RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Abnormal results in common blood tests may occur several months before lung cancer (LC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. Identifying early blood markers of cancer and distinct blood test signatures could support earlier diagnosis in general practice. METHODS: Using linked Australian primary care and hospital cancer registry data, we conducted a cohort study of 855 LC and 399 CRC patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2021. Requests and results from general practice blood tests (six acute phase reactants [APR] and six red blood cell indices [RBCI]) were examined in the 2 years before cancer diagnosis. Poisson regression models were used to estimate monthly incidence rates and examine pre-diagnostic trends in blood test use and abnormal results prior to cancer diagnosis, comparing patterns in LC and CRC patients. RESULTS: General practice blood test requests increase from 7 months before CRC and 6 months before LC diagnosis. Abnormalities in many APR and RBCI tests increase several months before cancer diagnosis, often occur prior to or in the absence of anaemia (in 51% of CRC and 81% of LC patients with abnormalities), and are different in LC and CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates an increase in diagnostic activity in Australian general practice several months before LC and CRC diagnosis, indicating potential opportunities for earlier diagnosis. It identifies blood test abnormalities and distinct signatures that are early markers of LC and CRC. If combined with other pre-diagnostic information, these blood tests have potential to support GPs in prioritising patients for cancer investigation of different sites to expedite diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Pruebas Hematológicas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Atención Primaria de Salud , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/sangre , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Australia/epidemiología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangre , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Hematológicas/métodos , Pruebas Hematológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Sistema de Registros , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Adulto , Incidencia , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can have a long-term impact on patients' sexual functioning and consequently, their relationship satisfaction. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a 5-session psychosexual intervention for HSCT survivors and their partners. METHODS: To be eligible patients were required to be more than 3 months post-allogeneic HSCT. The intervention comprised 2 components: (1) A psychosexual education session exploring medical/behavioral treatment options for sexual dysfunction, delivered by a specialist nurse; (2) A 4-session Emotionally-Focused Therapy-based relationship education program for couples delivered by a clinical psychologist. Measures assessing relationship quality, sexual functioning, anxiety, and depression were administered pre- and post-intervention. Feasibility was measured via participation rate, adherence and compliance with completing main measures. Acceptability of the intervention was assessed via patient/partner satisfaction surveys. RESULTS: Eight of 85 (9.4%) eligible patients and their partners participated in the study. Reasons for declining participation included: feeling uncomfortable due to sensitive nature of intervention; did not have any relationship/sexual function issues; and experiencing ongoing medical issues. Six of 8 couples (75%) attended at least 4 intervention sessions and 5 of 8 (62.5%) completed the main study measures post-intervention. Four couples reported that sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction was somewhat or much better post-intervention; 1 reported no change. CONCLUSION: Feasibility criteria were not met, with low enrolment rate, however the intervention was deemed acceptable. Couples who participated adhered to the intervention and considered it beneficial. Further strategies to identify and manage sexual concerns are required.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas , Humanos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Conducta Sexual , SobrevivientesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The primary objectives were to describe the longitudinal course of sexual health in people undergoing curative (chemo)radiation therapy ([C)RT) for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPVOPSCC) and identify factors associated with higher sexual satisfaction 12 months after (C)RT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eligible participants from 3 sites were recruited to a prospective observational study between October 2020 and November 2021. Measures of sexual health (22-item European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Sexual Health Questionnaire), treatment outcome priorities (Chicago Priorities Scale), quality of life (30-item European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire), symptom burden (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head and Neck), emotional distress (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Anxiety and Depression), and facial appearance and appearance distress (FACE-Q) were administered before, at the end, and 3 and 12 months after (C)RT. RESULTS: Of 128 eligible participants, 100 were recruited; sexual health measure data were available for 89 of 98 patients alive at 12 months. Mean sexual satisfaction scores were 51.8 (SD = 26.6) before (C)RT. Mixed model results indicated a clinically significant reduction in sexual satisfaction by the end of (-25.4; 95% CI, -30.7 to -20.2) and 3 months after CRT (-12.2; -17.3 to -7.0) but not 12 months after CRT (-3.8; 95% CI, -9.0 to 1.4). Of 13 treatment outcome priorities, "keeping sexual function" had a median rank of 10 and 9 before and 12 months after (C)RT, respectively; 24% and 26% identified it as a top priority at these times. Cohabiting, having a sexual partner, being sexually active, higher global health status, lower sexual health issues, lower depression, and considering sexual function a top priority were associated with higher sexual satisfaction scores 12 months after (C)RT. CONCLUSIONS: Although affected acutely by (C)RT, average sexual satisfaction returned to near pretreatment levels after 12 months. Sexual function is considered a top survivorship priority by approximately one-quarter of patients with HPVOPSCC.