Perfil e evolução do estado nutricional de pacientes que frequentam um ambulatório de nutrição do Sul do Brasil / Profile and challenges of nutritional status of patients attending anout patient nutrition southern Brazil

Introdução: O acompanhamento nutricional e modificações nos hábitos de vida são fundamentais para a prevenção e tratamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil e a evolução do estado nutricional de pacientes atendidos em um Ambulatório de Nutrição do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo analítico que utilizou dados secundários, obtidos através da análise dos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos entre janeiro de 2007 e junho de 2012. Foram incluídos no estudo 785 pa cientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas através do pacote estatístico Stata® 11.1 e foram considerados significativos valores de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados e discussão: Dos 785 pacientes, 578 (73,7%) era do sexo feminino, com idade média de 46,4 mais o menos 15,4 anos. A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade foi de mais de 85%, tanto na primeira, quanto na última consulta. Cerca de 18% das mulheres e 20% dos homens melhoraram seu estado nutricional. A porcentagem de perda ou ganho de peso variou significativamente de acordo com o nú- mero de consultas (p = 0,008), com o intervalo de tempo entre a 1ª e última consulta (p = 0,012) e com o IMC inicial (p = 0,003). Tanto o IMC inicial quanto o final variaram significativamente de acordo com o sexo (p = 0,003 e 0,026, respectivamente). Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram a importância da orientação nutricional e da inserção do profissional nutricionista no ambiente ambulatorial, onde a mudança de hábitos deve ser propagada entre os pacientes, diminuindo e prevenindo a ocorrência e as consequências de doenças crônicas (AU)

Introduction: The nutritional and changes in life habits are key to the prevention and treatment of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and evolution of the nutritional status of patients seen in an Outpatient Nutrition in Southern Brazil. Methods: Analytical study using secondary data obtained through analysis of medical records of patients treated between January 2007 and June 2012, 785 patients of both sexes, aged were included in the study was performed 18 years. Statistical analyzes were performed using Stata ® 11.1 and values were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results e discussion: Most patients (73.7%) were female, mean age 46.4 greater than or equal to 15.4 years. The prevalence of overweight / obesity was more than 85% in both the first and in the last query. About 18% of women and 20% men improved their nutritional status. The percentage of loss or weight gain varied significantly according to the number of consultations (p = 0.008), with the time interval between the 1st and last visit (p = 0.012), and the initial BMI (p = 0.003). Both the initial BMI as the final varied significantly according to sex (p = 0.003 and 0.026, respectively). Conclusion: The results demonstrate the importance of nutritional counseling and insertion of professional dietitian in an outpatient setting, where the change of habits should be propagated among patients, reducing and preventing the occurrence and consequences of chronic diseases (AU)

Prevalence of factors related to the bone mass formation of children from a cohort in Southern Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: The amount of bone mass acquired in the early stages of life is an important determinant of its peak and future risk of osteoporosis and fractures. OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of factors that contributes to the formation of bone mass in children of a Southern Brazil cohort. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with hospital screening of all births (2741) occurred from September/ 2002 to May/2003 and monitoring of a random sample of 30.0% of these (one, three and six months and eight years old). During the eight years old visit, a questionnaire containing questions related to food and physical activity was applied. Results e Discussion: Of the 616 children studied, 51.3% were male, 70.3% Caucasian, about half belonged to economic class C, 20.5% were overweight, 16.9% were obese and 71.2% were sedentary. As for food intake low consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meat, cereals and tubers was noticed. Vitamin D administration in the first six months of life was followed by 14.1% of premature, 16.1% of infants with low birth weight, 24.2% of weaned in the first month and only 16.4% at three months. CONCLUSION: The evaluated children have low nutrients consumption, including calcium, inappropriate vitamin D administration in the first semester of life, little regular physical activity and high prevalence of overweight and obesity are factors that can impair the formation of bone mass.

Introducción: La cantidad de masa ósea adquirida en las primeras etapas de la vida es un importante factor determinante de su pico y el riesgo futuro de osteoporosis y fracturas. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de factores que contribuye a la formación de la masa ósea en niños de una cohorte del sur de Brasil. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva con el hospital de todos los nacimientos (2741) se produjo en septiembre / 2002 a mayo / 2003 y el seguimiento de una muestra aleatoria de un 30,0% de los mismos (uno, tres y seis meses y ocho años de edad). En una visita a los ocho años de edad, aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas relacionadas con la alimentación y la actividad física. Resultados y Discusión: De los 616 niños, el 51,3% eran hombres, el 70,3% de raza caucásica, cerca de la mitad pertenecían a la clase económica C, 20,5% tenían sobrepeso, el 16,9% eran obesos y 71,2% sedentarios. La ingesta de alimentos es bajo consumo de frutas, verduras, productos lácteos, carne, los cereales y los tubérculos. La administración de vitamina D en los primeros seis meses de vida fue seguido por 14,1% de los prematuros, el 16,1% de los recién nacidos con bajo peso al nacer, el 24,2% de destete en el primer mes y sólo el 16,4% a los tres meses. Conclusión: Los niños evaluados tienen un bajo consumo de nutrientes, entre ellos el calcio, deficiente administración de vitamina D en el primer semestre de vida, poco actividad física regular y la alta prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad son factores que pueden afectar a la formación de masa ósea.