Multi-Enzyme-Based Superabsorbent Hydrogel for Self-Enhanced NIR-II Photothermal-Catalytic Antibacterial Therapy.

The synergistic strategy of nanozyme-based catalytic therapy and photothermal therapy holds great potential for combating bacterial infection. However, challenges such as single and limited enzyme catalytic property, unfavorable catalytic environment, ineffective interaction between nanozymes and bacteria, unsafe laser irradiation ranges, and failed trauma fluid management impede their antibacterial capability and wound healing speed. Herein, for the first time, a PNMn hydrogel is fabricated with multi-enzyme activities and excellent near-infrared (NIR)-II photothermal performance for self-enhanced NIR-II photothermal-catalytic capabilities to efficiently eradicate bacteria. This hydrogel triggers parallel and cascade reactions to generate •OH, •O2 - , and 1 O2 radicals from H2 O2 and O2 without external energy input. Notably, it provides a suitable catalytic environment while capturing bacteria (≈30.1% of Escherichia coli and ≈29.3% of Staphylococcus aureus) to reinforce antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the PNMn hydrogel expedites skin wound healing by managing excess fluid (swelling rate up to ≈7299%). The PNMn hydrogel possesses remarkable stretching, elasticity, toughness, and adhesive characteristics under any shape of the wound, thus making it suitable for wound dressing. Therefore, the PNMn hydrogel has great potential to be employed as a next-generation wound dressing in the clinical context, providing a non-antibiotic strategy to improve the antibacterial performance and promote wound healing.

A Cretaceous bug with exaggerated antennae might be a double-edged sword in evolution.

Sexual selection can favor production of exaggerated features, but the high cost of such features in terms of energy consumption and enemy avoidance makes them go to extinction under the influence of natural selection. However, fossils preserved with specialized features are very rare. Here, we report a new nymph from Burmese amber, Magnusantena wuae Du & Chen gen. et sp. nov., which has exaggerated leaf-like expanded antennae. Such bizarre antennae indicate that sensitive and delicate sensory system and magnificent appearance in Hemiptera have been already established in mid-Cretaceous. Our findings may provide evidence for Darwin's view that sensory organs play an important role in sexual selection. This nymph with the leaf-like antennae may also represents a new camouflage pattern. However, the oversized antennae are costly to develop and maintain, increasing the risks from predators. Such unparalleled expanded antennae might be the key factor for the evolutionary fate of the coreid.

Author Correction: The first amber caridean shrimp from Mexico reveals the ancient adaptation of the Palaemon to the mangrove estuary environment.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

The first amber caridean shrimp from Mexico reveals the ancient adaptation of the Palaemon to the mangrove estuary environment.

The aquatic and semiaquatic invertebrates in fossiliferous amber have been reported, including taxa in a wide range of the subphylum Crustacea of Arthropoda. However, no caridean shrimp has been discovered so far in the world. The shrimp Palaemon aestuarius sp. nov. (Palaemonidae) preserved in amber from Chiapas, Mexico during Early Miocene (ca. 22.8 Ma) represents the first and the oldest amber caridean species. This finding suggests that the genus Palaemon has occupied Mexico at least since Early Miocene. In addition, the coexistence of the shrimp, a beetle larva, and a piece of residual leaf in the same amber supports the previous explanations for the Mexican amber depositional environment, in the tide-influenced mangrove estuary region.

Photoelectron Holographic Interferometry to Probe the Longitudinal Momentum Offset at the Tunnel Exit.

Laser-induced electron tunneling underlies numerous emerging spectroscopic techniques to probe attosecond electron dynamics in atoms and molecules. The improvement of those techniques requires an accurate knowledge of the exit momentum for the tunneling wave packet. Here we demonstrate a photoelectron interferometric scheme to probe the electron momentum longitudinal to the tunnel direction at the tunnel exit by measuring the photoelectron holographic pattern in an orthogonally polarized two-color laser pulse. In this scheme, we use a perturbative 400-nm laser field to modulate the photoelectron holographic fringes generated by a strong 800-nm pulse. The fringe shift offers direct experimental access to the intermediate canonical momentum of the rescattering electron, allowing us to reconstruct the momentum offset at the tunnel exit with high accuracy. Our result unambiguously proves the existence of nonzero initial longitudinal momentum at the tunnel exit and provides fundamental insights into the nonquasistatic nature of the strong-field tunneling.

Detecting and Characterizing the Nonadiabaticity of Laser-Induced Quantum Tunneling.

