Rhizospheric microbiota of suppressive soil protect plants against Fusarium solani infection.

BACKGROUND: Fusarium infection has caused huge economic losses in many crops. The study aimed to compare the microbial community of suppressive and conducive soils and relate to the reduction of Fusarium wilt. RESULTS: High-throughput sequencing and microbial network analysis were used to investigate the differences in the rhizosphere microbiota of the suppressive and conducive soils and to identify the beneficial keystone taxa. Plant pathogens were enriched in the conducive soil. Potential plant-beneficial microorganisms and antagonistic microorganisms were enriched in the suppressive soil. More positive interactions and keystone taxa existed in the suppressive soil network. Thirty-nine and 16 keystone taxa were identified in the suppressive and conducive soil networks, respectively. Sixteen fungal strains and 168 bacterial strains were isolated from suppressive soil, some of which exhibited plant growth-promotion traits. Thirty-nine bacterial strains and 10 fungal strains showed antagonistic activity against F. solani. Keystone taxa Bacillus and Trichoderma exhibited high antifungal activity. Lipopeptides produced by Bacillus sp. RB150 and chitinase from Trichoderma spp. inhibited the growth of F. solani. Microbial consortium I (Bacillus sp. RB150, Pseudomonas sp. RB70 and Trichoderma asperellum RF10) and II (Bacillus sp. RB196, Bacillus sp. RB150 and T. asperellum RF10) effectively controlled root rot disease, the spore number of F. solani was reduced by 94.2% and 83.3%. CONCLUSION: Rhizospheric microbiota of suppressive soil protects plants against F. solani infection. Antagonistic microorganisms in suppressive soil inhibit pathogen growth and infection. Microbial consortia consisted of keystone taxa well control root rot disease. These findings help control Fusarium wilt. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Oxidation behavior and performance deterioration of cracking furnace tubes in service.

In recent years, the centrifugal casting material Cr35Ni45Nb has been widely used in cracking furnace tubes. The common failure forms in the service process are carburizing cracking, bending, bulging, creep cracking, thermal fatigue cracking, thermal shock cracking, and oxidation, among which the inner wall oxidation and carburization of cracking furnace tubes cause the largest proportion of material failure. In this paper, we will discuss the inner wall oxidation behavior of cracking furnace tubes and its influence on the lasting strength of the furnace tubes. Several groups of endurance tests were designed for service furnace tubes, and the oxidation characteristics, oxide film rupture damage, and its influence on the endurance life of furnace tubes in different service times were analyzed by means of XRD, SEM, and so on. The results show that the oxide layer of the furnace tube is divided into two layers, the outer layer is repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt. With the continuous evolution of material structure, its properties also deteriorate, and its tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and durable life all decrease significantly.

Single and mixture toxicity of cadmium and copper to swim bladder in early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes).

Toxicity observed in aquatic ecosystems often cannot be explained by the action of a single pollutant. Likewise, evaluation standards formulated by a single effect cannot truly reflect the environmental quality requirements. The study of mixtures is needed to provide environmental relevance and knowledge of combined toxicity. In this study, the embryos of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were treated with individual and binary mixture of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) until 12 days post-fertilization (dpf). Hatching, mortality, development, histology and gene expression were assessed. Our results showed that the highest concentration mixture of Cd (10 mg/L) and Cu (1 mg/L) affected survival, hatching time and hatching success. Occurrence of uninflated swim bladder was the highest (value) with exposure to 10 mg/L Cd. Swim bladder was commonly over-inflated in a mixture (0.1 mg/L Cd + 1.0 mg/L Cu) exposure. Individuals exposed to the mixture (0.1 Cd + 1.0 Cu mg/L) showed up to a 7.69% increase in swim bladder area compared to the control group. The mixtures containing 0.1 or 10 mg/L Cd, each with 1.0 mg/L Cu resulted in significantly increased of Pbx1b expression, higher than any Cd or Cu alone (p < 0.01). In the co-exposure group (0.1/10 Cd + 1.0 Cu mg/L), Pbx1b expression was found at 12 dpf but not 7 dpf in controls. Higher concentrations of Cd may progressively reduce Pbx1b expression, potentially explaining why 75% of individuals in the 10 mg/L Cd group failed to inflate their swim bladders. Additionally, the swim bladder proved to be a valuable bio-indicator for biological evaluation.

