Visual analysis of global research output of lymphedema based on bibliometrics.

Background: Globally, several generations of doctors in the field of lymphedema have created numerous publications. To date, no bibliometric analysis has been performed specifically on these publications. For the further promotion of research on lymphedema and to align with the international research frontiers, it is essential to understand the current state of Lymphedema research output. Objective: This study aims to statistically and visually analyze the characteristics of publications output, distribution of contributions and development process of lymphedema, enriching the knowledge base of Lymphedema, and then seek potential research topics and collaborators. Methods: Based on the Web of Science core collection database, we firstly analyzed the quantity and quality of publications in the field of lymphedema, secondly profiled the publishing groups in terms of country, institution, author's publication and cooperation network, and finally sorted out and summarized the hot topics of research. Results: A total of 8569 papers were retrieved from 1900-2021. The top4 journals with the most publications were LYMPHOLOGY, LYMPHATIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGY, PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY and ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY. The top 4 countries with the most publications were USA, Japan, UK, and China. The United States dominates the total number of publications and the international cooperation network. The most productive research institution is Harvard University, and the research institution with the most collaborating institutions is Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Mortimer, Peter S contributes the most research in this field. The research achievements of Japanese scholars in this field are of great significance. The top 5 ranked keywords are "Breast Cancer", "Health-Related Quality Of Life", "Lymphscintigraphy", "Lymphovenous Anastomosis", and "Lymphangiogenesis". Conclusion: More and more scholars are devoted to the research of cancer-related Lymphedema. It is foreseeable that breast cancer-related lymphedema and lymphangiogenesis will remain a focus of future research. Advances in Lymphatic vessel imaging and the development of lymphatic microsurgery will further play a role in the clinical workup of lymphedema. Meanwhile, This study can help researchers identify potential collaborators and partner institutions and contribute to further research.

A new highly selective fluorescent sensor based on a novel fluorophore for cyanide and its applications in bioimaging.

A novel highly active fluorescence chemical sensor (TBI) for CN- was synthesized based on triphenylamine-benzothiazole as a new fluorophore, and was used for the first time as a fluorophore for detection of CN- . Fluorescence quantum yield of the probe clearly increased when using triphenylamine-benzothiazole as the group. The probe possessed good selectivity towards CN- and had anti-interference ability over common ions. After adding CN- , the UV-visible spectrum of TBI changed clearly and underwent a dramatic colour change from red to colourless, which could be observed clearly by the naked eye. The limit of detection for CN- was calculated to be 2.62 × 10-8 M, which was well below the WHO cut-off point of 1.9 µM. The novel probe displayed fast sensing of CN- . The detection mechanism was a nucleophilic addition reaction between CN- and a carbon atom -C = N- in indole salt. The π-conjugation and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition in the TBI molecule were destroyed by this addition, which resulted in a change of fluorescence before and after the addition of CN- . The mechanism was verified using theoretical calculation, 1 H NMR titration, and mass spectra. In addition, the probe showed low cytotoxicity and could be used for biological imaging in HeLa cells.

Implications of Bed Rest for Patients with Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The recommendation of bed rest for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patients has changed during the last 20 years, and it has become a concern for researchers. The existing researches on potentially harmful treatment of bed rest for DVT patients focus only on physiological outcomes. This qualitative study explored the implications of bed rest from the perspective of patients with acute DVT. Understanding these implications will provide more evidence on whether bed rest should be used as a medical treatment of acute DVT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: For data collection, a descriptive qualitative design utilizing semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews with nine patients with acute DVT was conducted. In order to find the themes and subthemes emerging from the interviews for data analysis, the Colaizzi method, which was suggested by phenomenological methodology, was used. RESULTS: The four major themes found were physical effects, psychological effects, social effects, and post-trauma growth. These themes illustrated the bed rest experiences of patients and it has a negative impact on the quality of life (QOL) amidst acute DVT. CONCLUSION: Bed rest for patients with acute DVT is a physically, emotionally, and socially distressing phenomenon that simultaneously affects QOL and induces post-traumatic growth. We believe that bed rest is not beneficial to the physical and mental health of patients with acute DVT. This study adds to the available evidence on the harmful effect of bed rest as a treatment from the perspective of patients with acute DVT. Further quantitative studies should compare the quality of life and psychosocial status of patients with and without bed rest amidst acute DVT.

