Características orofaciais e risco para apneia obstrutiva do sono em hipertensos / Caracteristicas orofaciales y riesgo de anea obstructiva del sueño em hipertensos / Orofacial characteristics and risk for obstructive sleep apnea in hypertensive individuals

Anormalidades da anatomia orofacial estão envolvidas na patogênese da Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono porfacilitarem o fechamento das vias áreas. O estudo objetivou associar a presença de alterações orofaciais ao risco deApnéia Obstrutiva do Sono em hipertensos. 95 indivíduos (46% homens e 54% mulheres, 64 ± 10 anos) foram avaliadosquanto à distância tireomentoniana, Mallampati, palato ogival, grau de Angle, índice de massa corpórea, circunferênciasabdominal e pescoço. O risco para Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono foi obtido pelo Questionário de Berlim.Foram observadosíndice de massa corpórea de 30 ± 5 Kg/m2, circunferência abdominal de 101 ± 12 cm e do pescoço 39 ± 3cm. Correlaçõespositivas foram observadas entre classificação de Mallampati, circunferências abdominal e do pescoço (p= 0,025 e 0,03,respectivamente). Pelo Questionário de Berlim, 46 indivíduos (48%) apresentavam alto risco, dos quais76% classificadoscomo Mallampati III/ IV, 69% distância tireomentoniana < 6 cm, 26% Angle II e 10% palato ogival. A prevalência dealterações orofaciais foi maior nos indivíduos comrisco elevado (93%) do que nos de baixo risco (50%). Alterações naanatomia orofacial, particularmente Mallampati, reiteram risco de Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono e podem facilitar a triagemclínica como diagnóstico precoce.

A survey of 460 supernumerary teeth in Brazilian children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to survey the demographic profile of supernumerary teeth (ST) in Brazilian children and adolescents. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out of all nonsyndromic patients with ST attended at the Pediatric Oral Surgery Service of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais between 1995 and 2004. Diagnosis of ST was based on clinical and radiographic examination. Chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: This study included 460 ST found in 305 patients. Radiographic assessment (32.1%) was the main care-seeking reason and also the means through which most (97.6%) permanent ST were identified. Most cases were single (63.0%), conical (44.6%), and unerupted (76.8%) ST. Most teeth were fully developed (41.3%), normally orientated (78.9%), placed in a palatal/lingual-sagittal position (84.1%), adjacent to the crown of permanent teeth (50.2%) (P < 0.001). The most frequent clinical complication was permanent teeth displacement (36.0%). Treatment was surgical removal followed by orthodontics (61.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The demographic profile of ST herein presented will be useful to provide additional epidemiological information. A wide range of factors should be considered when evaluating ST. In addition, it is essential to detect ST as early as possible to avoid complications and to assure successful management. Even after treatment, patients must be followed up.

Association between GSTT-1 gene deletion and the susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma in cigarette-smoking subjects.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is related to tobacco use and alcohol consumption and the individual susceptibility for development of this tumor has been associated with xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes polymorphisms. Glutathione S-transferase Theta-1 (GSTT1) is a phase II metabolic enzyme that catalyzes detoxification reactions of carcinogenic compounds. A genetic polymorphism of the GSTT1 gene is characterized by a complete gene deletion and consequent absence of the enzyme. The null genotype (gene deleted) of GSTT1 has a decreased capacity in detoxifying carcinogens present in tobacco smoke, leading the formation of DNA-adducts and DNA damage. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between GSTT1 polymorphism and risk for OSCC development in a Brazilian population. We investigated the GSTT1 polymorphism in 87 patients with OSCC and 81 age-sex matched controls. The genotypes were studied by PCR-based methods. Individuals homozygous for the wild type GSTT1 (+/+) and heterozygous (+/0) were grouped together. The prevalence of GSTT1 deficiency (null) was significantly higher in the group with OSSC patients with oral cancer of the floor of the mouth. The results suggest that GSTT1 polymorphism increases the risk for OSCC development.

GSTM1 polymorphism and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

We investigated the frequency of the GSTM1 genotypes in 70 Brazilian patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 82 age-sex matched controls. The GSTM1 genotypes were studied by PCR-based methods. The frequency of male patients with OSCC and null for the GSTM1 (70.5%) was statistically different from the male patients from the control group (48.5%) (Odds Ratio, OR=2.53, 95% CI=1.22-5.24, P<0.05). The frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype (0/0) in the group with OSCC (65.7%) was statistically different from the controls (48.7%) (OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.04-3.88, P<0.05). The prevalence of GSTM1 deficiency (null) was significantly higher for patients with oral cancer of the floor of the mouth (OR=3.67, 95% CI=1.11-12.11, P<0.05). In conclusion, the GSTM1 null genotype may increase the risk for OSCC development.

TP53 codon 72 polymorphism in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multifactorial neoplasm related to tobacco smoke, alcohol consumption and molecular genetic changes such as p53 mutations. The human tumor suppressor gene TP53 contains single nucleotide polymorphism that encodes either arginin (Arg) or proline (Pro) at amino acid codon 72 of the p53 protein. The relationship between human cancer susceptibility and p53 polymorphism at codon 72 is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between this polymorphism and OSCC development in a Brazilian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-two patients with OSCC and 82 age-sex-matched controls were included in the study. DNA was extracted from all subjects' normal oral mucosa and the polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) was performed for detection of the TP53 genotypes. PCR products were analyzed in a 6.5% polycrylamide gel and silver-stained. Statistical analyses were performed with the chi 2 test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The frequencies of the genotypes Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro, were 37.8%, 54.8% and 7.4%, respectively, for OSCC cases and 40.2%, 54.8% and 4.9% for controls. No significant differences in the distribution of TP53 genotypes were seen between the groups (p = 0.794). CONCLUSION: The present study does not support the hypothesis that this TP53 polymorphism is associated with oral cancer susceptibility.

Correçäo do componente P do índice CPOS em uma populaçäo adulta brasileira / Correction factor for the M-component the DMFS index in an adult population

A experiência de cárie dentária é mensurada através da utilizaçäo de índices, sendo o CPOS um dos mais utilizados para essa finalidade. Diversas säo as limitaçöes deste índice, salientando-se o seu componente P. No momento da perda de um elemento dentário säo consideradas perdidas, por este indicador, 4 superfícies cariadas nos dentes anteriores e 5 nos elementos posteriores, que nem sempre sofreram o ataque carioso. A necessidade de correçäo do valor do componente P do índice CPOS foi verificada neste trabalho. Foram avaliados clinica e radiograficamente 177 elementos dentários extraídos de 107 pacientes da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. O valor da média ponderada do número de superfícies cariadas nos dentes extraídos, considerando o total desta polpulaçäo, foi igual a 3,0. O valor corrigido do componente P correspondeu a 3,5 para o grupo com idade até 35 anos e 2,5 para faixa etária acima de 35 anos. Nenhuma diferença entre os sexos foi observada. Assim, é correto propor a correlaçäo do componente P ao se utilizar o índice CPOS nesta populaçäo e em outras populaçöes com semelhantes prevalência de cárie dentária