Some thoughts on integrity management of mounded storage tanks.

In the domestic petrochemical industry, mounded storage tanks (MSTs) are widely used to store hazardous chemicals. The shell of the mounded storage tank is completely covered by soil to effectively mitigate the effect of the external environment and prevent thermal-expansion-induced explosion of the stored material. Because mounded storage tanks are mostly underground, they are highly safe, provide effective land utilization, and are highly energy efficient. Furthermore, the impact radius in case of an explosion is less than that of aboveground tanks. However, adequate regulations and standards for safety management are yet to be established. This study established a novel method for the integrity management of mounded storage tanks through database construction, risk assessment, applicability monitoring, and testing. At the same time, the risk assessment method for mounded storage tank characteristics is constructed for the first time.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress participates in apoptosis of HeLa cells exposed to TPHP and OH-TPHP via the eIF2α-ATF4/ATF3-CHOP-DR5/P53 signaling pathway.

Purpose: Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a widely used organophosphate flame retardant, which can be transformed in vivo into diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and 4-hydroxyphenyl phosphate (diphenyl) ester (OH-TPHP) through biotransformation process. Accumulation of TPHP and its derivatives in biological tissues makes it necessary to investigate their toxicity and molecular mechanism. Methods: The present study evaluated the cellular effects of TPHP, DPHP, and OH-TPHP on cell survival, cell membrane damage, oxidative damage, and cell apoptosis using HeLa cells as in vitro model. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to monitor the differently expressed genes, and then RT-qPCR and Western bolt were used to identify potential molecular mechanisms and key hub genes. Results: Results showed that OH-TPHP had the most significant cytotoxic effect in HeLa cells, followed by TPHP; and no significant cytotoxic effects were observed for DPHP exposure within the experimental concentrations. Biological function enrichment analysis suggested that TPHP and OH-TPHP exposure may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell apoptosis. The nodes filtering revealed that ERS and apoptosis related genes were involved in biological effects induced by TPHP and OH-TPHP, which may be mediated through the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/ATF3- CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) cascade pathway and death receptor 5 (DR5) /P53 signaling axis. Conclusion: Above all, these findings indicated that ERS-mediated apoptosis might be one of potential mechanisms for cytotoxicity of TPHP and OH-TPHP.

Combining ultrasonic guided wave and low-frequency electromagnetic technology for defect detection in high-temperature Cr-Ni alloy furnace tubes.

Cracking furnaces, operating under high temperatures and in a hydrocarbon medium, subject their tubes to complex stresses such as internal pressure, self-weight, fatigue, and thermal shock during start-up and shutdown. As a result, these furnace tubes frequently experience failures characterized by cracks and corrosion perforation. The high-temperature environment, constantly evolving structure of the tubes, and the close arrangement of the cracks within the tube box hinder detecting the cracks using conventional single-detection methods is challenging. This paper breaks through the limitations of the traditional single detection method and studies the effectiveness of the combination of ultrasonic-guided wave and low-frequency electromagnetic detection methods. The experiment was carried out by deliberately making cracks and thinning defects caused by corrosion on the cracking furnace tube of Cr35Ni45Nb after two years of service. The experimental results show that the ultrasonic guided wave detection technology can quickly detect the defects running through the whole furnace tube and effectively identify the manufacturing defects. On the other hand, low-frequency electromagnetic detection makes it possible to scan suspicious local defects and make qualitative and quantitative analyses of defect signals. The combination of ultrasonic guided wave and low-frequency electromagnetic detection can realize the rapid location and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of furnace tube defects, thus making up for the defects missed detection caused by the lack of effectiveness of single detection and the resulting safety problems. The research results have great popularization value in practical engineering applications.

Application of nematicide avermectin enriched antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in farmland soil.

