Effects of photobiomodulation with blue Light Emitting Diode (LED) on the healing of skin burns.

The management of skin burns is still challenging. Among the therapeutic methods used, there are topical treatments with pharmacological and herbal agents, low-intensity therapeutic ultrasound, use of biomaterials, reconstructive techniques and photobiomodulation therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation with blue Light Emitting Diode (LED) on burn healing. Fifty Wistar rats were divided into control (CTRL) (n = 25) and blue LED (LED) (n = 25), with subgroups (n = 5) for each time of euthanasia (7, 14, 21, 28 and 32 days). Treated animals were daily irradiated (470 nm, 1W, 0.44 W/cm2, 50 J/cm2). Clinical evaluations were performed and the Wound Retraction Index (WRI) was determined. Histological sections were submitted to hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue and the immunohistochemical technique, with anti-α-SMA and anti-TGF-ß1 antibodies. All data were directly collected by previously calibrated evaluators in a blind manner. The values were included in a statistical program. For all statistical tests used, 5% significance level (p < 0.05) was considered. No statistically significant differences in WRI between groups were observed (p > 0.05). Re-epithelialization was higher using LED at 7 and 14 days (p < 0.05) and greater amount of inflammatory cells was observed at 7 days (p = 0.01). With LED at 21 and 32 days, greater number of mast cells were observed (p < 0.05), as well as smaller number of myofibroblasts at 14, 21, 28 and 32 days (p < 0.05) and lower percentage of TGF-ß1 positive cells in the conjunctiva at 7, 14 and 21 days (p < 0.05). Negative correlations were observed in LED between the percentage of TGF-ß1 in the epithelium and the mean number of inflammatory cells and number of myofibroblasts (p < 0.05). The results suggest that, depending on the period, blue LED can modulate the healing processes of third-degree skin burns, such as re-epithelialization, inflammatory response, mast cell concentration, myofibroblast differentiation and TGF-ß1 immunoexpression. Despite these effects, this therapy does not seem to have significant influence on the retraction of these wounds. Future studies, using different protocols, should be carried out to expand the knowledge about the photobiomodulatory mechanisms of this type of light in the healing process.

Immunohistochemical comparative analysis of IMP-3 and KI-67 in actinic cheilitis and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma.

Actinic cheilitis (AC) and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) exhibit epithelial alterations mainly associated with chronic ultraviolet ray exposure. Currently, it is impossible to predict which AC cases will progress to LLSCC; thus, biomolecular markers have been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of IMP-3 and KI-67 in AC and LLSCC. Forty AC and 40 LLSCC cases were submitted to peroxidase method and quantitatively analyzed, using the following scores: 0 (0% positive cells), + 1(≤ 30%), + 2 (> 30% to ≤ 60%), and + 3 (> 60%). Results were submitted to non-parametric Mann-Whitney (U) test. A p value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. IMP-3 immunoexpression was observed in 26 AC cases, with predominance of the score 1 (35% of cases). This protein was also positive in 22 LLSCC cases, with predominance of the score 3 (37.5% of cases). Immunoexpression of KI-67 was observed in all studied cases, with predominance of the score 2 (70% of AC cases and 57.5% LLSCC cases). The association between IMP-3 and Ki-67 immunoexpression, AC dysplastic severity and LLSCC tumoral grade revealed no significant differences. The present results demonstrate that IMP-3 and Ki-67 immunoexpression are frequent in AC and in LLSCC. Moreover, these proteins could be involved in lower lip carcinogenesis process.

Excisão de um fibroma de células gigantes com laser cirúrgico / Excisión de un fibroma de células gigantes con láser quirúrgico / Giant-cell fibroma removal with surgical laser

Introdução: O fibroma de células gigantes é uma neoplasia fibrosa benigna, considerada rara, com fatores etiológicos incertos e características clinico-patológicas peculiares. Objetivo: Descrever a exérese do fibroma de células gigantes, em mucosa jugal direita, utilizando laser cirúrgico. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 33 anos, parda, atendida na clínica de Estomatologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, motivada por uma lesão neoplásica, de crescimento lento em região de mucosa jugal direita. Clinicamente, observou-se massa tumoral única, assintomática, com aproximadamente dois centímetros, de base séssil, normocorada, de consistência firme e superfície lisa. Após exame clínico, foi realizada uma biópsia excisional com fins diagnósticos, utilizando o laser cirúrgico. O diagnóstico, após o resultado do exame histopatológico, revelou um fibroma de células gigantes. A abordagem da biópsia excisional, além de ter fins de diagnóstico bucal, foi responsável pelo tratamento da lesão, visto que proporcionou a remoção completa da patologia. Optou-se por cicatrização por segunda intenção, e para acelerar esse processo, foi realizada aplicação local com laser de baixa potência de espectro de luz vermelha. No acompanhamento de sete dias, observou-se cicatrização adequada, com mínima alteração tecidual. Após oito meses, notou-se regeneração tecidual adequada sem recidiva da lesão. Conclusão: A remoção de um fibroma de células gigantes, utilizando laser de diodo de alta potência, se mostrou como uma abordagem terapêutica viável para o tratamento dessa patologia(AU)

