Research Progress on the Correlation Between Hypertension and Gut Microbiota.

Among cardiovascular diseases, hypertension is the most important risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex, involving genetic, dietary and environmental factors. The characteristics of the gut microbiota can vary in response to increased blood pressure (BP) and influence the development and progression of hypertension. This paper describes five aspects of the relationship between hypertension and the gut microbiota, namely, the different types of gut microbiota, metabolites of the gut microbiota, sympathetic activation, gut-brain interactions, the effects of exercise and dietary patterns and the treatment of the gut microbiota through probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and herbal remedies, providing new clues for the future prevention of hypertension. Diet, exercise and traditional Chinese medicine may contribute to long-term improvements in hypertension, although the effects of probiotics and FMT still need to be validated in large populations.

Application of LAMP coupled with NALF for precise detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP),as the most commonly infected respiratory pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia in preschool children,has becoming a prominent factor affecting children's respiratory health.Currently, there is a lack of easy, rapid, and accurate laboratory testing program for MP infection, which causes comparatively difficulty for clinical diagnostic.Here,we utilize loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to amplify and characterize the P1 gene of MP, combined with nucleic acid lateral flow (NALF) for fast and visuallized detection of MP.Furthermore, we evaluated and analyzed the sensitivity, specificity and methodological consistency of the method.The results showed that the limit of detection(LoD) of MP-LAMP-NALF assay was down to 100 copys per reaction and there was no cross-reactivity with other pathogens infected the respiratory system. The concordance rate between MP-LAMP-NALF assay with quantitative real-time PCR was 94.3 %,which exhibiting excellent testing performance.We make superior the turnaround time of the MP-LAMP-NALF assay, which takes only about 50 min. In addition, there is no need for precision instruments and no restriction on the laboratory site.Collectively, LAMP-NALF assay targeting the P1 gene for Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection was a easy, precise and visual test which could be widely applied in outpatient and emergency departments or primary hospitals.When further optimized, it could be used as "point-of-care testing" of pathogens or multiple testing for pathogens.

Single-cell analysis of anti-BCMA CAR T cell therapy in patients with central nervous system autoimmunity.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy for the treatment of neurological autoimmune diseases is promising, but CAR T cell kinetics and immune alterations after treatment are poorly understood. Here, we performed single-cell multi-omics sequencing of paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) treated with anti-B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR T cells. Proliferating cytotoxic-like CD8+ CAR T cell clones were identified as the main effectors in autoimmunity. Anti-BCMA CAR T cells with enhanced features of chemotaxis efficiently crossed the blood-CSF barrier, eliminated plasmablasts and plasma cells in the CSF, and suppressed neuroinflammation. The CD44-expressing early memory phenotype in infusion products was potentially associated with CAR T cell persistence in autoimmunity. Moreover, CAR T cells from patients with NMOSD displayed distinctive features of suppressed cytotoxicity compared with those from hematological malignancies. Thus, we provide mechanistic insights into CAR T cell function in patients with neurological autoimmune disease.

Effects of coastal saline-alkali soil on rhizosphere microbial community and crop yield of cotton at different growth stages.

Soil salinization is a global constraint that significantly hampers agricultural production, with cotton being an important cash crop that is not immune to its detrimental effects. The rhizosphere microbiome plays a critical role in plant health and growth, which assists plants in resisting adverse abiotic stresses including soil salinization. This study explores the impact of soil salinization on cotton, including its effects on growth, yield, soil physical and chemical properties, as well as soil bacterial community structures. The results of ß-diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in bacterial communities in saline-alkali soil at different growth stages of cotton. Besides, the more severity of soil salinization, the more abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota enriched in rhizosphere bacterial composition where the abundance of Acidobacteriota exhibited the opposite trend. And the co-occurrence network analysis showed that soil salinization affected the complexity of soil bacterial co-occurrence network. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which soil salinization affects soil microorganisms in cotton rhizosphere soil and offer guidance for improving soil salinization using beneficial microorganisms.