The extensive use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture has resulted in the accumulation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environments, which threaten human health and contaminate environment. Nematicide avermectin is widely applied to control root-knot nematodes. The effect of five-years application of avermectin on rhizosphere microbiome and resistome of sick tobacco plants in farmland were investigated in present study. The environmental risks of avermectin was assessed adequately. Metagenomic method was used to analyze antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in the avermectin-treated soil. The abundance and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their antibiotic resistance genes were affected by avermectin application. The antibiotic resistant Proteobacteria occupied the highest percentage (36%) in rhizosphere soil and carried 530 ARGs. Opportunistic human pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes were enriched in the avermectin-treated soil. Avermectin application increased the counts of many types of antibiotic resistance genes. The relative abundances of genes adeF, BahA, fusH, ileS, and tlrB in the avermectin-treated soil were significantly greater than in the untreated control soil. Different resistance mechanisms were revealed in the avermectin-treated soil. The efflux of antibiotic (670 ARGs), inactivation of antibiotic (475 ARGs), and alteration of antibiotic target (267 ARGs) were the main resistance mechanisms. Rigid control the avermectin dose and use frequency and other pesticides can decrease soil antibiotic resistance genes and protect agricultural products' safety and public health. Overall, application of nematicide avermectin enriched antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in farmland soil, which should be on the alert for environment protection.

Research on the Application of an HFO1234yf/HFC134a Mixture in a Vehicle Air-Conditioner System with an Internal Heat Exchanger.

The application of a mixed refrigerant HFO1234yf/HFC134a (89:11, by mass) of GWP 144 in a vehicle air-conditioner system with and without an internal heat exchanger was studied under refrigerating and heating conditions, and it was compared with an R134a original system. The results show that under refrigerating conditions, the refrigerating capacity of the HFO1234yf/HFC134a system with an internal heat exchanger is increased by 2-4%, which is slightly larger than that of R134a system. The refrigerating COP of the HFO1234yf/HFC134a system with an internal heat exchanger is increased not largely. However, it tends to decrease at high-temperature conditions. In heating conditions, the heat capacity of the HFO1234yf/HFC134a system with an internal heat exchanger is improved by 2-5%, basically equal to that of the R134a system. The heating COP of HFO1234yf/HFC134a with an internal heat exchanger is increased with a maximum of 6% at low-temperature conditions. HFO1234yf/HFC134a can be used as an environmental alternative to R134a as an introduction of an internal heat exchanger into an automobile air-conditioning systems.

Induction of Resistance of Antagonistic Bacterium Burkholderia contaminans to Postharvest Botrytis cinerea in Rosa vinifera.

In order to study the problem that grapes are vulnerable to microbial infection and decay during storage, a method based on antagonistic Burkholderia contaminans against postharvest Botrytis cinerea of Rosa vinifera was proposed in this paper. The method tested the resistance induction mechanism of Botrytis cinerea after harvest and determined the fruit decay rate treated by antagonistic Burkholderia contaminans. The results showed that the antagonistic bacterium B-1 had bacteriostatic effect on many common pathogens of fruits and vegetables to a certain extent, and the bacteriostatic range was wide. Among them, the inhibition rate of Fusarium moniliforme was 75.5% and that of Botrytis cinerea was 51.2%. After testing, it can be found that antagonistic bacteria have an inhibitory effect on pathogenic fungi and have an effect on phenylpropane metabolic pathway, reactive oxygen species metabolic pathway, and the activities of other resistance-related enzymes. Through comparison, it can be found that the antagonistic Burkholderia contaminans has a strong antibacterial mechanism against Botrytis cinerea of rose grape after harvest. The fruit treated with antagonistic B Burkholderia B-1 has significantly reduced the decay rate and increased the activity of antibacterial active protein.

Strategies and Considerations for Improving Recombinant Antibody Production and Quality in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells.

Recombinant antibodies are rapidly developing therapeutic agents; approximately 40 novel antibody molecules enter clinical trials each year, most of which are produced from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. However, one of the major bottlenecks restricting the development of antibody drugs is how to perform high-level expression and production of recombinant antibodies. The high-efficiency expression and quality of recombinant antibodies in CHO cells is determined by multiple factors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of several state-of-the-art approaches, such as optimization of gene sequence of antibody, construction and optimization of high-efficiency expression vector, using antibody expression system, transformation of host cell lines, and glycosylation modification. Finally, the authors discuss the potential of large-scale production of recombinant antibodies and development of culture processes for biopharmaceutical manufacturing in the future.

