[Physiological nature and diagnostic implications of rotational nystagmus].

The authors provide a rationale for clinical studies of four types of rotational nystagmus, true vestibular, cervico-vestibular, opto-vestibular, and cervico-optovestibular. A physiological concept of nystagmus during active head rotation is formulated. Negative consequences of vestibular nystagmus as a pathophysiological reaction are discussed. The main criteria for nystagmometric differential diagnosis of peripheral vestibular and central disorders are proposed. Diagnostic potential of the new <> system is demonstrated.

[New methodology for the stabilometric diagnosis of equilibrium dysfunction].

The necessity of studying the dynamic stabilization of the human body vertical position is substantiated. New capacities of a stabilometric vector analysis in diagnosing equilibrium dysfunction, evaluating the efficiency of treatment, and determining the statistical significance of differences in the results in a patient rather than in a group of subjects are shown.

[A computerized method for the combined evaluation of otoneurological and non-pharmacological correction of vestibulo-sensory and oculomotor disturbances].

Methodology and a new <> hard/software complex (HSC) have been developed jointly by the Institute of Biomedical Problems, <> and <> Companies to be used in vestibulometric, otoneurological, and psychophysiological tes-ting with synchronous registration and in the analysis of head movements, various types of nystagmus, and all forms of visual pursuit. The complex is intended for the expert/diagnostic evaluation, prognosis, and monitoring of the vestibular function, intersensory interactions, and eye pursuit movements as well as for teaching correction and elimination of unfavourable perceptive and vestibular-sensorimotor responses by developing a fixation reflex during exposure to visual and dynamic stimuli. The <> HSC was tested during pre- and post-flight observation of astronauts, under simulated and clinical conditions, as well as in monitoring the functional status of athletes engaged in various sports. The study has demonstrated that the use of special computerized stimulation programs allowing (by irritating visual and vestibular sensory inputs) to produce perceptive and sensorimotor responses provides a promising tool for the evaluation of the state of the vestibular and related sensory systems, stability of static and dynamic spatial orientation in the presence of separate and combined visual and vestibular stimuli or without them.

[Prerequisites to the use of multichannel programmed muscle electrostimulation in patients with infantile cerebral palsy]. / Predposylki ispol'zovaniia mnogokanal'noi programmiruemoi élektrostimuliatsii myshts u bol'nykh detskim tserebral'nym paralichom.

The paper deals with the use of multichannel programmed electrostimulation of muscles or artificial correction of movements to treat patients with infantile cerebral paralysis. This electrostimulation is a highly effective technique for correction of a pathological human motor stereotype and serves to consolidate the physiological movement patterns simulated during treatment sessions.

[Mesodiencephalic modulation (transcranial electrostimulation of the brain) in neurology and psychiatry]. / Mezodiéntsefal'naia moduliatsiia (transkranial'naia élektrostimuliatsiia golovnogo mozga) v nevrologii i psikhiatrii.

The paper outlines the results of mesodiencephalic modulation (MDM) as therapy in adults and children with neurological and mental diseases in the out- and inpatient setting. MDM is a method of transcranial electric therapy that normalizes the performance of the hypothalamohypophyseal and opioid systems of the brain, which ultimately improves the body's adaptive response in disease.

[Vestibulometry and its importance in elucidating the pathogenesis and prognosis of the course of nervous system diseases in children]. / Vestibulometriia i ee znachenie v vyiasnenii patogeneza i prognozirovaniia techeniia nekotorykh zabolevanii nervnoi sistemy u detei.

A retrospective analysis of electronystagmograms recorded over 2 years from 90 children aged 1 to 3 with spastic diplegia due to the infantile cerebral paralysis was performed and its results correlated with the clinical course of the disease. The vestibulometric criteria were derived in order to predict the course of motor functions in the patients' postnatal ontogenesis. The causes of inefficacy of rehabilitation therapy were analyzed in children which had suffered from meningoencephalitis in their infancy. Specific features of the neurodynamic processes in these patients were displayed in their vestibulometric indices. Mesencephalic-cortical control mechanisms of the vestibular nystagmus were shown to normalize under effect of acupuncture. This accounts for its greater clinical efficacy as compared to the passive vestibular therapy which exerted beneficial influence over the bulbar-pontine nystagmogenic mechanisms.