A vaping risks education program for school students: Evaluation of the solve mystery toolkit.

One in three grade 7 to 12 students in Canada report trying vaping or e-cigarettes. Despite consequences like nicotine addiction, impaired brain development, increased respiratory symptoms, and association with an increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, 48% of youth believe occasional vaping has little to no risk. There is a clear need for youth to learn about vaping consequences. We developed and piloted a novel free interactive educational program on vaping risks which has been used by over 800 grade 7 to 9 students. In post-program surveys, students reported a subjective increase in knowledge about the health consequences of vaping.

Clinical Profiles of Childhood Astrovirus-, Sapovirus-, and Norovirus-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis in Pediatric Emergency Departments in Alberta, 2014-2018.

BACKGROUND: Infections by previously underdiagnosed viruses astrovirus and sapovirus are poorly characterized compared with norovirus, the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis. METHODS: Children <18 years old with acute gastroenteritis were recruited from pediatric emergency departments in Alberta, Canada between 2014 and 2018. We described and compared the clinical course of acute gastroenteritis in children with astrovirus, sapovirus, and norovirus. RESULTS: Astrovirus was detected in 56 of 2688 (2.1%) children, sapovirus was detected in 146 of 2688 (5.4%) children, and norovirus was detected in 486 of 2688 (18.1%) children. At illness onset, ~60% of astrovirus cases experienced both diarrhea and vomiting. Among sapovirus and norovirus cases, 35% experienced diarrhea at onset and 80% of 91% (sapovirus/norovirus) vomited; however, diarrhea became more prevalent than vomiting at approximately day 4 of illness. Over the full course of illness, diarrhea was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8%- 29%) more prevalent among children with astrovirus than norovirus infections and had longer duration with greater maximal events; there were a median of 4.0 fewer maximal vomiting events (95% CI, 2.0-5.0). Vomiting continued for a median of 24.8 hours longer (95% CI, 9.6-31.7) among children with sapovirus versus norovirus. Differences between these viruses were otherwise minimal. CONCLUSIONS: Sapovirus infections attended in the emergency department are more similar to norovirus than previously reported, whereas astrovirus infections have several distinguishable characteristics.

Comparison of Documentation on Inpatient Discharge and Ambulatory End-of-Visit Summaries.

INTRODUCTION: Providing complete pending diagnostic test information and medication lists on inpatient discharge and ambulatory end-of-visit summaries decreases adverse events, reduces medical errors, and improves patient satisfaction. The purpose was to compare inpatient and ambulatory settings regarding percentages of records with documentation of pending diagnostic test result information and medication lists given at discharge/end of visit. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional, observational design, 2018 NDNQI discharge/end-of-visit data from 133 inpatient and 90 ambulatory units in 20 hospitals were examined. Trained site coordinators reviewed records for documentation of discharge/end-of-visit elements. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare inpatient and ambulatory percent of elements completed. RESULTS: Across all discharge/end-of-visit elements, there were differences (all p < .001) between inpatient and ambulatory settings. Ambulatory units had a lower percent completion for all medication list and pending diagnostic result elements. Depending on the element, the sample means for documentation in discharge/end-of-visit summaries were 18.6-98.8% for inpatient and 4.5-61.8% for ambulatory settings. CONCLUSIONS: Discharge instructions and end-of-visit summaries are crucial forms of communication between clinicians and patients. However, many patients are not receiving complete information. IMPLICATIONS: In a large nationwide sample, we found substantial opportunities to improve completeness of summaries, particularly in ambulatory settings.