Situación actual de la investigación sobre las condiciones de vida y el estado de salud de las personas mayores en España / Current situation of the research on living conditions and health status of elderly people in Spain

OBJETIVO: Analizar las dimensiones estudiadas en la investigación sobre las condiciones de vida y salud de las personas mayores no institucionalizadas en la literatura científica en el medio español. MÉTODO: Análisis de contenidos basado en fuentes secundarias, realizado mediante búsquedas bibliográficas de documentos en Pubmed y Embase en castellano y en inglés. La estrategia de búsqueda combinó términos o categorías relacionados con personas mayores, condiciones de vida y/o salud y España. Se incluyeron los estudios que evaluasen condiciones de vida y/o salud de las personas mayores en España. Se excluyeron los que analizaban un aspecto concreto de las condiciones de vida o salud y los que incluían o se centraban en la población institucionalizada. RESULTADOS: Para el análisis de contenidos se consideró un total de 14 estudios y/o informes como relevantes. Los trabajos localizados son habitualmente de ámbito local, de tipo transversal y la recogida de datos se realiza mediante entrevista al individuo. Se observó variabilidad en los aspectos analizados sobre las condiciones de vida y salud de las personas mayores. La valoración de las características sociodemográficas, el estado de salud y los hábitos de vida se estudiaron de forma habitual. Los aspectos relacionados con el estado del entorno de la vivienda fueron escasamente analizados. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio permite conocer las dimensiones priorizadas en los estudios sobre condiciones de vida y salud realizados hasta el momento actual en el medio español. Además, aporta claves para el desarrollo de investigaciones futuras que articulen de manera integrada las condiciones de vida y el estado de salud de las personas mayores, aspectos estrechamente relacionados

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the dimensions studied with respect to living and health conditions of the non-institutionalised elderly in the scientific literature in Spain. Method: A content analysis based on secondary sources was carried out by literature searches in Pubmed and Embase in Spanish and English. The search strategies combined terms related to older people, health and/or living conditions and with Spain. All studies assessing living and/or health conditions of elderly in Spain were included. Studies analyzing a specific aspect of living or health conditions and those based on institutionalized population were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies were considered in the content analysis. The studies are usually local, cross-sectional and data collection is done by direct interview. Variability was observed in the aspects analysed about living and health conditions. All studies included: sociodemographic characteristics, health status and lifestyle habits. Issues related to the status of the out-of home environment are poorly analysed. CONCLUSIONS: This work allows knowing the dimensions prioritised in the studies carried out to date about health and living conditions in Spain. It also provides key elements for the development of future research aiming to integrate both living and health conditions of elderly population, both aspects closely related

[Current situation of the research on living conditions and health status of elderly people in Spain]. / Situación actual de la investigación sobre las condiciones de vida y el estado de salud de las personas mayores en España.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the dimensions studied with respect to living and health conditions of the non-institutionalised elderly in the scientific literature in Spain. METHOD: A content analysis based on secondary sources was carried out by literature searches in Pubmed and Embase in Spanish and English. The search strategies combined terms related to older people, health and/or living conditions and with Spain. All studies assessing living and/or health conditions of elderly in Spain were included. Studies analyzing a specific aspect of living or health conditions and those based on institutionalized population were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies were considered in the content analysis. The studies are usually local, cross-sectional and data collection is done by direct interview. Variability was observed in the aspects analysed about living and health conditions. All studies included: sociodemographic characteristics, health status and lifestyle habits. Issues related to the status of the out-of home environment are poorly analysed. CONCLUSIONS: This work allows knowing the dimensions prioritised in the studies carried out to date about health and living conditions in Spain. It also provides key elements for the development of future research aiming to integrate both living and health conditions of elderly population, both aspects closely related.