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/terapia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y CuelloRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To identify changes in the healthcare preferences, patient experiences, and quality of life of patients with NETs at 6-month follow-up, informing the design of supportive care services. METHODS: This study presents 6-month follow-up data of a mixed-methods multi-site study. Demographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcome questionnaire data was collected. RESULTS: High percentages of suboptimal experiences of care were reported. Patients reported less positive experiences with being involved in decisions about their care and treatment; their family or someone close to them having the opportunity to talk to their cancer doctor, or having their family or someone close to them receive all the information they need to help care for them at home. Patients also reported negative experiences for on the information about their cancer accessible online and the usefulness of the information they accessed. Differences between baseline and follow-up scores were mostly not significant apart from anxiety and sleep disturbance scales, CONCLUSIONS: Patients with NETs report difficulties in accessing and understanding written information that is persistent over time. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Outcomes will inform the design and development of an informational resource aimed at facilitating improved understanding for patients with NETs.
Asunto(s)
Tumores Neuroendocrinos , Humanos , Calidad de Vida , Ansiedad/etiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad , Medición de Resultados Informados por el PacienteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate existing evidence on the relationship between diagnostic and treatment intervals and outcomes for colorectal cancer. METHODS: Four databases were searched for English language articles assessing the role of time before initial treatment in colorectal cancer on any outcome, including stage and survival. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion and data were synthesised narratively. A dose-response meta-analysis was performed to examine the association between treatment interval and survival. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty papers were included in the systematic review, eight were included in the meta-analysis. Forty-five different intervals were considered in the time from first symptom to treatment. The most common finding was of no association between the length of intervals on any outcome. The dose-response meta-analysis showed a U-shaped association between the treatment interval and overall survival with the nadir at 45 days. CONCLUSION: The review found inconsistent, but mostly a lack of, association between interval length and colorectal cancer outcomes, but study design and quality were heterogeneous. Meta-analysis suggests survival becomes increasingly poorer for those commencing treatment more than 45 days after diagnosis. REGISTRATION: This review was registered, and the protocol is available, in PROSPERO, the international database of systematic reviews, with the registration ID CRD42021255864.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Proyectos de Investigación , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/terapia , Revisiones Sistemáticas como AsuntoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable form of cancer yet continues to be the fourth most common cancer among women globally. Primary care is the first point of contact most patients have with health services and is where most cancer prevention and early detection occur. Inadequate follow-up of abnormal test results for cervical abnormalities in primary care can lead to suboptimal patient outcomes including higher mortality and decreased quality of life. AIMS: To explore the magnitude of and factors associated with, inadequate follow-up of test results for cervical abnormalities in primary and ambulatory care. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL were searched for peer-reviewed literature from 2000-2022, excluding case-studies, grey literature, and systematic reviews. Studies were included if they reported on patients aged ≥ 18 years with no previous cancer diagnosis, in a primary care/ambulatory setting. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical appraisal checklists, appropriate to the study design. A segregated methodology was used to perform a narrative synthesis, maintaining the distinction between quantitative and qualitative research. RESULTS: We included 27 publications reporting on 26 studies in our review; all were conducted in high-income countries. They included 265,041 participants from a variety of ambulatory settings such as family medicine, primary care, women's services, and colposcopy clinics. Rates of inadequate follow-up ranged from 4 to 75%. Studies reported 41 different factors associated with inadequate follow-up. Personal factors associated with inadequate follow-up included younger age, lower education, and socioeconomic status. Psychological factors were reported by only 3/26 studies and 2/3 found no significant association. System protective factors included the presence of a regular primary care provider and direct notification of abnormal test results. DISCUSSION: This review describes inadequate follow-up of abnormal cervical abnormalities in primary care. Prevalence varied and the evidence about causal factors is unclear. Most interventions evaluated were effective in decreasing inadequate follow-up. Examples of effective interventions were appointment reminders via telephone, direct notification of laboratory results, and HPV self-sampling. Even though rates of cervical cancer have decreased over the years, there is a lack of information on factors affecting follow-up in primary care and ambulatory settings, particularly in low and middle-income countries. This information is crucial if we are to achieve WHO's interim targets by 2030, and hope to avert 62 million cervical cancer deaths by 2120. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO ID CRD42021250136.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/terapia , Estudios de Seguimiento , Calidad de Vida , Atención Ambulatoria , Instituciones de Atención AmbulatoriaRESUMEN
