RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) on hyperoxia-induced mitochondrial injury in BEAS-2B cells. METHODS: The experiment was divided into three parts. In the first part, cells were divided into H0, H6, H12, H24, and H48 groups. In the second part, cells were divided into control group, H48 group, H48 hyperoxia+SIRT1 inhibitor group (H48+EX 527 group), and H48 hyperoxia+SIRT1 agonist group (H48+SRT1720 group). In the third part, cells were divided into control group, 48-hour hyperoxia+N-acetylcysteine group (H48+NAC group), and H48 group. The ROS kit was used to measure the level of ROS. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were used to measure the expression levels of SIRT1 and mitochondria-related proteins. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of mitochondria. RESULTS: Compared with the H0 group, the H6, H12, H24, and H48 groups had a significantly increased fluorescence intensity of ROS (P<0.05), the H48 group had significant reductions in the expression levels of SIRT1 protein and mitochondria-related proteins (P<0.05), and the H24 and H48 groups had a significant reduction in the fluorescence intensity of mitochondria-related proteins (P<0.05). Compared with the H48 group, the H48+SRT1720 group had significant increases in the expression levels of mitochondria-related proteins and the mitochondrial aspect ratio (P<0.05), and the H48+EX 527 group had a significant reduction in the mitochondrial area (P<0.05). Compared with the H48 group, the H48+NAC group had a significantly decreased fluorescence intensity of ROS (P<0.05) and significantly increased levels of SIRT1 protein, mitochondria-related proteins, mitochondrial area, and mitochondrial aspect ratio (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The ROS/SIRT1 axis is involved in hyperoxia-induced mitochondrial injury in BEAS-2B cells.
Asunto(s)
Bronquios , Células Epiteliales , Hiperoxia , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Sirtuina 1 , Sirtuina 1/metabolismo , Sirtuina 1/fisiología , Sirtuina 1/genética , Humanos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Hiperoxia/complicaciones , Hiperoxia/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Bronquios/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Línea CelularRESUMEN
Long-term application of green manure (GM) and nitrogen (N) fertilizers markedly improved soil fertility and boosted rice yield in ecologically fragile karst paddy fields. However, the precise response mechanisms of the soil bacterial community to varying amounts of green manure alone and in combination with N fertilizer in such environments remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we investigated the soil bacterial communities, keystone taxa, and their relationship with soil environmental variables across eight fertilization treatments. These treatments included group without N addition (N0M0, no N fertilizer and no GM; N0M22.5, 22.5 t/ha GM; N0M45, 45 t/ha GM, N0M67.5, 67.5 t/ha GM) and group with N addition (NM0, N fertilizer and no GM; NM22.5, N fertilizer and 22.5 t/ha GM; NM45, N fertilizer and 45 t/ha GM; NM67.5, N fertilizer and 67.5 t/ha GM). The results revealed that increasing green manure input significantly boosted rice yield by 15.51-22.08% and 21.84-35% in both the group without and with N addition, respectively, compared to N0M0 treatment. Moreover, with escalating green manure input, soil TN, AN, AK, and AP showed an increasing trend in the group without N addition. However, following the addition of N fertilizer, TN and AN content initially rose, followed by a decline due to the enhanced nutrient availability for rice. Furthermore, the application of a large amount of N fertilizer decreased the C: N ratio in the soil, resulting in significant changes in both the soil microbial community and its function. Particularly noteworthy was the transition of keystone taxa from their original roles as N-fixing and carbon-degrading groups (oligotrophs) to roles in carbon degradation (copiotrophs), nitrification, and denitrification. This shift in soil community and function might serve as a primary factor contributing to enhanced nutrient utilization efficiency in rice, thus significantly promoting rice yield.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias , Fertilizantes , Estiércol , Nitrógeno , Oryza , Microbiología del Suelo , Oryza/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fertilizantes/análisis , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismo , Suelo/química , Agricultura/métodos , MicrobiotaRESUMEN
Accurate three-dimensional (3D) localization within indoor environments is crucial for enhancing item-based application services, yet current systems often struggle with localization accuracy and height estimation. This study introduces an advanced 3D localization system that integrates updated ultra-wideband (UWB) sensors and dual barometric pressure (BMP) sensors. Utilizing three fixed UWB anchors, the system employs geometric modeling and Kalman filtering for precise tag 3D spatial localization. Building on our previous research on indoor height measurement with dual BMP sensors, the proposed system demonstrates significant improvements in data processing speed and stability. Our enhancements include a new geometric localization model and an optimized Kalman filtering algorithm, which are validated by a high-precision motion capture system. The results show that the localization error is significantly reduced, with height accuracy of approximately ±0.05 m, and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the 3D localization system reaches 0.0740 m. The system offers expanded locatable space and faster data output rates, delivering reliable performance that supports advanced applications requiring detailed 3D indoor localization.