Cumplimiento de los indicadores NAOS en los menús escolares de Gipuzkoa. Curso 2011/2012 / NAOS strategy's indicators observance by Gipuzkoa's school menus: Course 2011-2012

Fundamentos: las políticas dirigidas a prevenir la obesidad recomiendan una alimentación saludable y equilibrada. Objetivo: valorar el seguimiento de las recomendaciones de la Estrategia NAOS, en los menús ofertados a la población de 3 a 16 años en los centros escolares del Territorio de Gipuzkoa. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en el curso 2011-2012 sobre una muestra de 80 centros, a partir de las hojas de los menús escolares que se distribuyen a los padres. Resultados: Todos los comedores incluyen semanalmente una ración de legumbres y pescado. En el 100% de los centros públicos y en el 97% de los privados no se sirve más de una ración semanal de platos precocinados. El 98% de centros públicos y el 17% de los privados ofrecen 4 raciones semanales de verduras y hortalizas. El 85% de los centros ofrecía como máximo 3 piezas de fruta por semana. Conclusiones: de forma general los menús cumplen los indicadores recomendados por la Estrategia NAOS para prevenir la obesidad, exceptuando la fruta, que en el 100% de los menús incumplen el indicador NAOS y no alcanza las 4piezas semanales. Es necesario impulsar el consumo de fruta fresca en los menús escolares

Fundamentals: Policies aimed at preventing obesity advisea healthy and balanced eating. Goal: NAOS Strategy compliance assessment on menus offered to 3-16 years old pupils in Gipuzkoa. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted during 2011-2012 on a sample of 80 schools, from school menus distributed to parents of schoolchildren who use the school canteen. Results: all canteens include a weekly portion of vegetables and fish. In most cases no more than one portion of ready-to-eat meals is served per week. 98% of public schools and 17% of private schools offer 4 portions of vegetables per week.85% of centres offer a maximum of 3 pieces of fruit perweek. Conclusions: in general, menus meet the NAOS recommendations strategy to prevent the obesity but in case fruit. 100% of the schools do not fulfil the suggested 4 pieces offresh fruit per week recommended. It is convenient to foster fresh fruit inclusion in school menus

Dietary intake of different types and characteristics of processed meat which might be associated with cancer risk--results from the 24-hour diet recalls in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).

OBJECTIVE: There is increasing evidence for a significant effect of processed meat (PM) intake on cancer risk. However, refined knowledge on how components of this heterogeneous food group are associated with cancer risk is still missing. Here, actual data on the intake of PM subcategories is given; within a food-based approach we considered preservation methods, cooking methods and nutrient content for stratification, in order to address most of the aetiologically relevant hypotheses. DESIGN AND SETTING: Standardised computerised 24-hour diet recall interviews were collected within the framework of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a prospective cohort study in 27 centres across 10 European countries. SUBJECTS: Subjects were 22,924 women and 13,031 men aged 35-74 years. RESULTS: Except for the so-called 'health-conscious' cohort in the UK, energy-adjusted total PM intake ranged between 11.1 and 47.9 g day(-1) in women and 18.8 and 88.5 g day(-1) in men. Ham, salami-type sausages and heated sausages contributed most to the overall PM intake. The intake of cured (addition of nitrate/nitrite) PM was highest in the German, Dutch and northern European EPIC centres, with up to 68.8 g day(-1) in men. The same was true for smoked PM (up to 51.8 g day(-1)). However, due to the different manufacturing practice, the highest average intake of NaNO2 through PM consumption was found for the Spanish centres (5.4 mg day(-1) in men) as compared with German and British centres. Spanish centres also showed the highest intake of NaCl-rich types of PM; most cholesterol- and iron-rich PM was consumed in central and northern European centres. Possibly hazardous cooking methods were more often used for PM preparation in central and northern European centres. CONCLUSIONS: We applied a food-based categorisation of PM that addresses aetiologically relevant mechanisms for cancer development and found distinct differences in dietary intake of these categories of PM across European cohorts. This predisposes EPIC to further investigate the role of PM in cancer aetiology.