Predictive role of endometrial T-bet/GATA3 ratio during mid-luteal phase for live birth in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization: A retrospective observational study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether endometrial T-bet (Th1 lineage-committed transcription factor)/GATA3 (Th2 lineage-committed transcription factor) ratio has predictive potential for embryo implantation in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective observational study. In total, this study included 319 infertile women (253 women as the development cohort and 66 women as the validation cohort). Samples were obtained by endometrial scratching in the mid-luteal phase before IVF-ET treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immunohistochemistry was utilized to analyze the expression levels of T-bet and GATA3 in the endometrium. Predictive value of endometrial T-bet/GATA3 for live birth were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In the development cohort, the T-bet/GATA3 ratio was significantly lower in women with live birth than those patients with non-live birth [0.148 (0.101, 0.212) vs. 0.246 (0.170, 0.399), P＜0.0001]. In the validation cohort, changes in endometrial T-bet/GATA3 were similar among these groups. The endometrial T-bet/GATA3 ratio was an independent predictor of live birth after correction for patient age, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), quality of embryos transferred and other clinical characteristics (aOR = 0.280, 95 % CI: 0.169-0.462, P＜0.001). We developed and validated that an endometrial T-bet/GATA3 ratio at the cut-off of 0.22 had significant predictive value for live birth (developmental cohort: AUC = 0.76, 95 % CI: 0.70-0.81, P < 0.0001. validation cohort: AUC = 0.85 95 % CI: 0.76-0.95, P < 0.0001). Our results suggest that elevated endometrial T-bet/GATA3 ratio is an independent marker of live birth in infertile patients.

Coordination of carbon and nitrogen accumulation and translocation of winter wheat plant to improve grain yield and processing quality.

The objective of this work was to characterize the accumulation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and the translocation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to achieve both high-quality and high-yield. Twenty-four wheat cultivars, including 12 cultivars containing high-quality gluten subunit 5 + 10 at Glu-D1, and 12 cultivars with no Glu-D1 5 + 10, were planted at Yuanyang and Xuchang in Henan Province, during 2016-2017, and 2017-2018 cropping seasons. Wheat cultivars containing Glu-D1 5 + 10 had an advantage in grain quality traits. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed for grain protein concentration (GPC) between 5 + 10 group and no 5 + 10 group. Grain yield (GY) was significantly correlated with kernel number (KN) (r = 0.778, P < 0.01), thousand-kernel weight (TKW) (r = 0.559, P < 0.01), dry matter accumulation at post-anthesis (r = 0.443, P < 0.05), and stem water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) accumulation (r = 0.487, P < 0.05) and translocation amount (r = 0.490, P < 0.05). GPC, dough stability time (DST) and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) were significantly correlated with nitrogen accumulation (NAA) at maturity stage (r = 0.524, = 0.404, = 0.418, P < 0.01, < 0.05, < 0.05, respectively), and nitrogen translocation amount (r = 0.512, = 0.471, = 0.405, P < 0.05, < 0.05, < 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that good-quality, high-yield, and high-efficiency could achieve through the selection of high-quality wheat cultivars and coordination of C and N accumulation and translocation. High-quality gluten subunit gene Glu-D1 5 + 10 and stem WSC could be used as a selection index for breeding and production of high-quality and high-yield wheat.

Molecular cloning and functional characterisation of the galactolipid biosynthetic gene TaMGD in wheat grain.

Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), the main component of the plastid membrane, is essential for chloroplast photosynthesis; however, little information is available about the function of MGDG synthases gene (TaMGD) in wheat grain. In this manuscript, three homologous genes were identified in wheat grain, and their functions were investigated by gene silencing and overexpression techniques. Three TaMGD homologous genes, TaMGD-6A, -6B, and -6D, located on chromosome 6A, 6B, and 6D, respectively, were isolated from common wheat. The transcription of TaMGD was detected in stems, roots, leaves and grains, and high levels of gene transcripts were detected in stems and leaves. Silencing of TaMGD in common wheat spikes resulted in a decrease in grain weight and starch content, and proteomic analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins mainly included carbohydrate metabolism- and nucleic acid-related proteins. In comparison with wild-type, transgenic rice plants overexpressing TaMGD-6A and -6D showed an increase in thousand kernel weight, as well as an increase in the expression level of genes related to starch biosynthesis, whereas transgenic rice plants overexpressing TaMGD-6B showed increased grain yield and grain number per spike. The results of gene silencing and overexpression indicated that TaMGD plays an important role in wheat grain weight, which might be associated with carbohydrate metabolism. Hence, this study provides new insights regarding the role of TaMGD in wheat grain characteristics.

Effects of Sputtering Current on Electrochemical Corrosion Characteristics of Nanoscale Chromium Films Deposited by Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering.