Reasons for patient non-compliance with compression stockings as a treatment for varicose veins in the lower limbs: A qualitative study.

The study aims to explore the comprehensive reasons for patients' non-compliance with graded elastic compression stockings (GECS) as the treatment for lower limb varicose veins. Phenomenological analysis was applied in this qualitative study. The patients diagnosed with lower limb varicose veins and undergoing elective surgery who showed non-compliance with GECS as the treatment were invited to have semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Colaizzi method was employed to analyze the data for emerging themes associated with the reasons for patients' non-compliance. Four main themes and nine subthemes related to the reasons for non-compliance with GECS for lower limb varicose veins were summarized. The main themes that emerged were (1) gaps in the knowledge of GECS therapy as a treatment for lower limb varicose veins, (2) few recommendations from the doctors and nurses, (3) disadvantages of GECS, and (4) sociopsychological factors. These themes provide data for policy and planning to improve patients' compliance with GECS in China. Patients, healthcare professionals, and policy makers should share the responsibility to improve patients' compliance with GECS therapy.

High-sensitive factor I and C-reactive protein based biomarkers for coronary artery disease.

An analysis of high-sensitive factor I and C-reactive proteins as biomarkers for coronary artery disease has been performed from 19 anticipated cohort studies that included 21,567 participants having no information about coronary artery disease. Besides, the clinical implications of statin therapy initiated due to assessment of factor I and C-reactive proteins have also been modeled during studies. The measure of risk discrimination (C-index) was increased (by 0.0101) as per the prognostic model for coronary artery disease with respect to sex, smoking status, age, blood pressure, total cholesterol level along with diabetic history characteristic parameters. The C-index was further raised by 0.0045 and 0.0053 when factor I and C-reactive proteins based information were added, respectively which finally predicted 10-year risk categories as: high (> 20%), medium (10% to < 20%), and low (< 10%) risks. We found 2,254 persons (among 15,000 adults (age ≥ 45 years)) would initially be classified as being at medium risk for coronary artery disease when only conventional risk factors were used as calculated risk. Besides, persons with a predicted risk of more than 20% as well as for persons suffering from other risk factors (i.e. diabetes), statin therapy was initiated (irrespective of their decade old predicted risk). We conclude that under current treatment guidelines assessment of factor I and C-reactive proteins levels (as biomarker) in people at medium risk for coronary artery disease could prevent one additional coronary artery disease risk over a period a decade for every 390-500 people screened.

7,8-dihydroxycoumarin may promote sciatic nerve regeneration by suppressing NF-κB expression in mice.

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression occurs during sciatic injury. In addition, 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin exhibits a neurotrophic effect on peripheral nerve regeneration. To investigate the effects of 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin on the expression levels of NF-κB in L4-6 spinal cord segments of the injured sciatic nerve in mice and on the functional recovery and regeneration following nerve injury, a total of 160 healthy adult male BALB/c mice underwent unilateral sciatic nerve interruption and anastomosis. The mice were separated into groups and subsequently treated with physiological saline (control) or high, medium or low doses of 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin. NF-κB levels were detected by western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the sciatic functional index (SFI) was measured. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The results revealed that NF-κB was activated in the L4-6 spinal cord connected to the injured sciatic nerve. qPCR and western-blot analysis results showed that the expression levels of NF-κB in the high- and medium-dose groups were significantly lower compared with the low-dose and control groups at 12 h, one day, three days, five days and one week (P<0.05 for each). SFI and TUNEL results demonstrated that the high- and medium-dose groups exhibited improved functional nerve regeneration and reduced apoptosis compared with the low-dose and control groups. In conclusion, 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin is capable of suppressing the immune activation of NF-κB in the neurons of the L4-6 spinal cord connected with the injured sciatic nerve, thereby reducing the focal filtration of inflammatory cells, producing the optimum environment for nerve regeneration.

2-Phenyl-imidazolium hemi(benzene-1,3-dicarboxyl-ate) monohydrate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(9)H(9)N(2) (+)·0.5C(8)H(4)O(4) (-)·H(2)O, contains one 2-phenyl-imidazolium cation, half a benzene-1,3-dicarboxyl-ate anion and one water mol-ecule. In the crystal, components are connected by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions into a three-dimensional network.