RESUMEN
Laser bending is a kind of cumulative forming technology and bending efficiency is one of its most important indexes. This study investigates the bending behavior and the microstructure of DP980 steel plates under different laser scanning strategies, using an IPG laser system. Two sets of experiments varied the accumulated line energy density (AED) by altering the laser scanning velocity and number of scans. The results show that, for the single laser scanning process, the bending angle of the plate increases with AED, due to a larger temperature gradient through the thickness direction; however, this relationship is nonlinear. A higher AED led to a sharper initial increase in bending angle, which then plateaued. Under the same AED conditions, the bending angle of the plate undergoing multiple laser scans increases by at least 26% compared to the single one, due to the microstructure changes. It is revealed that the bending efficiency is affected by both the AED and the resultant microstructure evolution in the DP980 steel. Higher AED values and appropriate peak temperatures facilitate better bending behavior due to the formation of uniform martensite and grain refinement. Conversely, excessive peak temperatures can hinder bending due to grain growth.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in hyperoxia-mediated oxidative stress by observing the relationship between AhR and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after oxygen exposure in premature infants. METHODS: After 48 h of oxygen inhalation at different concentrations, discarded peripheral blood was collected to separate PBMCs and plasma. ROS were labeled with MitoSOXTM Red and detected by fluorescence microscopy in PBMCs. The level of MDA in plasma was detected by thiobarbituric acid colorimetry, the level of MCP-1 in plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the localization of AhR was detected by immunofluorescence, and the level of AhR expression in PBMCs was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: As the volume fraction of inspired oxygen increased, compared with those in the air control group, the levels of ROS, MDA in plasma, and MCP-1 in plasma increased gradually in the low concentration oxygen group, medium concentration oxygen group and high concentration oxygen group. The cytoplasm-nuclear translocation rate of AhR gradually increased, and the expression level of AhR gradually decreased. The levels of ROS in PBMCs, MDA in the plasma and MCP-1 in the plasma of premature infants were positively correlated with the cytoplasm-nuclear translocation rate of AhR but negatively correlated with the level of AhR expression. CONCLUSION: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is regulated by hyperoxia in premature infants.
Asunto(s)
Hiperoxia , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Receptores de Hidrocarburo de Aril , Humanos , Receptores de Hidrocarburo de Aril/metabolismo , Hiperoxia/metabolismo , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro/sangre , Recien Nacido Prematuro/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Oxígeno/sangre , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice BásicoRESUMEN
Recent studies have suggested that dogs were domesticated during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Siberia, which contrasts with previous proposed domestication centers (e.g. Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia). Ancient DNA provides a powerful resource for the study of mammalian evolution and has been widely used to understand the genetic history of domestic animals. To understand the maternal genetic history of East Asian dogs, we have made a complete mitogenome dataset of 120 East Asian canids from 38 archaeological sites, including 102 newly sequenced from 12.9 to 1â ka BP (1,000â years before present). The majority (112/119, 94.12%) belonged to haplogroup A, and half of these (55/112, 49.11%) belonged to sub-haplogroup A1b. Most existing mitochondrial haplogroups were present in ancient East Asian dogs. However, mitochondrial lineages in ancient northern dogs (northeastern Eurasia and northern East Asia) were deeper and older than those in southern East Asian dogs. Results suggests that East Asian dogs originated from northeastern Eurasian populations after the LGM, dispersing in two possible directions after domestication. Western Eurasian (Europe and the Middle East) dog maternal ancestries genetically influenced East Asian dogs from approximately 4â ka BP, dramatically increasing after 3â ka BP, and afterwards largely replaced most primary maternal lineages in northern East Asia. Additionally, at least three major mitogenome sub-haplogroups of haplogroup A (A1a, A1b, and A3) reveal at least two major dispersal waves onto the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in ancient times, indicating eastern (A1b and A3) and western (A1a) Eurasian origins.