Research focusing on timely diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer is necessary to improve outcomes for people with cancer. Previous attempts to consolidate research on time to diagnosis and treatment have noted varied methodological approaches and quality, limiting the comparability of findings. This systematic review was conducted to comprehensively assess the scope of methodological issues in this field and provide recommendations for future research. Eligible articles had to assess the role of any interval up to treatment, on any outcome in colorectal cancer, in English, with no limits on publication time. Four databases were searched (Ovid Medline, EMBASE, EMCARE and PsycInfo). Papers were screened by two independent reviewers using a two-stage process of title and abstract followed by full text review. In total, 130 papers were included and had data extracted on specific methodological and statistical features. Several methodological problems were identified across the evidence base. Common issues included arbitrary categorisation of intervals (n = 107, 83%), no adjustment for potential confounders (n = 65, 50%), and lack of justification for included covariates where there was adjustment (n = 40 of 65 papers that performed an adjusted analysis, 62%). Many articles introduced epidemiological biases such as immortal time bias (n = 37 of 80 papers that used survival as an outcome, 46%) and confounding by indication (n = 73, 56%), as well as other biases arising from inclusion of factors outside of their temporal sequence. However, determination of the full extent of these problems was hampered by insufficient reporting. Recommendations include avoiding artificial categorisation of intervals, ensuring bias has not been introduced due to out-of-sequence use of key events and increased use of theoretical frameworks to detect and reduce bias. The development of reporting guidelines and domain-specific risk of bias tools may aid in ensuring future research can reliably contribute to recommendations regarding optimal timing and strengthen the evidence base.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Tiempo de Tratamiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/terapiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To better serve women with gynaecological cancers, we need a sound understanding of their health, wellbeing and needs. This study sought to explore these issues in a sample of Australian women before commencing curative radiotherapy. METHODS: We undertook a secondary analysis of baseline data from a supportive care trial (n = 311). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise responses to measures of wellbeing, general psychological distress, symptom distress, sexual function and vaginal changes, and supportive care needs. Pre-specified regression models were used to examine sources of variation in wellbeing and sexual function. RESULTS: Women reported lower emotional, functional and physical wellbeing than population norms (all p < 0.001). The prevalence of general psychological distress was 31% (95% CI 26-36%). Distress caused by physical symptoms was typically low. Health system and information needs comprised eight of the top ten moderate-to-high supportive care needs. Most women reported no change in interest for physical contact or sex compared to pre-diagnosis, but some sexually active women (16-24%) reported smaller vaginal size, increased dryness, and more pain on intercourse. General psychological distress was a robust marker of poorer wellbeing and sexual function. CONCLUSIONS: Before radiotherapy, a substantial minority of women with gynaecological cancers experience general psychological distress, reduced wellbeing and moderate-to-high health system and information needs. A model of comprehensive care incorporating assessment of unmet needs, general psychological distress, and sexual issues is recommended. Healthcare providers may require training to elicit and respond to a constellation of interrelated issues and access relevant services for women requiring additional support.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos , Distrés Psicológico , Australia/epidemiología , Femenino , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/psicología , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/radioterapia , Humanos , Prevalencia , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Autoinforme , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/etiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a highly cited and well established tool for measuring comorbidity in clinical research, but there are problems with its use in practice. Like most comorbidity summary measures, the CCI was developed to adjust for prognostic comorbidities in statistical models, particularly those exploring associations between a risk of death or survival time and other patient-related and disease-related factors. Despite this, the CCI is often used in cancer research to measure all comorbidity, or as a multimorbidity measure, and CCI scores are often used to assess the prognostic importance of multiple health conditions. In the latter case, it is not at all surprising that researchers report a significant association between CCI scores and a risk of death or survival times because CCI scores provide a summary of the presence or absence of a set of prognostic comorbidities. Advances in multimorbidity research require specific attention to the methods used to develop relevant indices. Published literature on the association between the comorbidity and risk of death or survival time should be interpreted with caution, especially if the CCI was used to provide a measure of comorbidities.