Chromium coatings are often used for surface treatment of metals and alloys. In this study, nanoscale chromium coatings were deposited on 316L stainless steel by direct current magnetron sputtering. The effects of sputtering currents on electrochemical corrosion behavior of nanochromium coatings were investigated in 0.5 M H²SO4 + 2 ppm F- solution by electrochemical methods at room temperature. Results showed that the corrosion rates for nano-chromium coatings deposited at 0.25 A, 0.35 A, and 0.4 A were lower than bare steel by more than two orders of magnitude. The chromium coatings deposited at 0.25 A were inclined to degrade in the electrolyte after long-term immersion in the electrolyte, due to lesser coverage of passivity film on chromium coating. Moreover, the chromium coatings deposited at 0.3 A and 0.4 A exhibited excellent corrosion resistance due to formation of a continuous, compact and protective passive film.

Identification of microRNAs in developing wheat grain that are potentially involved in regulating grain characteristics and the response to nitrogen levels.

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the regulation of plant development and growth, but little information is available concerning their roles during grain development under different nitrogen (N) application levels. Our objective was to identify miRNAs related to the regulation of grain characteristics and the response to different N fertilizer conditions. RESULTS: A total of 79 miRNAs (46 known and 33 novel miRNAs) were identified that showed significant differential expression during grain development under both high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) treatments. The miRNAs that were significantly upregulated early in grain development target genes involved mainly in cell differentiation, auxin-activated signaling, and transcription, which may be associated with grain size; miRNAs abundant in the middle and later stages target genes mainly involved in carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, transport, and kinase activity and may be associated with grain filling. Additionally, we identified 50 miRNAs (22 known and 28 novel miRNAs), of which 11, 9, and 39 were differentially expressed between the HN and LN libraries at 7, 17, and 27 days after anthesis (DAA). The miRNAs that were differentially expressed in response to nitrogen conditions target genes involved mainly in carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, the defense response, and transport as well as genes that encode ubiquitin ligase. Only one novel miRNA (PC-5p-2614_215) was significantly upregulated in response to LN treatment at all three stages, and 21 miRNAs showed significant differential expression between HN and LN conditions only at 27 DAA. We therefore propose a model for target gene regulation by miRNAs during grain development with N-responsive patterns. CONCLUSIONS: The potential targets of the identified miRNAs are related to various biological processes, such as carbohydrate/nitrogen metabolism, transcription, cellular differentiation, transport, and defense. Our results indicate that miRNA-mediated networks, via posttranscriptional regulation, play crucial roles in grain development and the N response, which determine wheat grain weight and quality. Our study provides useful information for future research of regulatory mechanisms that focus on improving grain yield and quality.

Analgesic Impact of Single-Shot Versus Continuous Femoral Nerve Block After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Efficient pain management after total knee arthroplasty will accelerate functional recovery and reduce the length of hospital stay. The femoral nerve block is increasingly used in clinical practice owing to its favorable analgesic efficacy. However, the effect of continuous femoral nerve block compared to single-shot femoral nerve block remains controversial. METHODS: Three databases (Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library) were searched for randomized controlled trials up to April 2019. Seven studies with 525 patients were included in this analysis. RESULTS: The pooled estimates showed that the continuous femoral nerve block could relieve the pain at rest [standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals 1.12 (0.63-1.60), I2 = 57%, p < 0.00001] and physical therapy [standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals 1.05 (0.47-1.63), I2 = 71%, p = 0.0004] on postoperative day 1 and reduce total morphine consumption on postoperative day 1 [mean differences with 95% confidence intervals 16.15 (13.75-18.54), I2 = 46%, p < 0.00001] and 2 [mean differences with 95% confidence intervals 7.02 (4.82-9.22), I2 = 35%, p < 0.00001]. There is no significant difference in pain scores at rest and physical therapy on postoperative day 2 and 3, in Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index scores (p = 0.12), the length of hospital stay (p = 0.94) and the incidence of nausea and vomiting (p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the continuous femoral nerve block is more effective than single-shot femoral nerve block after total knee arthroplasty, which provides objective evidence of pain management for anesthetists.

Brilliant Blue G Inhibits Inflammasome Activation and Reduces Disruption of Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Induced by Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.