Asunto(s)
Genoma Mitocondrial , Animales , Perros , Animales Domésticos/genética , Asia Oriental , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Variación Genética , Haplotipos , Mamíferos/genética , FilogeniaRESUMEN
The challenge of precise dynamic positioning for mobile robots is addressed through the development of a multi-inertial navigation system (M-INSs). The inherent cumulative sensor errors prevalent in traditional single inertial navigation systems (INSs) under dynamic conditions are mitigated by a novel algorithm, integrating multiple INS units in a predefined planar configuration, utilizing fixed distances between the units as invariant constraints. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to significantly enhance the positioning accuracy. Dynamic experimental validation of the proposed 3INS EKF algorithm reveals a marked improvement over individual INS units, with the positioning errors reduced and stability increased, resulting in an average accuracy enhancement rate exceeding 60%. This advancement is particularly critical for mobile robot applications that demand high precision, such as autonomous driving and disaster search and rescue. The findings from this study not only demonstrate the potential of M-INSs to improve dynamic positioning accuracy but also to provide a new research direction for future advancements in robotic navigation systems.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the relationship between gut microbiota and neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers based on the gut-kidney axis. STUDY DESIGN: The Pubmed database was primarily searched to include relevant literature on gut microbiota and neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers, which was subsequently organized and analyzed and a manuscript was written. RESULTS: Gut microbiota was associated with neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers. These biomarkers included TIMP-2, IGFBP-7, VEGF, calbindin, GST, B2MG, ghrelin, and clusterin. CONCLUSION: The gut microbiota is strongly associated with neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers, and controlling the gut microbiota may be a potential target for ameliorating neonatal acute kidney injury. KEY POINTS: · There is a bidirectional association between gut microbiota and AKI.. · Gut microbiota is closely associated with biomarkers of nAKI.. · Manipulation of gut microbiota may improve nAKI..
RESUMEN
Acute kidney injury is one of the most threatening diseases in neonates, with complex pathogenesis and limited treatment options. Caffeine is a commonly used central nervous system stimulant for treating apnea in preterm infants. There is compelling evidence that caffeine may have potential benefits for preventing neonatal acute kidney injury, but comprehensive reports are lacking in this area. Hence, this review aims to provide a summary of clinical data on the potential benefits of caffeine in improving neonatal acute kidney injury. Additionally, it delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying caffeine's effects on acute kidney injury, with a focus on various aspects such as oxidative stress, adenosine receptors, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammasome, autophagy, p53, and gut microbiota. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide information for healthcare professionals regarding the link between caffeine and neonatal acute kidney injury and to identify gaps in our current understanding.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Cafeína/efectos adversos , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/efectos adversos , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Renal Aguda/prevención & control , Lesión Renal Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , MotivaciónRESUMEN
Background: Current evidence shows that systemic dexamethasone administration starting after the first week of age reduces bronchopulmonary dysplasia for very preterm (VPT) infants, but its neurological effects remain obscure. