A 13- year- old patient with acute cerebral nocardiosis: Case report and review. / 13-letnia pacjentka z ostra nokardioza mózgu ­ opis przypadku i omówienie choroby.

Cerebral nocardiosis is an extremely rare and serious disease that mainly affects immunocompromised adults. Due to the non-specific clinical symptoms and difficult and long diagnostics, the diagnosis is often made late, often resulting in serious complications and patient's death. The case report presented below concerns a young patient whose complete recovery was achieved thanks to an accurate diagnosis and quick initiation of targeted treatment. The study aimed to present a rare infectious disease, drawing attention to the value of bacterioscopic examination and the special need for cooperation between a clinician, a microbiologist and a radiologist.

Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Contained in Gut Microbiota as a Primary Source of Sepsis in Low- and Very Low Birth Weight Neonates.

BACKGROUND: There are only a few reports in the literature about translocation of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) as a primary cause of sepsis in neonates, although CoNS are among a short list of "translocating" bacteria when present in abundance. METHODS: 468 blood samples, 119 stool samples, and 8 catheter tips, from 311 neonates, were tested for presence of microorganisms. CoNS strains isolated from the blood and stool or from blood and catheter tip of the same newborn at approximately the same time were paired and typed with PFGE (Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis) method. The strains were then tested for the presence of adherence genes and biofilm formation. RESULTS: The strains with identical PFGE profiles in comparison to those with non-identical profiles differed in terms of the pattern of the virulence genes and showed a lack of the genes related to adherence, but more often presence of IS256, which is related to virulence. They also were phenotypically unable to adhere to intestinal Caco2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable proportion of CoNS strains isolated from bloodstream of VLBW/LWB neonates was identical to the strains isolated from faeces of the same neonates at the same time. These observations may offer indirect evidence indicating that at least some CoNS can translocate from the gastrointestinal tract of the premature neonates into the bloodstream and thus cause generalized infection.