To analyze the relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites and migraine: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: It has been suggested in several observational studies that migraines are associated with the gut microbiota. It remains unclear, however, how the gut microbiota and migraines are causally related. Methods: We performed a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for the gut microbiota were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium (n = 18,340) and the Dutch Microbiota Project (n = 7,738). Pooled GWAS data for plasma metabolites were obtained from four different human metabolomics studies. GWAS summary data for migraine (cases = 48,975; controls = 450,381) were sourced from the International Headache Genetics Consortium. We used inverse-variance weighting as the primary analysis. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of the estimated results. We also conducted reverse mendelian randomization when a causal relationship between exposure and migraine was found. Results: LachnospiraceaeUCG001 (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20) was a risk factor for migraine. Blautia (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99), Eubacterium (nodatum group; OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), and Bacteroides fragilis (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00) may have a suggestive association with a lower migraine risk. Functional pathways of methionine synthesis (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.95) associated with microbiota abundance and plasma hydrocinnamate (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-1.00), which are downstream metabolites of Blautia and Bacteroides fragilis, respectively, may also be associated with lower migraine risk. No causal association between migraine and the gut microbiota or metabolites was found in reverse mendelian randomization analysis. Both significant horizontal pleiotropy and significant heterogeneity were not clearly identified. Conclusion: This Mendelian randomization analysis showed that LachnospiraceaeUCG001 was associated with an increased risk of migraine, while some bacteria in the gut microbiota may reduce migraine risk. These findings provide a reference for a deeper comprehension of the role of the gut-brain axis in migraine as well as possible targets for treatment interventions.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sleep disorders.

Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be associated with sleep disorders. In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two, we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep disorders, especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), on the incidence of NAFLD, and analyzed the possible mechanisms after adjusting for confounding factors. NAFLD is independently associated with sleep disorders. Different sleep disorders may be the cause of the onset and aggravation of NAFLD. An excessive or insufficient sleep duration, poor sleep quality, insomnia, sleep-wake disorders, and OSA may increase the incidence of NAFLD. Despite that some research suggests a unidirectional causal link between the two, specifically, the onset of NAFLD is identified as a result of changes in sleep characteristics, and the reverse relationship does not hold true. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of specific research elucidating the reasons behind the higher risk of developing sleep disorders in individuals with NAFLD. Further research is needed to establish a clear relationship between NAFLD and sleep disorders. This will lay the groundwork for earlier identification of potential patients, which is crucial for earlier monitoring, diagnosis, effective prevention, and treatment of NAFLD.

Metal telluride nanosheets by scalable solid lithiation and exfoliation.

Transition metal tellurides (TMTs) have been ideal materials for exploring exotic properties in condensed-matter physics, chemistry and materials science1-3. Although TMT nanosheets have been produced by top-down exfoliation, their scale is below the gram level and requires a long processing time, restricting their effective application from laboratory to market4-8. We report the fast and scalable synthesis of a wide variety of MTe2 (M = Nb, Mo, W, Ta, Ti) nanosheets by the solid lithiation of bulk MTe2 within 10 min and their subsequent hydrolysis within seconds. Using NbTe2 as a representative, we produced more than a hundred grams (108 g) of NbTe2 nanosheets with 3.2 nm mean thickness, 6.2 µm mean lateral size and a high yield (>80%). Several interesting quantum phenomena, such as quantum oscillations and giant magnetoresistance, were observed that are generally restricted to highly crystalline MTe2 nanosheets. The TMT nanosheets also perform well as electrocatalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries and electrodes for microsupercapacitors (MSCs). Moreover, this synthesis method is efficient for preparing alloyed telluride, selenide and sulfide nanosheets. Our work opens new opportunities for the universal and scalable synthesis of TMT nanosheets for exploring new quantum phenomena, potential applications and commercialization.

Ldl-stimulated microglial activation exacerbates ischemic white matter damage.