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), we assessed the changes in functional network connectivity (FNC) in very preterm infants treated with late systemic dexamethasone (≥7 days of age). Methods: VPT infants (GA ≤ 32 weeks) who needed to rely on mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days but fewer than 14 days to maintain vital signs were included in the study. The cohort was divided into two groups according to whether they were given systemic dexamethasone. In addition, 26 healthy term infants were recruited as controls. At term-equivalent age (TEA), rs-fMRI and 3D-T1 data from eligible infants were acquired with a 3.0-T MRI scanner. After the MRI data were preprocessed, group-level independent component analysis (ICA), a technique used for blind source separation, was used to identify the components of resting-state networks (RSNs). Then, the functional connectivity between components and RSNs was compared among different groups. Upon follow-up at 3 months of corrected age, the neurodevelopmental outcomes of enrolled infants were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Chinese Revision (BSID-CR), and the Motor Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) were measured. Finally, the correlations between resting-state FNC and BSID scores were analysed. Results: Ultimately, 59 infants were included in the final analysis, including 19 preterm infants who received dexamethasone, 20 who did not, and 20 healthy term infants as controls. Based on their data, 11 components were identified, belonging to 5 RSNs: the visual network (VN), the dorsal attention network (DAN), the auditory network (AN), the primary sensorimotor network (SMN), and the default-mode network (DMN). Compared with the term infants, the preterm infants showed significantly weakened functional connectivity between the DAN and VN, as well as the VN and AN (P < 0.05). Among preterm infants, those who were given dexamethasone showed significantly stronger functional connectivity between the DAN and VN, as well as the DMN and AN (P < 0.05), than those who were not. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the connectivity values between the DAN and VN and between the VN and AN were positively correlated with the MDI (r = 0.432, Pï¼0.001, and r = 0.479, Pï¼0.001, respectively) and the PDI (r = 0.436, Pï¼0.001 and r = 0.516, Pï¼0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Our investigation uncovers a noteworthy link between the administration of late systemic dexamethasone (≥7 days of age) in VPT infants and distinct improvements in FNC. Furthermore, the observed positive correlation between inter-network connectivity and scores on the BSID-CR implies a plausible neuroprotective aspect of this therapeutic approach in this specific group of children.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of premature infants, to demonstrate the protective role of AhR against hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress in premature infants and to provide a rational basis for the use of omeprazole (OM) as a new treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS: From January 2021 to June 2021, 1-3 ml of discarded peripheral blood was collected from premature infants of gestational age less than 32 weeks who were not taking inhaled oxygen and were admitted to the Department of Neonatology of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Using a random number table, the PBMCs were randomly assigned to each of the following groups: the control group, air + OM group, hyperoxia group, and hyperoxia + OM group. After 48 h of in vitro modeling and culture, PBMCs and the culture medium of each group were collected. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to examine ROS levels in PBMCs. A full-spectrum spectrophotometer was used to examine malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the culture medium. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) levels in culture medium. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to examine the intracellular localization of AhR. Western blotting was used to examine the expression level of AhR in PBMCs. RESULTS: Compared with those in the control group, the levels of ROS, MDA, and MCP-1 and the cytoplasm-nuclear translocation rate of AhR in the air + OM group did not change significantly (p > 0.05), but the expression level of AhR increased significantly (p < 0.05). The levels of ROS, MDA, and MCP-1 and the cytoplasm-nuclear translocation rate of AhR significantly increased in the hyperoxia group (p < 0.05), and the expression level of AhR was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Compared with those in the hyperoxia group, the levels of ROS, MDA, and MCP-1 in the hyperoxia + OM group were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and the cytoplasm-nuclear translocation rate of AhR and the expression level of AhR were significantly increased (p < 0.05), but did not reach the level of the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: OM can activate AhR to inhibit hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress in the PBMCs from premature infants.
