Gender differences in the association between childhood maltreatment and the onset of major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment is widely acknowledged as a risk factor for developing major depressive disorders (MDDs) in adulthood. However, the influence of gender on age at MDD onset and the relationships between various forms of maltreatment remain unclear. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gender on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depressive disorder onset with regard to maltreatment severity, age at onset, and the correlation between different forms of maltreatment. METHODS: Data for this study were derived from the Objective Diagnostic Marker and Personalized Intervention in MDD Patients (ODMPIM) study, a multi-center collaborative research project. The data used here include 1001 patients diagnosed with depressive disorder and 494 healthy participants. Childhood maltreatment levels were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). RESULTS: Emotional abuse was correlated with physical abuse, and emotional neglect was correlated with physical neglect in the MDD patient population. Emotional abuse significantly contributed to early onset of MDD in both genders. Regarding gender differences, male patients with MDD experienced more severe physical abuse during childhood. The correlation between childhood sexual abuse and physical abuse was stronger among males than among females. Levels of physical abuse and neglect tended to be positively associated with the age of MDD onset. Gender is a moderator in the relationship between MDD onset age and childhood physical abuse or neglect. CONCLUSIONS: Gender plays a role in certain aspects of the relationship between MDD and childhood maltreatment.

Psychiatric symptoms before and after COVID-19 vaccination: A cohort study of hospitalized schizophrenia patients.

This study aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the psychiatric symptoms of hospitalized schizophrenia patients and to evaluate the association between the severity of psychiatric symptoms and the COVID-19 vaccination decision. We assessed the psychiatric symptoms of 330 hospitalized schizophrenia patients who accepted the vaccine and 114 patients who declined the vaccine option with PANSS before and after vaccination. We showed that the unwillingness to receive the vaccine is correlated with a higher level of psychiatric symptoms. COVID-19 vaccination is associated with slight deterioration of the schizophrenia symptoms of elderly hospitalized patients.