The role of microglia in triggering the blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment and white matter damage after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is unclear. Here we demonstrated that the vessel-adjacent microglia were specifically activated by the leakage of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which led to BBB breakdown and ischemic demyelination. Interestingly, we found that LDL stimulation enhanced microglial phagocytosis, causing excessive engulfment of myelin debris and resulting in an overwhelming lipid burden in microglia. Surprisingly, these lipid-laden microglia exhibited a suppressed profile of inflammatory response and compromised pro-regenerative properties. Microglia-specific knockdown of LDLR or systematic medication lowering circulating LDL-C showed protective effects against ischemic demyelination. Overall, our findings demonstrated that LDL-stimulated vessel-adjacent microglia possess a disease-specific molecular signature, characterized by suppressed regenerative properties, which is associated with the propagation of demyelination during ischemic white matter damage.

Tracking moisture contents in the pollution layer on a composite insulator surface using hyperspectral imaging technology.

Electrical insulators used in transmission lines and outdoor substations are exposed to severe environmental pollution, which significantly increases the risk of power system failure, especially when the pollution layer is highly humid due to adverse weather conditions. The focus of this paper is to establish an effective method for assessing the moisture content (MC) in pollution layers as it serves as a crucial indicator for evaluating the risk of failure in insulators. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology with a spectral range of 371.08-1037.89 nm was applied to determine significant changes in reflectance spectral characteristics in insulators during dynamic wetting and drying periods. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were utilized to evaluate the data presentation enhancement abilities of spectral transformation models and the data dimensionality reduction abilities of characteristic band selection methods. Furthermore, PLSR models were developed to calculate the MC along the pixel dimension to visually retrieve the dynamic wetting and drying processes of the pollution layer. The R-squared and root-mean-square error (RMSE) results in the cross-verification set and prediction set of the RE-RF(70%)-PLSR model with two characteristic bands with a wavelength of 543.28 nm and 848.01 nm were as follows: RCV2 = 0.9824, RMSECV = 0.0367, RP2 = 0.9818, RMSEP = 0.0369, respectively. This research contributes towards the visualization retrieval of the MC and offers an important technique for analyzing flashover evolution, optimizing insulator design, and preparing coating materials for insulators.

The transgenerational effects of maternal low-protein diet during lactation on offspring.

Environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle can influence the health of both mothers and offspring. However, its transgenerational transmission and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, using a maternal lactation-period low-protein diet (LPD) mouse model, we show that maternal LPD during lactation causes decreased survival and stunted growth, significantly reduces ovulation and litter size, and alters the gut microbiome in the female LPD-F1 offspring. The transcriptome of LPD-F1 metaphase II (MII) oocytes shows that differentially expressed genes are enriched in female pregnancy and multiple metabolic processes. Moreover, maternal LPD causes early stunted growth and impairs metabolic health, which is transmitted over two generations. The methylome alteration of LPD-F1 oocytes can be partly transmitted to the F2 oocytes. Together, our results reveal that LPD during lactation transgenerationally affects offspring health, probably via oocyte epigenetic changes.

Association between Body Mass Index and Medication-Overuse Headache among Individuals with Migraine: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a secondary chronic headache disorder that occurs in individuals with a pre-existing primary headache disorder, particularly migraine disorder. Obesity is often combined with chronic daily headaches and is considered a risk factor for the transformation of episodic headaches into chronic headaches. However, the association between obesity and MOH among individuals with migraine has rarely been studied. The present study explored the association between body mass index (BMI) and MOH in people living with migraine. METHODS: This cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of data from the Survey of Fibromyalgia Comorbidity with Headache study. Migraine and MOH were diagnosed using the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition. BMI (kg/m2) is calculated by dividing the weight (kg) by the square of the height (m). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between BMI and MOH. RESULTS: A total of 2,251 individuals with migraine were included, of whom 8.7% (195/2,251) had a concomitant MOH. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, education level, headache duration, pain intensity, headache family history, chronic migraine, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and fibromyalgia, demonstrated there was an association between BMI (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.11; p = 0.031) and MOH. The results remained when the BMI was transformed into a category. Compared to individuals with Q2 (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤23.9 kg/m2), those with Q4 (BMI ≥28 kg/m2) had an adjusted OR for MOH of 1.81 (95% CI, 1.04-3.17; p = 0.037). In the subgroup analyses, BMI was associated with MOH among aged more than 50 years (OR, 1.13; 95%, 1.03-1.24), less than high school (OR, 1.08; 95%, 1.01-1.15), without depression (OR, 1.06; 95%, 1.01-1.12), and without anxiety (OR, 1.06; 95%, 1.01-1.12). An association between BMI and MOH was found in a sensitivity analysis that BMI was classified into four categories according to the World Health Organization guidelines. CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional study, BMI was associated with MOH in Chinese individuals with migraine.