Asunto(s)
Hiperoxia , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Hiperoxia/complicaciones , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Omeprazol/farmacología , Omeprazol/uso terapéutico , Receptores de Hidrocarburo de Aril/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Estrés Oxidativo , Pulmón/metabolismoRESUMEN
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS), a Gram-positive coccal bacterium, poses a significant global disease burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Its manifestations can range from pharyngitis and skin infection to severe and aggressive diseases, such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. At present, although GAS is still sensitive to penicillin, there are cases of treatment failure for GAS pharyngitis, and antibiotic therapy does not universally prevent subsequent disease. In addition to strengthening global molecular epidemiological surveillance and monitoring of antibiotic resistance, developing a safe and effective licensed vaccine against GAS would be the most effective way to broadly address GAS-related diseases. Over the past decades, the development of GAS vaccines has been stalled, mainly because of the wide genetic heterogeneity of GAS and the diverse autoimmune responses to GAS. With outbreaks of scarlet fever in various countries in recent years, accelerating the development of a safe and effective vaccine remains a high priority. When developing a GAS vaccine, many factors need to be considered, including the selection of antigen epitopes, avoidance of self-response, and vaccine coverage. Given the challenges in GAS vaccine development, this review describes the important virulence factors that induce disease by GAS infection and how this has influenced the progression of vaccine development efforts, focusing on several candidate vaccines that are further along in development.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of cerebral regional oxygen saturation (crSO2) values, measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in assessing pain associated with the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in premature infants. METHODS: NIRS was used to measure the crSO2 levels of 48 premature infants with gestational age (GA) of < 32 weeks or a birth weight of < 1500 g. Premature infant pain profile (PIPP) scores, vital signs, transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcpO2), transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (TcpCO2), and crSO2 values were monitored. One-way repeated measure analysis of variance was used to compare heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure (BP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), TcpO2, TcpCO2, and crSO2 values before (Time 1), during (Time 2), and after (Time 3) PICC insertion. The correlation between the PIPP scores at Time 2 and the fluctuations (values detected at Time 2 minus those at Time 1) of SpO2, TcpO2, and crSO2 were also analyzed. RESULTS: The PIPP score at Time 2 was significantly higher than those at Times 1 and 3. HR, RR, and BP values increased (p < .05), and SpO2 and crSO2 levels decreased at Time 2 (p < .05) compared with those at Time 1. Stratified analysis based on GA revealed significant differences in HR, RR, and crSO2 values between Times 1 and 2 in infants with a GA of ≥ 32 weeks. In infants with a GA < 32 weeks, significant differences were observed in HR, RR, SpO2, BP, and crSO2 values between Times 1 and 2. The fluctuation of the crSO2 level was strongly correlated with the PIPP score at Time 2 (r = -0.829, p < .001). A weak correlation was observed between the PIPP score at Time 2 and TcpO2 level fluctuation (r = 0.375, p = .009). No correlation was observed between the PIPP score at Time 2 and SpO2 level fluctuation (r = 0.242, p = .097). CONCLUSION: The fluctuation of crSO2 levels strongly correlates with PICC procedural pain. Hence, crSO2 levels measured using NIRS may be used as an indicator for pain assessment in premature infants.
Asunto(s)
Recien Nacido Prematuro , Oxígeno , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Humanos , Dolor/etiología , Peso al Nacer , Edad GestacionalRESUMEN
In order to improve the positioning accuracy of shearers, the overground experimental device based on the positioning model of TINS (Triple Inertial Navigation System) was built. The influence of TINS installation parameters on positioning accuracy was discussed through two sets of experiments: the inter-INS (Inertial Navigation System) distances influence experiments and the tri-INS plane spatial position influence experiments. The results show that the positioning accuracy of the shearer is improved to a different extent under the two sets of experimental conditions. When the inter-INS distances are 0.2 m, the positioning accuracy is the highest and the positioning accuracy improvement effect is also the best. When the negative plane α3 is 45°, the positioning accuracy is the highest, and the positioning accuracy improvement effect is also the best. The analysis shows that the main factor affecting the positioning accuracy is the precision of the evaluated values outputs of TINS from EKF (Extended Kalman Filter). Considering the positioning accuracy, equipment installation convenience and so on, the optimum installation parameters are 90° (horizontal installation) α3 for the positive plane and 0.2 m inter-INS distances.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease in premature infants with alveolar simplification and pulmonary vascular development disorder as the main pathological feature and hyperoxia as the main etiology. Autophagy is a highly conserved cytological behavior of self-degrading cellular components and is accompanied by oxidative stress. Studies have reported that autophagy is regulated by FOXO1 posttranslational modification. However, whether autophagy can be involved in the regulation of endothelial cell injury induced by hyperoxia and its mechanism are still unclear. STUDY DESIGN: We have activated and inhibited autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under hyperoxia and verified the role of autophagy in endothelial cell-related functions from both positive and negative aspects. RESULTS: Our research showed that the expression level of autophagy-related proteins decreased, accompanied by decreased cell migration ability and tube formation ability and increased cell reactive oxygen species level and cell permeability under hyperoxia conditions. Using an autophagy agonist alleviated hyperoxia-induced changes and played a protective role. However, inhibition of autophagy aggravated the cell damage induced by hyperoxia. Moreover, the decrease in autophagy proteins was accompanied by the upregulation of FOXO1 phosphorylation and acetylation. CONCLUSION: We concluded that autophagy was a protective mechanism against endothelial cell injury caused by hyperoxia. Autophagy might participate in this process by coregulating posttranslational modifications of FOXO1. KEY POINTS: · Hyperoxia induces vascular endothelial cell injury.. · Autophagy may has a protective role under hyperoxia conditions.. · FOXO1 posttranslational modification may be involved in the regulation of autophagy..