Asunto(s)
Multimorbilidad , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Comorbilidad , Pronóstico , Estudios EpidemiológicosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Healthcare experiences, quality of life and psychosocial needs of patients with Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) will be assessed to identify differences between NET sub-groups and inform the design of supportive care services. METHODS: This study constitutes phase one of a three-phase mixed-methods multi-site study with NET patients (n = 123). Demographic, clinical and patient reported outcome questionnaire data was collected. RESULTS: No differences in patient reported outcomes were found beyond symptoms of diarrhoea and flushing between NET sub-groups. For combined NET patients, the majority reported negative experiences in their understanding of the explanation of what was wrong with them (67%); receiving written information about their cancer (69%), their family/carer receiving all the information required to care for them (61%); and the usefulness of information about NETs online (66%). NET patients reported at least one moderate-to-high need for disease specific information (63%). Medium- to large-sized differences in quality of life subscales were also observed with the functioning group reporting more anxiety compared to population norms. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to improve the current provision of information for people with NETs. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: These findings will inform the design and development of an informational resource to facilitate improved understanding for patients with NETs.
Asunto(s)
Tumores Neuroendocrinos , Calidad de Vida , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Humanos , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/diagnóstico , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/terapia , Medición de Resultados Informados por el Paciente , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of factors associated with intervention non-adherence may provide insights into the clinical utility of non-pharmacologic interventions. METHODS: This study compared complete and incomplete adherers to two separate components of a novel intervention package for women undergoing curative intent radiotherapy for gynaecological cancer on socio-demographic, clinical and pre-radiotherapy patient-reported outcomes data. RESULTS: Adherence to the tailored specialist nurse consultations was satisfactory (71% participated in all available sessions, 19% participated in all but one). Adherence to the telephone peer support sessions was less satisfactory (47% participated in all available sessions, 24% participated in all but one session). Complete adherers to the peer sessions reported significantly lower levels of psychological distress and significantly higher levels of physical, emotional and functional wellbeing before radiotherapy. No other statistically significant differences were observed between complete and incomplete adherers to the nurse- or peer-led sessions. CONCLUSION: Women's ability or motivation to engage with peer support may be influenced by their health and psychological status. Further, the extent of intervention non-adherence to the peer-led component may have compromised the assessment of its efficacy. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Peer support may be less acceptable or appropriate for women with more complex care needs. Such women may prefer specialised care from trained professionals.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos , Calidad de Vida , Femenino , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/psicología , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/terapia , Humanos , Grupo Paritario , Teléfono , Salud de la MujerRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study examines patient-reported outcomes and functioning-based subgroups in human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer survivors treated with chemoradiotherapy ≥12 months prior. METHOD: Survivors completed EORTC QLQ-C30, MDASI-HN and PROMIS-Emotional distress questionnaires. Subgroups were identified via two-step clustering of QLQ-C30 functioning scales. RESULTS: 136 patients were enrolled. Clinicians' graded 19/136 (14%) patients as having at least one severe (Grade 3 CTCAE) toxicity, whereas 68/136 (50%) patients self-reported at least one toxicity in the severe range (MDASI-HN ≥ 7). QLQ-C30 Global health status score (mean 76, SD = 20) was comparable to population norms. Rates of moderate/severe anxiety (10%/1%) and depression (4%/1%) were low. Two functioning-based subgroups were formed based on auto-clustering statistics: high- (n = 93) and low-functioning (n = 41). Differences on all functioning scales were large (d: 1.57-2.29), as were differences on the remaining QLQ-C30 scales/items, most MDASI-HN symptom severity/interference scales, and PROMIS scales (d: 0.80-2.03). Differences and associations with patient/clinical characteristics were not significant. CONCLUSION: In this Australian cohort of HPV-OPC survivors there was significant discordance between clinician- and patient-reported toxicity. We observed population comparable global quality of life and low rates of emotional distress. However, we identified a low-functioning subgroup reporting significantly worse outcomes on a range of patient-reported measures who may benefit from targeted support.