Efficacy and efficacy-influencing factors of stem cell transplantation on patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cell transplants as a treatment for Parkinson's disease have been studied for decades, and stem cells may be the most promising cell sources for this treatment. We aimed to investigate whether stem cell transplantation contributes to the cure for Parkinson's disease and the factors that may influence the efficacy for this therapy. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and ChinaInfo were thoroughly searched to find controlled trials or randomized controlled trials performing stem cell transplantation in patients with Parkinson's disease. The pooled effects were analyzed to evaluate the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Nine articles were identified including 129 individuals. Stem cell transplantation was an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (WMD = -14.86; 95% CI: -16.62 to -13.10; p < 0.00001), with neural stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs), and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) being effective cell sources for transplantation. Stem cell transplantation can be effective for at least 12 months, but its long-term effectiveness remains unknown due to the limited studies monitoring patients for more than 1 year, not to mention decades. Conclusion: Data from controlled trials suggest that stem cell transplantation as a therapy for Parkinson's disease can be effective for at least 12 months. The factors that may influence its curative effect are time after transplantation and stem cell types. Systematic review registration: (Registration ID: CRD42022353145).

Compatibility, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of a Dimethyl-Sulfoxide-Pretreated Graphene-Modified Asphalt Binder.

The surface of graphene was pretreated with dimethyl sulfoxide to enhance its dispersion in asphalt. To investigate the compatibility, microstructure, and mechanical properties of a dimethyl-sulfoxide-pretreated graphene (DG)-modified asphalt (DG asphalt). The interaction between asphalt and DG, DG dispersion, functional groups, tensile performance, microscopic structures, and micromechanical properties of the DG asphalt were characterized. Results indicate that DG with a particle size range from 0 to 8 µm is uniformly dispersed in asphalt. The irregular distribution of DG enhances the stress transfer distance, thus improving the energy consumption and mechanical properties of the DG asphalt. The preparation process involves physical blending, which reduces the saturated hydrocarbon content and increases the chemical bond energy, ultimately enhancing mechanical properties. Additionally, the surface of the DG asphalt shows numerous smaller sized bee structures, which contribute to the hardening and smoothness of the asphalt surface. The stress is distributed uniformly across the surface of the DG asphalt, minimizing stress concentrations. Furthermore, the light components in asphalt are adsorbed by DG, forming intercalated structures that decrease the adhesion and energy dissipation when compared to base asphalt. The compressive stress within bee structures consumes more energy and enhances the anti-deformation capacity of the DG asphalt. However, at higher deformation levels, the slipping of intercalated DG decreases its anti-deformation capacity when compared to that of base asphalt. Nonetheless, the interaction between intercalated structures prevents rapid tensile failure in the DG asphalt.

Multifunctional Ti3C2Tx MXene-reinforced thermoplastic starch nanocomposites for sustainable packaging solutions.