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Neonatal hyperoxic brain injury is caused by exposure to hyperphysiological oxygen content during the period of incomplete development of the oxidative stress defence system, resulting in a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causing damage to brain tissue. Mitochondrial biogenesis refers to the synthesis of new mitochondria from existing mitochondria, mostly through the PGC-1α/Nrfs/TFAM signalling pathway. Resveratrol (Res), a silencing information regulator 2-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) agonist, has been shown to upregulate the level of Sirt1 and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). We speculate that Res has a protective effect on hyperoxia-induced brain injury through mitochondrial biogenesis. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) pups were randomly divided into the nonhyperoxia (NN) group, the nonhyperoxia with dimethyl sulfoxide (ND) group, the nonhyperoxia with Res (NR) group, the hyperoxia (HN) group, the hyperoxia with dimethyl sulfoxide (HD) group, and the hyperoxia with Res (HR) group within 12 h after birth. The HN, HD, and HR groups were placed in a high-oxygen environment (80â85%), and the other three groups were placed in the standard atmosphere. The NR and HR groups were given 60 mg/kg Res every day, the ND and HD groups were given the same dose of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) every day, and the NN and HN groups were given the same dose of normal saline every day. On postnatal day (PN) 1, PN7, and PN14, brain samples were acquired for HE staining to assess pathology, TUNEL to detect apoptosis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting to detect the expression levels of Sirt1, PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in brain tissue. RESULTS: Hyperoxia induced brain tissue injury; increased brain tissue apoptosis; inhibited Sirt1, PGC-1α, Nrf1, Nrf2, TFAM mRNA expression in mitochondria; diminished the ND1 copy number and ND4/ND1 ratio; and decreased Sirt1, PGC-1α, Nrf1, Nrf2, and TFAM protein levels in the brain. In contrast, Res reduced brain injury and attenuated brain tissue apoptosis in neonatal pups and increased the levels of the corresponding indices. CONCLUSION: Res has a protective effect on hyperoxia-induced brain injury in neonatal SD pups by upregulating Sirt1 and stimulating the PGC-1α/Nrfs/TFAM signalling pathway for mitochondrial biogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones Encefálicas , Hiperoxia , Humanos , Resveratrol/farmacología , Sirtuina 1/metabolismo , Biogénesis de Organelos , Hiperoxia/complicaciones , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Dimetilsulfóxido , Lesiones Encefálicas/etiología , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Coactivador 1-alfa del Receptor Activado por Proliferadores de Peroxisomas gamma/genética , Coactivador 1-alfa del Receptor Activado por Proliferadores de Peroxisomas gamma/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: After the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China, it was more frequent to have long interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) and advanced maternal age. However, the interactions between long IPIs and advanced maternal age on neonatal outcomes are unknown. METHODS: The study subjects of this historical cohort study were multiparas with singleton live births between October 1st, 2015, and October 31st, 2020. IPI was defined as the interval between delivery and conception of the subsequent pregnancy. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the risks of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), small for gestation age, and 1-min Apgar score ≤ 7 in different IPI groups. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was used to evaluate the additive interaction between long IPIs and advanced maternal age. RESULTS: Compared with the 24 ≤ IPI ≤ 59 months group, the long IPI group (IPI ≥ 60 months) was associated with a higher risk of PTB (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07-1.50), LBW (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.61), and one-minute Apgar score ≤ 7 (aOR, 1.46; 95% CI 1.07-1.98). Negative additive interactions (all RERIs < 0) existed between long IPIs and advanced maternal age for these neonatal outcomes. Meanwhile, IPI < 12 months was also associated with PTB (aOR, 1.51; 95% CI 1.13-2.01), LBW (aOR, 1.50; 95% CI 1.09-2.07), and 1-min Apgar score ≤ 7 (aOR, 1.93; 95% CI 1.23-3.04). CONCLUSIONS: Both short and long IPIs are associated with an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. Appropriate IPI should be recommended to women planning to become pregnant again. In addition, better antenatal care might be taken to balance the inferiority of advanced maternal age and to improve neonatal outcomes.
