RESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D (VitD) levels, polymorphisms in VDR gene (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI) and the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a group of Brazilian women. A total of 100 patients with PCOS and 100 control women were included. The quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was performed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Polymorphisms on VDR gene were performed by PCR-RFLP. The BsmI AG genotype was more frequent in PCOS group, while the GG genotype was more frequent in the control group (p = .007). The frequency of the Taql CC genotype was higher in PCOS group, while the CT genotype was the most frequent in the control group (p = .021). Mean serum VitD levels were similar between the groups. However, there was a negative correlation between VitD levels and Ferriman-Gallwey score (p = .031, r = -.260) in the PCOS group. The TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms were associated with PCOS. Moreover, VitD levels are associated with the clinical hyperandrogenism. The data suggest the role of VitD in PCOS development and its complications.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/genética , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Glucemia/metabolismo , Brasil , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Hiperandrogenismo/sangre , Hiperandrogenismo/genética , Insulina/sangre , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/sangre , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/metabolismo , Polimorfismo Genético , Testosterona/sangre , Vitamina D/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate drug biodisposition and immunological responses in the placental barrier. In vitro infective challenges alter expression of specific placental ABC transporters. We hypothesized that chorioamnionitis induces a distinct pattern of ABC transporter expression. METHODS: Gene expression of 50 ABC transporters was assessed using TaqMan® Human ABC Transporter Array, in preterm human placentas without (PTD; n=6) or with histological chorioamnionitis (PTDC; n=6). Validation was performed using qPCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. MicroRNAs known to regulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were examined by qPCR. RESULTS: Up-regulation of ABCB9, ABCC2 and ABCF2 mRNA was detected in chorioamnionitis (p<0.05), whereas placental ABCB1 (P-gp; p=0.051) and ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein-BCRP) mRNA levels (p=0.055) approached near significant up-regulation. In most cases, the magnitude of the effect significantly correlated to the severity of inflammation. Upon validation, increased placental ABCB1 and ABCG2 mRNA levels (p<0.05) were observed. At the level of immunohistochemistry, while BCRP was increased (p<0.05), P-gp staining intensity was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in PTDC. miR-331-5p, involved in P-gp suppression, was upregulated in PTDC (p<0.01) and correlated to the grade of chorioamnionitis (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in the expression of ABC transporters will likely lead to modified transport of clinically relevant compounds at the inflamed placenta. A better understanding of the potential role of these transporters in the events surrounding PTD may also enable new strategies to be developed for prevention and treatment of PTD.
Asunto(s)
Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Corioamnionitis/patología , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Placenta/metabolismo , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/genética , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/metabolismo , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Adulto , Corioamnionitis/genética , Corioamnionitis/metabolismo , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Recién Nacido , Interleucina-8/genética , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Masculino , MicroARNs/genética , Proteína 2 Asociada a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Regulación hacia Arriba , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The main source of inhibin B in women is the growing follicle granulosa cells, while inhibin A is mainly produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta. In infertile women submitted to therapies of assisted reproduction, inhibin B has shown to be useful to predict a poor ovulatory response, though it has not yet overcome the performance of other markers. In the pre-natal screening of the Down syndrome, inhibin A has been repeatedly confirmed as useful in the second trimester and has also started to be considered in the first trimester test battery. Besides the two applications above, the dosage of total inhibin may contribute to the identification of cases of autoimmune ovarian insufficiency. Total inhibin may also be an auxiliary marker in the diagnosis of ovarian epithelial tumors, while the amount of inhibin B helps in the diagnosis of granulosa cells tumors. The use of inhibin A may be extended to the evaluation of pregnant women with risk of abortion, with a history of repeated abortion, with increased risk of pre-eclampsia, or even in the first days of follow-up of hydatiform mole post-emptying. All those applications are still under study, but with a real possibility of helping to extend the diagnostic spectrum of inhibin dosage in gynecology and obstetrics.
