A liberação miofascial foi mais eficiente utilizando a lidocaína a 7%, com intervalo de efeito do anestésico para realização da intervenção fisioterápica de 10 minutos.

Immune cell infiltration in Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor: An immunohistochemical study.

Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) is a rare benign neoplasm, often affecting the anterior dorsum of the tongue. To date, approximately 74 cases of lingual ECT have been published. This report describes, for the first time, the morphological and immunohistochemical features of a unique ECT case, which revealed diffuse infiltration by immune cells with a dendritic-like appearance inside the tumor proliferation. The significance of these findings and discussion about the tumor cell-immune cell interactions are presented.

Extensive presentation of central ossifying fibroma treated with conservative surgical excision.

Central ossifying fibroma is a benign slow-growing tumor of mesenchymal origin and it tends to occur in the second and third decades of life, with predilection for women and for the mandibular premolar and molar areas. Clinically, it is a large asymptomatic tumor of aggressive appearance, with possible tooth displacement. Occasionally treated by curettage enucleation, this conservative surgical excision is showing a recurrence rate extremely low. The objective of this study was to report a case of a 44-year-old woman, presenting a very large ossifying fibroma in the mandible, which was successfully treated with curettage, and to conduct a brief literature review of this lesion, focusing on the histology, clinical behavior, and management of these uncommon lesions.