RESUMEN
One of the most frequent issues in newborns is acute kidney injury (AKI), which can lengthen their hospital stay or potentially raise their chance of dying. The gut-kidney axis establishes a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and kidney illness, particularly AKI, and demonstrates the importance of gut microbiota to host health. Since the ability to predict neonatal AKI using blood creatinine and urine output as evaluation parameters is somewhat constrained, a number of interesting biomarkers have been developed. There are few in-depth studies on the relationships between these neonatal AKI indicators and gut microbiota. In order to gain fresh insights into the gut-kidney axis of neonatal AKI, this review is based on the gut-kidney axis and describes relationships between gut microbiota and neonatal AKI biomarkers.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Riñón , Biomarcadores , CreatininaRESUMEN
The rapid rise of tourism in the karst regions has promoted the development of the local economy by relying on the unique landforms and landscapes. However, tourism development is often accompanied by land use changes and has an impact on the ecological environment. Exploring the coupling relationship between "tourism development-land use-landscape pattern" is very important for ecologically fragile karst areas. Taking the Yulong River Basin as an example, this research applied 3S technology, spatial analysis based on POIs, and regression analysis to the following: (1) identifying the process and effects of land use change, (2) determining the spatial pattern of tourism land and its correlation with land use change, (3) determining the characteristics and impacts of landscape pattern evolution. As the results suggested: (1) The significant expansion of construction land occupies a large amount of farmland, there is a balanced relationship between farmland and forest land for mutual conversion. (2) The aggregation of tourist land is affected by the trend of tourist behavior and the distribution of scenic spots. There is a significant moderate positive correlation between tourism land and construction land. (3) With the land use change, landscape heterogeneity has improved, but landscape fragmentation is serious and landscape connectivity is reduced. This research provides new evidences for the effect of the rapid development of tourism on land use change and ecological environment and as a reference to future orderly and moderate land development and ecological sustainability in karst regions.
Asunto(s)
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Turismo , Bosques , China , Ríos , EcosistemaRESUMEN
In order to expand the high added value of waste chilli stems and the recycling of green resources, cellulose in chilli stems was extracted by nitric acid-ethanol method, and nanocellulose was prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method. The results showed that the cellulose content was between 15% and 34.5%. Under the optimum experimental conditions of 60% sulfuric acid concentration, 60°C reaction temperature and 120 min reaction time, the average yield of nanocellulose was 36.42% ±1.36%. Prepared cellulose and nanocellulose had been characterized using scanning electron microscopy, fourier-transform infrared, and x-ray diffraction analysis. The research indicated that the biscuits with acceptable overall quality could be prepared by using the dosage of nanocellulose (7%), and the corresponding biscuits had regular appearance and relatively smooth surface. The total dietary fiber content was positively correlated with different nanocellulose content. Through mice experiments, it was found that the consumption of biscuits containing nanocellulose could significantly reduce the food intake of mice and inhibit the weight growth of mice. Therefore, the research showed that whole wheat biscuits with nanocellulose could be regarded as food rich in dietary fiber. These results provided a basis for exploring the green resource recycling of chilli stems in food processing.