The nonadiabaticity of quantum tunneling through an evolving barrier is relevant to resolving laser-driven dynamics of atoms and molecules at an attosecond timescale. Here, we propose and demonstrate a novel scheme to detect the nonadiabatic behavior of tunnel ionization studied in an attoclock configuration, without counting on the laser intensity calibration or the modeling of the Coulomb effect. In our scheme, the degree of nonadiabaticity for tunneling scenarios in elliptically polarized laser fields can be steered continuously simply with the pulse ellipticity, while the critical instantaneous vector potentials remain identical. We observe the characteristic feature of the measured photoelectron momentum distributions, which matches the distinctive prediction of nonadiabatic theories. In particular, our experiments demonstrate that the nonadiabatic initial transverse momentum at the tunnel exit is approximately proportional to the instantaneous effective Keldysh parameters in the tunneling regime, as predicted theoretically by Ohmi, Tolstikhin, and Morishita [Phys. Rev. A 92, 043402 (2015)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.92.043402]. Our study clarifies a long-standing controversy over the validation of the adiabatic approximation and will substantially advance studies of laser-induced ultrafast dynamics in experiments.

Notes on the genus Larnaca Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Gryllacridinae) from China.

Walker (1869) proposed the genus Larnaca with type species Larnaca fasciata Walker, 1869. Karny (1937) gave the characters of the genus and listed 8 species. Gorochov (2003) subdivided the genus into two subgenera: Larnaca and Paralarnaca, and their type species are Larnaca (Larnaca) fasciata Walker, 1869 (Malesia) and Larnaca (Paralarnaca) johni (Griffini, 1911) (Malesia) respectively, and described 2 new species, i.e. Larnaca (Larnaca) vietnamensis Gorochov, 2003 (type locality: Vietnam) and Larnaca (Larnaca) phetchaburi Gorochov, 2003 (type locality: Thailand). Bian et al. (2015) firstly reported Larnaca Walker, 1869 from China, and described 1 new species, i.e. Larnaca (Larnaca) emarginata Bian, Guo & Shi, 2015. So far, the genus Larnaca includes 13 species.

Comments on the genus Zalarnaca Gorochov, 2005 (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae) with two new combinations and two new synonyms.

Two new combinations of the genus Zalarnaca Gorochov, 2005 are reported and illustrated, i.e. Zalarnaca (Glolarnaca) sinica (Li, Liu & Li, 2016) com. nov.; Zalarnaca (Glolarnaca) hainanica (Li, Liu & Li, 2016) com. nov. Also two synonyms are confirmed: Prosopogryllacris chinensis Li, Liu & Li, 2016 synonymized with Eugryllacris elongata Bian & Shi, 2016, and Prosopogryllacris incisa Li, Liu & Li, 2016 synonymized with Eugryllacris longifissa Bian & Shi, 2016. All material examined is deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.

A supplement of the genus Diaphanogryllacris (Orthoptera: Gryllacridinae) from China.

Based on the earlier studies (Karny, 1937; Bey-Bienko, 1957; Bey-Bienko & Andrianova, 1959; Di et al., 2014; Liu, 1999; Gorochov & Woznessenskij, 2000; Otte, 2000), Gorochov et al. (2015) reported 4 new species and 3 new subspecies from Thailand and Laos, and Du et al. (2016) described 2 new species from China. So far, the genus Diaphanogryllacris includes 26 species (Eades et al., 2016), 5 of which are recorded in China. This paper is a continuation studies for the Chinese Diaphanogryllacris.

Review of the genus Diaphanogryllacris (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae) with description two new species from China.

Two new species of the genus Diaphanogryllacris from China are described, i.e. Diaphanogryllacris brevispina sp. nov. and Diaphanogryllacris incavatis sp. nov.. In addition, a distribution map of the species of the genus Diaphanogryllacris from China is presented. All material examined is deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.

Notes on the genus Homogryllacris Liu, 2007 (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae) with description of two new species from China.

Two new species of the genus Homogryllacris Liu, 2007 are described and illustrated, i.e. Homogryllacris brevipenna sp. nov. (type locality: Yunnan), Homogryllacris curvicauda sp. nov. (type locality: Guangxi). A key to the species, additional bionomics and a distribution map for the genus Homogryllacris are provided. All material examined is deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.

Notes on the genus Conanalus Tinkham, 1943 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) with one new species from Yunnan, China.

The paper describes one new species, i.e. Conanalus bilobus sp. nov., and provides additional information on Conanalus brevicaudus Shi, Mao & Ou, 2008 (including female description for the first time), and Conanalus robustus Shi, Mao & Ou, 2008 from Yunnan, as well as illustrations of important morphological characters of Conanalus axinus Shi, Wang & Fu, 2005. A distribution map of the species of Conanalus from Yunnan, China is presented. The type material is deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.

Male description and intraspecific variations of Cyrtopsis t-sigillata (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae).

The paper describes the male of Cyrtopsis t-sigillata Liu, Zhou & Bi, 2010 for the first time, and discusses individual variations in the species. It provides the photos of important morphological features, and offers a distribution map about the genus Cyrtopsis Bey-Bienko, 1962. The examined material is deposited in the Museum of Hebei University. Morphological images were acquired using Leica M205 A digital imaging system.