Introducción: El fibroma de células gigantes es una neoplasia fibrosa benigna, considerada rara, con factores causales inciertos y características clínico-patológicas peculiares.Objetivo: Describir la exéresis del fibroma de células gigantes, en mucosa yugal derecha, utilizando láser quirúrgico. Presentación del caso: Paciente del sexo femenino, 33 años, mulata, atendida en la Clínica de Estomatología de la Universidad Estatal de Paraíba, por una lesión neoplásica, de crecimiento lento en región de mucosa yugal derecha. Clínicamente, se observó una masa tumoral única, asintomática, de aproximadamente 2 cm, de base sésil, normocoloreada, de consistencia firme y superficie lisa. Después del examen clínico, se realizó una biopsia excisional con fines diagnósticos, utilizando el láser quirúrgico. El diagnóstico, después del resultado del examen histopatológico, reveló un fibroma de células gigantes. El abordaje de la biopsia excisional, además de tener fines de diagnóstico bucal, fue responsable del tratamiento de la lesión, ya que proporcionó la remoción completa de esta. Se optó por cicatrización por segunda intención, y para acelerar ese proceso, se realizó aplicación local con láser de baja potencia de espectro de luz roja. En el seguimiento de siete días, se observó una cicatrización adecuada, con mínima alteración hística. Después de ocho meses, se notó regeneración hística adecuada sin recidiva de la lesión.Conclusiones: La remoción de un fibroma de células gigantes, utilizando láser de diodo de alta potencia, se mostró como un abordaje terapéutico viable para el tratamiento de esa afección(AU)

Introduction: Giant-cell fibroma is a rare benign fibrous neoplasm of uncertain etiological factors and peculiar clinical-pathological characteristics. Objective: To describe the excision of giant-cell fibroma in the right jugal mucosa using surgical laser. Case report: A 33-year-old female patient, treated at the dental clinic of State University of Paraíba, due to neoplastic lesion, with slow growth in the region of the right jugal mucosa. Clinically, a single, asymptomatic tumor mass of approximately two centimeters, sessile, normocorated, with a firm consistency and a smooth surface was observed. After clinical examination, an excisional biopsy was performed for diagnostic purposes, using the surgical laser. The diagnosis, after the histopathological examination, revealed a giant-cell fibroma. The management of the excisional biopsy, in addition to having the purpose of oral diagnosis, was responsible for the treatment of the lesion, since it provided its complete removal. Second healing intention was chosen and, in order to accelerate this process, a local application with low-power red-light spectrum laser was carried out. At 7-day follow-up, adequate healing was observed, with minimal tissue change. After eight months, adequate tissue regeneration was observed without relapsed lesion.Conclusions: Removal of a giant-cell fibroma using high-power diode laser was shown to be a viable therapeutic approach for the treatment of this pathology(AU)

Excisão de um fibroma de células gigantes com laser cirúrgico / Excisión de un fibroma de células gigantes con láser quirúrgico / Giant-cell fibroma removal with surgical laser

Introdução: O fibroma de células gigantes é uma neoplasia fibrosa benigna, considerada rara, com fatores etiológicos incertos e características clinico-patológicas peculiares. Objetivo: Descrever a exérese do fibroma de células gigantes, em mucosa jugal direita, utilizando laser cirúrgico. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 33 anos, parda, atendida na clínica de Estomatologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, motivada por uma lesão neoplásica, de crescimento lento em região de mucosa jugal direita. Clinicamente, observou-se massa tumoral única, assintomática, com aproximadamente dois centímetros, de base séssil, normocorada, de consistência firme e superfície lisa. Após exame clínico, foi realizada uma biópsia excisional com fins diagnósticos, utilizando o laser cirúrgico. O diagnóstico, após o resultado do exame histopatológico, revelou um fibroma de células gigantes. A abordagem da biópsia excisional, além de ter fins de diagnóstico bucal, foi responsável pelo tratamento da lesão, visto que proporcionou a remoção completa da patologia. Optou-se por cicatrização por segunda intenção, e para acelerar esse processo, foi realizada aplicação local com laser de baixa potência de espectro de luz vermelha. No acompanhamento de sete dias, observou-se cicatrização adequada, com mínima alteração tecidual. Após oito meses, notou-se regeneração tecidual adequada sem recidiva da lesão. Conclusão: A remoção de um fibroma de células gigantes, utilizando laser de diodo de alta potência, se mostrou como uma abordagem terapêutica viável para o tratamento dessa patologia(AU)

Cripto-1 is overexpressed in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland.