BACKGROUND Brilliant blue G (BBG) is a P2X7 receptor inhibitor that has been reported to improve spinal cord injury (SCI) in previous studies, but the specific mechanism has been unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of BBG on inflammasomes and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability after SCI. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experimental rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham, SCI, and SCI+BBG. The expression of P2X7 and inflammasome-related proteins was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, while IL-1ß and IL-18 levels were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The permeability of the BSCB was evaluated by Evans Blue (EB) exosmosis, and histological alterations were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Motor function recovery was assessed by the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale after SCI. RESULTS The expression levels of P2X7, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved XIAP, caspase-1, caspase-11, IL-1ß, and IL-18 were increased significantly after SCI, and BBG administration inhibited this increase at 72 h after SCI. BBG administration significantly reduced EB leakage at 24 h after SCI. Furthermore, treatment with BBG significantly attenuated histological alterations and improved motor function recovery after SCI. CONCLUSIONS BBG administration promoted motor function recovery and alleviated tissue injury, and these effects might be related to the suppression of inflammasomes and the maintenance of BSCB integrity.

Transcriptomic and Metabolomics Analysis of Different Endosperm Region under Nitrogen Treatments.

Storage protein distribution in wheat-grain endosperm is heterogeneous, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Two parts of the endosperm region, the innermost endosperm (IE) region and the remaining endosperm (RE) region, grown under low nitrogen (LN) and high nitrogen (HN) treatments were used to perform metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis. We identified 533 and 503 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with at least a two-fold expression change (p < 0.05) between IE and RE, among which 81 and 78 transcripts under LN and HN, respectively, related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and encoded transcription factors or proteins involved in post-translational modification (PTM). The significantly differentially abundant metabolites between IE and RE were mainly amino acids, N-compounds, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. More upregulated transcripts and metabolites were identified in RE than IE under HN conditions, indicating that HN activates metabolism in the endosperm periphery. In addition to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, transcription factors and protein PTMs, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, might determine the protein heterogeneous distribution between IE and RE and its response to nitrogen fertilizer supply.

[Erratum] MicroRNA-101 inhibits autophagy to alleviate liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulating the mTOR signaling pathway.

Owing to oversights during the production process, a pair of errors were introduced into the above article. First, in the Materials and methods section, Animals and cell lines subsection, on p. 1332, line 12, the sentence starting here should have read as: 'The non­tumorigenic mouse hepatocyte alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cell line was purchased from the Shanghai Cell Bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China)' (i.e., the abbreviation AML12 was expanded incorrectly). Secondly, the bottom row of data was accidentally omitted from Table I (pertaining to the Suzuki score for liver ischemia/reperfusion injury assessed to be severe).The fifth data row in the Table should have read, from left to right, as follows: Numerical assessment, '4'; Congestion, 'Severe (>60%)'; Vacuolization, 'Severe (>60%)'; and Necrosis, 'Severe (>60%)'.We regret that these errors were introduced into the published version of this paper, and apologize to the authors and the readership for the inconvenience caused. [the original article was published in International Journal of Molecular Medicine 43: 1331­1342, 2019; DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4077].

MicroRNA-101 inhibits autophagy to alleviate liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulating the mTOR signaling pathway.

Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a common complication of liver surgery, and affects liver function post­transplantation. However, the precise mechanism underlying LIRI has not yet been completely elucidated. Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of a number of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in liver pathophysiology. The objective of the present study was to determine the potential function and mechanism of miR­101­mediated regulation of autophagy in LIRI. Compared with the sham­treated group, a significant decrease in miR­101 and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression levels following ischemia/reperfusion (IR) were observed, along with an increased number of autophagosomes (P<0.001). The exogenous overexpression of miR­101 has been demonstrated to inhibit autophagy during the LIRI response and the levels of mTOR and phosphorylated (p)­mTOR expression are correspondingly elevated. However, compared with the miR­NC group, miR­101 silencing was associated with reduced mTOR and p­mTOR levels and increased autophagy, as indicated by the gradual increase in the levels of the microtubule­associated protein 1 light II (LC3II). The peak levels of LC3II were observed 12 h subsequent to reperfusion, which coincided with the lowest levels of miR­101. In addition, inhibition of autophagy by 3­methyladenine significant enhanced the protective effect of miR­101 against LIRI, compared with the IR group (P<0.001). Altogether, miR­101 attenuates LIRI by inhibiting autophagy via activating the mTOR pathway.