Starch-derived films exhibit significant potential for packaging applications owing to their low cost, biodegradable characteristics, and natural abundance. Nonetheless, there is a demand to enhance their mechanical properties and moisture resistance to broaden their use. In this study, high performing sorbitol-plasticized starch/Ti3C2Tx MXene nanocomposites, reinforced with ultra-low filler contents, were fabricated for the first time in literature. The MXene nanoplatelets were well-dispersed within the starch matrix while there was a tendency for the fillers to align in-plane, as revealed by polarized Raman spectroscopy. The produced nanocomposite films demonstrate remarkable effectiveness in blocking UV light, offering an additional valuable attribute in food packaging. The Young's modulus and tensile strength of starch films containing 0.75 wt% MXene increased from 439.9 and 11.0 MPa to 764.3 and 20.8 MPa, respectively. The introduction of 1 wt% MXene nanoplatelets reduced the water vapour permeability of starch films from 2.78 × 10-7 to 1.80 × 10-7 g/m h Pa due to the creation of highly tortuous paths for water molecules. Micromechanical theories were also implemented to understand further the reinforcing mechanisms in the biobased nanocomposites. The produced starch nanocomposites not only capitalize on the biodegradable and renewable nature of starch but also harness the unique properties of nanomaterials, paving the way for sustainable and high-performance packaging solutions that align with both consumer and environmental demands.

NK-cell-elicited gasdermin-D-dependent hepatocyte pyroptosis induces neutrophil extracellular traps that facilitate HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure-pyroptosis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: HBV infection is a major etiology of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). At present, the pattern and regulation of hepatocyte death during HBV-ACLF progression are still undefined. Evaluating the mode of cell death and its inducers will provide new insights for developing therapeutic strategies targeting cell death. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether and how immune landscapes trigger hepatocyte death and lead to the progression of HBV-related ACLF. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We identified that pyroptosis represented the main cell death pattern in the liver of patients with HBV-related ACLF. Deficiency of MHC-I in HBV-reactivated hepatocytes activated cytotoxic NK cells, which in turn operated in a perforin/granzyme-dependent manner to trigger GSDMD/caspase-8-dependent pyroptosis of hepatocytes. Neutrophils selectively accumulated in the pyroptotic liver, and HMGB1 derived from the pyroptotic liver constituted an important factor triggering the generation of pathogenic extracellular traps in neutrophils (NETs). Clinically, elevated plasma levels of myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes were a promising prognostic biomarker for HBV-related ACLF. More importantly, targeting GSDMD pyroptosis-HMGB1 release in the liver abrogates NETs that intercept the development of HBV-related ACLF. CONCLUSIONS: Studying the mechanisms that selectively modulate GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis, as well as its immune landscapes, will provide a novel strategy for restoring the liver function of patients with HBV-related ACLF.

Tertiary Lymphoid Structure-Associated B Cells Enhance CXCL13+CD103+CD8+ Tissue-Resident Memory T-Cell Response to Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Blockade in Cancer Immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) correlates with positive responses to immunotherapy in many solid malignancies, the mechanism by which TLS enhances antitumor immunity is not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying cross talk circuits between B cells and tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells within the TLS and to understand their role in the context of immunotherapy. METHODS: Immunostaining and H&E staining of TLS and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13)+ cluster of differentiation (CD)103+CD8+ Trm cells were performed on tumor sections from patients with gastric cancer (GC). The mechanism of communication between B cells and CXCL13+CD103+CD8+ Trm cells was determined in vitro and in vivo. The effect of CXCL13+CD103+CD8+ Trm cells in suppressing tumor growth was evaluated through anti-programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 therapy. RESULTS: The presence of TLS and CXCL13+CD103+CD8+ Trm cells in tumor tissues favored a superior response to anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with GC. Additionally, our research identified that activated B cells enhanced CXCL13 and granzyme B secretion by CD103+CD8+ Trm cells. Mechanistically, B cells facilitated the glycolysis of CD103+CD8+ Trm cells through the lymphotoxin-α/tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) axis, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway played a critical role in CD103+CD8+ Trm cells glycolysis during this process. Moreover, the presence of TLS and CXCL13+CD103+CD8+ Trm cells correlated with potent responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy in a TNFR2-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: This study further reveals a crucial role for cellular communication between TLS-associated B cell and CXCL13+CD103+CD8+ Trm cells in antitumor immunity, providing valuable insights into the potential use of the lymphotoxin-α/TNFR2 axis within CXCL13+CD103+CD8+ Trm cells for advancing immunotherapy strategies in GC.

New monoterpene phenol dimers from the fruits of Psoralea corylifolia.