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Distrés Psicológico , Calidad de Vida , Alphapapillomavirus , Australia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/psicología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , SobrevivientesRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to describe the nature and impact of dysphagia and dysphonia in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) before and after chemoradiation. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients receiving chemoradiotherapy for limited-stage SCLC. Patients received either 40, 45 or 50 Gy, commencing the second cycle of chemotherapy. Outcomes included: videofluoroscopy (VFSS) to investigate aspiration, swallowing function and oesophageal motility; oral intake limitations; patient-reported dysphagia; and patient-reported dysphonia. Data were collected before treatment and one, three and six months post-treatment. RESULTS: Twelve patients were enrolled. Oropharyngeal swallowing was safe and functional at all times. Three patients exhibited oesophageal motility disorders before treatment, and a further three post-treatment. Oral intake was most compromised one month post-treatment with five patients either tube dependent or eating very limited diets. At all other times patients were eating normal or near-normal diets. Despite normal oropharyngeal swallowing on VFSS, three patients reported moderate or severe dysphagia one month post-treatment. Three additional patients reported moderate or severe difficulties three and six months post-treatment. Patients who reported dysphagia one month post-treatment all received a mean and maximum oesophageal dose of ≥15.7 Gy and ≥42 Gy, respectively. Dose-response relationships were not apparent three and six months post-treatment. Voice problems varied, with worst scores reported one month post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified discordance between observed swallowing function and patient-reported problems, which has clinical implications for patient management, and highlights future research needs. Ongoing efforts to reduce mucosal toxicity in patients with lung cancer are essential.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Deglución , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Medición de Resultados Informados por el Paciente , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of and characteristics associated with fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) among human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) survivors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in HPV-OPC survivors ≥12 months from completion of definitive (chemo)radiation therapy (RT/CRT). Eligible patients completed the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory short-form (FCRI-SF), the European Organisation for research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30, MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head and Neck, and PROMIS Anxiety and Depression short forms. Associations between FCRI-SF scores and other variables were investigated using linear regression models. RESULTS: A total of 136 HPV-OPC survivors were enrolled; the median age was 61 years (range, 42-87 years), 84% were male, 72% were currently partnered, 83% were current nonsmokers, 67% were regular alcohol consumers, and the median time since treatment was 2.8 years (range, 1.0-5.5 years). Clinical levels of FCR (≥13) were observed in 72 of 135 patients (53%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 45%-62%). Characteristics significantly associated with increasing FCR scores were younger age (-0.9/5 years; 95% CI, -1.7 to -0.01; P = .031), lower global quality of life (-0.8/10 unit increase; 95% CI, -1.4 to -0.2; P = .012), higher symptom interference (0.8/unit increase; 95% CI, 0.1-1.5; P = .017), and a higher burden of anxiety (0.4/unit; 95% CI, 0.3-0.5; P <.001) and depression (0.3/unit; 95% CI, 0.1-0.4; P <.001). Other sociodemographic tumor- and treatment-related characteristics were not statistically significant. Compared with patients reporting nonclinical levels of FCR, significantly more patients reporting clinical levels of FCR than expected believed professional psychological assistance would have been beneficial (60% vs 33%; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical levels of FCR were observed in approximately half of the HPV-OPC survivors. Survivors reporting higher FCR were younger with worse self-reported global quality of life and higher symptom interference and emotional distress. No other patient, tumor, or treatment factors were associated with higher FCR.