INTRODUCTION: Cripto-1 is a member of the epidermal growth factor-Cripto-1/FRL-1/Cryptic family. Besides being critical for early embryonic development, Cripto-1 is also associated with the development and behavior of several cancers. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the immunoexpression of Cripto-1 in normal salivary glands (NSGs), pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenomas (CaExPAs) of salivary glands. METHODS: A total of 12 NSGs, 16 PAs and 12 CaExPAs underwent immunohistochemical study by the polymeric biotin-free technique. Immunopositive cells were evaluated semiquantitatively (scores 0-3). For statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed and a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was established. RESULTS: Most CaExPAs (n = 10) were strong positive (score 3) for Cripto-1, and only three cases of PAs and two specimens of NSGs exhibited some expression (score 1), being statistically significant these findings (p < 0.001). No difference between the expression of this protein in tumors of major and minor salivary glands was observed. Overexpression was found mainly in cases of CaExPAs with invasive growth (n = 8) when compared to those without capsular invasion (intracapsular pattern) (p = 0.036). Patients with or without lymph node metastasis showed no difference (p = 0.294). CONCLUSION: The results revealed a significantly higher expression of Cripto-1 in CaExPA compared to PA and NSG, suggesting this protein is possibly deregulated in PA malignant transformation. Furthermore, the increased expression of this protein is associated with a more aggressive behavior (invasive growth) in salivary gland tumors.

Association of the XPD and XRCC3 gene polymorphisms with oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Northeastern Brazilian population: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the association between XPD and XRCC3 polymorphisms and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). DESIGN: the sample consisted of 54 cases of OSCC and 40 cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH). Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS: XPD-Lys/Gln was more common in IFH (n=28; 70%) than in OSCC (n=24; 44.4%) (OR: 0.3; p<0.05). XPD-Gln was more frequent in high-grade lesions (0.48) than in low-grade lesions (0.21) (OR: 3.4; p<0.05). The Gln/Gln genotype was associated with III and IV clinical stages (OR: 0.07; p<0.05). XRCC3-Met was more frequent in OSCC (0.49) than in IFH (0.35) (OR: 2.6; p<0.05). The Met/Met genotype was associated with the presence of metastases (OR: 8.1; p<0.05) and with III and IV clinical stages (OR: 0.07; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: in this sample, the frequency of XPD-Gln in IFH suggests that this variant may protect against OSCC. The presence of the XRCC3-Met allele seems to contribute to the development of OSCC, metastases and more advanced stages in these lesions.

Immunoexpression of α2ß1, α3ß1, and α5ß1 integrins in pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma.

The aim of the present study was to compare the expression of α2ß1, α3ß1, and α5ß1 integrins between 28 pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) and 10 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs), and investigate differences in the expression of these integrins according to histologic subtypes of ACCs. It was taken into consideration the presence or absence, distribution, and localization of integrin immunoexpression. There was immunoreactivity in the intercellular contacts of the strands, nests, and solid sheets of PAs, as well as in the luminal and nonluminal cells of the duct-like structures, with a predominant immunoexpression in the luminal cells. The immunoexpression in ACCs varied with histologic subtype of the tumor. It was verified for a tendency of absence and/or reduced expression of all integrins in the solid subtype of ACCs. In general, PAs revealed a more diffuse and remarkable immunoexpression of all studied integrins than ACCs. The reduced integrins expression in ACC may be related to a lesser degree of cell differentiation in this neoplasm. Moreover, the absence and/or reduced expression of the studied integrins in solid ACC suggest a possible role in pathogenesis and more aggressive biological behavior of this histologic subtype.

Papel de los staphylococcus spp. en la mucositis oral: revisión de la literatura / Rule of staphylococcus spp in oral mucusitis: review of the literature

It is estimated that more than 500 bacterial species inhabit the human oral environment. Among them, more than 400 species are known, and also a huge diversity of microorganisms that have been discovered because of the innovations in molecular biology techniques. Talking about staphylococcus spp., its presence in oral environment of health individuals and local or systemic wounded ones is at least controversial, what guides to the necessity of accurate studies in order to clarify this bacteria profile in this microenvironment ecology, as well as in oral and systemic disease etiology. This study aimed to gather the current knowledge concerning the staphylococcal presence in oral environment and its implications in oral mucositis development, in this case called "oral staphylococcal mucositis", a clinical condition that affects more commonly ancient patients, systemic weakened or immunologically wounded

Se estima que más de 500 especies bacterianas habitan el medio ambiente oral de seres humanos. Entre ellas, son conocidas más de 400 especies, además de una gran diversidad de microorganismos que han sido descubiertos gracias a innovaciones en las técnicas de biología molecular. Con relación a los staphylococcus spp., su presencia en el medio ambiente oral de individuos saludables, local o sistémicamente comprometidos es bastante controversia, lo que remite a la necesidad de estudios cuidadosos con intención de aclarar el papel de esas bacterias en la ecología de ese microambiente, así como en la etiología de enfermedades orales y sistémicas. Ese estudio propuso reunir los conocimientos actuales sobre la presencia de staphylococcus en el medio ambiente oral y sus implicaciones en el desarrollo de mucositis oral, denominada en ese caso de "mucositis estafilocócica oral", una condición clínica que afecta más comúnmente pacientes mayores, sistémicamente debilitados o inmunológicamente comprometidos