Three new monoterpene phenol dimers, bisbakuchiols V-X (1-3), and two bakuchiol ethers (4 and 5), along with four known compounds (6-9) were isolated from the fruits of Psoralea corylifolia. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectral analysis. The absolute configurations of 1, 2, 4, and 5 were specified by quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra.

Elongation and Ligation-Mediated Differential Coding for Label-Free and Locus-Specific Analysis of 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine in DNA.

Oxidative DNA damage is closely associated with the occurrence of numerous human diseases and cancers. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) is the most prevalent form of DNA damage, and it has become not only an oxidative stress biomarker but also a new epigenetic-like biomarker. However, few approaches are available for the locus-specific detection of 8-oxoG because of the low abundance of 8-oxoG damage in DNA and the limited sensitivity of existing assays. Herein, we demonstrate the elongation and ligation-mediated differential coding for label-free and locus-specific analysis of 8-oxoG in DNA. This assay is very simple without the involvement of any specific labeled probes, complicated steps, and large sample consumption. The utilization of Bsu DNA polymerase can specifically initiate a single-base extension reaction to incorporate dATP into the opposite position of 8-oxoG, endowing this assay with excellent selectivity. The introduction of cascade amplification reaction significantly enhances the sensitivity. The proposed method can monitor 8-oxoG with a limit of detection of 8.21 × 10-19 M (0.82 aM), and it can identify as low as 0.001% 8-oxoG damage from a complex mixture with excessive undamaged DNAs. This method can be further applied to measure 8-oxoG levels in the genomic DNA of human cells under diverse oxidative stress, holding prospect potential in the dynamic monitoring of critical 8-oxoG sites, early clinical diagnosis, and gene damage-related biomedical research.

Simulation of particle deposition on solar photovoltaic panels based on a new critical capture velocity criterion.

Solar energy, as a clean energy source, is becoming increasingly important in the global energy mix. However, particle deposition on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) panels can significantly reduce their power generation efficiency. In this study, the collision-deposition behaviour between silica particles and the surface of PV modules is investigated. The impact process of 13 µm silica particles on the glass surface was recorded by using a high-speed digital camera at various incident velocities and angles. A particle dynamics model was developed to predict the critical capture velocity of particles at different incident angles. It was observed that the critical capture velocity of the particles decreases as the angle of incidence increases. Subsequently, a correlation equation was established between the incident angle and the critical capture velocity, serving as the deposition criterion. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation was employed to simulate particle deposition on PV surfaces under different wind speeds and installation tilting angles. The simulation results demonstrate that the mass of 13 µm silica particles deposited on the surface of PV panels decreases with increasing wind speed. Moreover, under identical inlet wind speeds, the particle deposition mass exhibits an initial decrease followed by a subsequent increase as the installation tilt angle of the PV panel increases. The distribution pattern of particle deposition on PV panel surfaces is diverse; however, predominantly concentrated at the mid-bottom region.

Exploring the potential biological function of GRK2 in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with high morbidity and mortality. There is growing evidence that GRK2 plays a key role in the development and progression of several human cancers. However, the role and potential mechanisms of GRK2 in colon cancer (COAD) are unclear. METHODS: The expression data of GRK2 was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Variation in GRK2 was explored based on the cBioPortal database. The TIMER and TISCH2 databases were used to analyse the relationship between GRK2 expression and tumor immune microenvironment (TME). A log-rank test was used to compare the prognosis of high and low expression of GRK2 groups. Detecting the effect of GRK2 on cell cycle and apoptosis induced by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) through the flow cytometry and detection of apoptosis-related molecules by Western blot. RESULTS: We demonstrated that GRK2 has a potential oncogenic role. GRK2 expression was upregulated in COAD, which predicted poorer overall survival in COAD patients. The cellular assays showed that GRK2 plays a role in the growth and proliferation of colon cancer cells, also the expression of GRK2 have relationship with the sensitivity of 5-FU and cell cycle progression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that high GRK2 expression is closely associated with the development of tumor and affects the 5-FU sensitivity.