Asunto(s)
Alphapapillomavirus , Carcinoma , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Estudios Transversales , Miedo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/radioterapia , Papillomaviridae , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Calidad de Vida , SobrevivientesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Health literacy is a significant public health concern, particularly given the increased complexity of chronic disease health management and health system navigation, and documented associations between low health literacy and poor health outcomes. This study therefore aimed to identify the proportion and characteristics of outpatients visiting a specialist cancer hospital who report low health literacy and/or low cancer health literacy. METHOD: This study used a cross-sectional survey administered verbally with patients attending a specialist cancer hospital located in Melbourne, Australia over a two-week period. Process data on conducting health literacy screening within a clinical setting was collected. RESULTS: Those identified with inadequate general health literacy were different to those identified with low cancer-specific health literacy, although overall both proportions were low. Cross-sectional screening of patients was difficult, despite utilising verbal surveying methods designed to increase capacity for participation. CONCLUSION: Health literacy screening using the tools selected was not useful for identifying or describing patients with low health literacy in this setting, given the disparity in those categorised by each measure. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Until the theoretical construct of health literacy is better defined, measurement of health literacy may not be clinically useful.
Asunto(s)
Alfabetización en Salud , Neoplasias , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Evidence-based guidelines exist to guide health professionals and services about cancer nutrition care; however, the views of cancer patients and carers are not well understood. This study aimed to understand the experience and needs of cancer patients and carers regarding nutrition care across the care continuum. METHODS: Using a mixed-methods approach, cancer patients and carers completed a cross-sectional online survey and focus groups. Participants were recruited through health services and cancer organisation consumer networks via email distribution lists, e-newsletters, and social media. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: Of 165 survey respondents, only 51% (n=84) reported they talked to a health professional about their nutrition care at any time-point, and only 32% with a dietitian. The majority (84%) of patients and carers felt nutrition was important at one or more time-points in their cancer path, indicating during and after cancer treatment the most important. However, perceived support from health professionals for nutrition care was deemed low at all time-points. Five focus groups were held (n=20; 16 patients, 2 carers, 2 both patients/carers) and five themes emerged: nutrition information, experiences and need; control over diet and nutrition; importance and value of nutrition; access to support; what optimal nutrition care looks like. CONCLUSION: Patients and carers felt nutrition was important during their cancer path, but perceived support from health professionals for nutrition care was low. This study has highlighted patient and carer nutrition experiences that will inform development of a co-designed optimal cancer nutrition care pathway.
Asunto(s)
Cuidadores , Neoplasias , Estudios Transversales , Grupos Focales , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Cancer fatigue guidelines recommend routine fatigue screening, with further assessment for people reporting moderate to severe fatigue. There is neither a gold-standard, nor a broadly accepted screening method, and knowledge about the impact of screening on care processes is limited. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of 2 fatigue screening methods and current clinical practice in cancer outpatient clinics. METHODS: Hospital outpatients attending cancer clinics during 1 week completed a five-item survey: a numeric scale for current tiredness, 2 categorical pictorial scales rating tiredness last week and the impact of fatigue (Fatigue Pictogram), screening tool preference and help needed for survey completion. Participant demographics and fatigue documentation by clinical staff for that appointment were extracted from medical records. Analyses used descriptive statistics. Groups were compared using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS: Over 75% of participants rated their fatigue consistently as mild or significant on both screening tools. Of 1709 eligible outpatients, 533 (31%) completed the survey. Records were audited for 430 (81%) identifiable participants. Over half of the participants reported moderate or severe tiredness either "now" (237, 57%) and/or "last week" (226, 53%). Clinician documentation of fatigue seldom matched self-reports. Fatigue was rated as severe by 103 participants (24%), yet was noted in only 21 (20%) of these individuals' clinical notes. Both screening tools were equally preferred. CONCLUSION: The numeric rating scale and Fatigue Pictogram are equally applicable for screening fatigue in cancer outpatient care. There is a high prevalence of clinically significant fatigue in a hospital outpatient setting that is not documented. Adequate care pathways for further management should be established alongside fatigue screening.
