Migration and transformation of trace elements during sewage sludge and coal slime Co-combustion.

Co-combustion of sewage sludge (SS) and coal slime (CS) could improve the combustion properties of the two materials, however, high levels of trace elements (TEs) can be released from the two wastes, resulting in secondary pollution. The migration and transformation behavior of As, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Mn during co-combustion is explored in current research. The results showed co-combustion could inhibit the emission of Zn, As, Pb, and Mn, and the effect was more pronounced for Zn, As and Mn. Meanwhile, minerals like kaolinite and gypsum were found to generated in the ash from co-combustion but not solo-combustion. Model experiments demonstrated that kaolinite captured As, Pb and Mn, while gypsum captured Zn, As and Mn but facilitated the emission of Pb and Cr. This well explained the distinct TEs emission characteristics between co-combustion and solo combustion. As the temperature elevated, kaolinite in co-combustion ash decomposed and the generation of gypsum was promoted. In this way, the emission ratios of Zn, As, and Mn initially increased but subsequently decreased between 700 and 1300 °C, whereas Pb and Cr emission ratios increased by twofold within the same temperature range. Leaching characteristics and risk assessment code on co-combustion ashes were also conducted in this study. The results indicated a marginal elevation in the risk associated with trace elements (TEs) following co-combustion, provided that all five TEs remained within the limits of national standards.

Key genes associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND With the increasing research on non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), many evidences show a tight correlation between NAFLD and AMI, however the underlying pathophysiology is still not clear. This study was to identify the potential hub genes and pathways related to these two diseases via bioinformatic method. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE63067 of NAFLD patients and normal controls was downloaded from GEO database. The GSE60993 and GSE66360 datasets for AMI patients and healthy controls were also obtained. Differential expression genes (DEGs) of NAFLD and AMI datasets, accompanied with common genes between them were achieved. Further GO and KEGG enrichment analysis for common genes were performed. RESULTS To obtain the pathogenesis associated with both NAFLD and AMI, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the top ten hub genes (TLR2, LILRB2, CXCL1, FPR1, TLR4, TYROBP, MMP9, FCER1G, CLEC4D and CCR2) were selected with CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggesting some novel genes may play an important role in the occurrence and progression NAFLD and AMI. But more experimental researches and clinical trials need to verify.