Asunto(s)
Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Neoplasias , Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria , Fatiga/diagnóstico , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Pacientes AmbulatoriosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To examine sexual health, including sexual satisfaction, and perceived changes in relationships and sexual relationships of human papillomavirus (HPV) oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) survivors ≥12 months after (chemo)radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We undertook a cross-sectional study of HPV-OPC survivors who had completed treatment ≥12 months prior. Eligible patients completed the EORTC QLQ-SHQ22, a customized relationship questionnaire, the EORTC QLQ-C30, MDASI-HN, and PROMIS Anxiety and Depression scales. RESULTS: We enrolled 136 survivors (median age, 61 years [range, 42-87 years]; male, 84%; currently partnered, 72%). The median time from (chemo)radiation therapy completion was 2.8 years (range, 1.0-5.5 years). Most patients (71/131; 60%) reported an active sex life as important; however, only 20% (26/133) reported significant recent sexual activity ("quite a bit"/"very much"). The mean sexual satisfaction score was 47/100 (interquartile range, 27-67; standard deviation 28). On univariable analysis, greater sexual satisfaction was positively associated with greater importance of sexual activity, stronger libido, greater relationship security, and more erection confidence (males). Lower sexual satisfaction was significantly associated with female sex (P = .04), more medical comorbidities (P = .008), and more time since treatment completion (P = .006). Only a few patients reported a change in their marital status (10/136; 7%). The majority (62/109; 57%) of patients partnered at diagnosis reported no change in their precancer relationship. Among those reporting a change, it was more frequently perceived as positive (29/109; 27%) than negative (16/109; 15%). Regarding their sexual relationship, 54 of 107 (50%) reported no change, 40 of 107 (37%) reported a negative change, and 8 of 107 (7%) reported a positive change. CONCLUSIONS: Although an active sex life is important to many HPV-OPC survivors, fewer reported significant recent sexual activity. Sexual satisfaction scores were moderate in this cohort. Although recall bias was possible, most patients reported either no change or a positive change in their interpersonal relationship. Prospective studies evaluating sexual health outcomes and addressing informational needs in HPV-OPC survivors are needed.
Asunto(s)
Quimioradioterapia , Relaciones Interpersonales , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/terapia , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Salud Sexual , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Supervivientes de Cáncer , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/diagnóstico , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Libido , Masculino , Estado Civil , Persona de Mediana Edad , Orgasmo , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/psicología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virología , Papillomaviridae , Erección Peniana , Calidad de Vida , Autoinforme , Factores Sexuales , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common side effects of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for haematological cancers. Problems can persist between 5 and 10 years post-transplant and impact mood, couple intimacy and relationship satisfaction. Few intervention studies, however, target sexual dysfunction in patients post-HSCT. This pilot study aims to examine the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a psychosexual intervention for HSCT survivors and their partners post-transplantation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Fifteen allogeneic HSCT survivors and their partners will be recruited. Patients who are more than 3 months post-transplantation will be sent invitation letters describing the couples' psychosexual intervention that will be offered through this study. The intervention will comprise two components: (1) psychosexual education about medical and behavioural treatment options for sexual dysfunction delivered by a haematology nurse consultant; (2) emotionally focused therapy-based relationship education programme for couples delivered by a clinical psychologist (four sessions of 1.5 hours each). Couples who consent to participate will be administered a series of measures assessing mood, relationship satisfaction and sexual dysfunction preintervention and post-intervention, as well as satisfaction with the intervention postintervention. Feasibility of the intervention will be examined via recording enrolment rate, adherence, compliance with completing outcome measures and fidelity of intervention delivery. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval has been obtained at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne, Australia. Results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal so that in can be accessed by clinicians involved in the care of allogeneic HSCT patients. If this intervention is found to be feasible and acceptable, its impact will be examined in a future randomised controlled trial and subsequently implemented as part of routine care in the allogeneic HSCT population.